AetherDroid/android_kernel_samsung_on5xelte
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/AetherDroid/android_kernel_samsung_on5xelte.git synced 2025-09-05 07:57:45 -04:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions

Fixed MTP to work with TWRP

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
awab228 2018-06-19 23:16:04 +02:00
commit f6dfaef42e
50820 changed files with 20846062 additions and 0 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

583
Documentation/DocBook/80211.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,583 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE set PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<set>
<setinfo>
<title>The 802.11 subsystems &ndash; for kernel developers</title>
<subtitle>
Explaining wireless 802.11 networking in the Linux kernel
</subtitle>
<copyright>
<year>2007-2009</year>
<holder>Johannes Berg</holder>
</copyright>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Johannes</firstname>
<surname>Berg</surname>
<affiliation>
<address><email>johannes@sipsolutions.net</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
</para>
<para>
This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this documentation; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
<abstract>
<para>
These books attempt to give a description of the
various subsystems that play a role in 802.11 wireless
networking in Linux. Since these books are for kernel
developers they attempts to document the structures
and functions used in the kernel as well as giving a
higher-level overview.
</para>
<para>
The reader is expected to be familiar with the 802.11
standard as published by the IEEE in 802.11-2007 (or
possibly later versions). References to this standard
will be given as "802.11-2007 8.1.5".
</para>
</abstract>
</setinfo>
<book id="cfg80211-developers-guide">
<bookinfo>
<title>The cfg80211 subsystem</title>
<abstract>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Introduction
</abstract>
</bookinfo>
<chapter>
<title>Device registration</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Device registration
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_band
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_channel_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_channel
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_rate_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_rate
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_sta_ht_cap
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_supported_band
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_signal_type
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_params_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wireless_dev
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_new
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_register
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_unregister
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_free
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_name
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_dev
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_priv
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h priv_to_wiphy
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h set_wiphy_dev
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wdev_priv
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_iface_limit
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_iface_combination
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_check_combinations
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Actions and configuration</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Actions and configuration
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ops
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h vif_params
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h key_params
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h survey_info_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h survey_info
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_beacon_data
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ap_settings
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h station_parameters
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h station_info_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h rate_info_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h rate_info
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h station_info
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h monitor_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h mpath_info_flags
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h mpath_info
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h bss_parameters
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_txq_params
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_crypto_settings
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_auth_request
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_assoc_request
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_deauth_request
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_disassoc_request
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ibss_params
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_connect_params
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_pmksa
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_rx_mlme_mgmt
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_auth_timeout
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_rx_assoc_resp
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_assoc_timeout
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_tx_mlme_mgmt
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ibss_joined
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_connect_result
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_roamed
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_disconnected
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ready_on_channel
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_remain_on_channel_expired
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_new_sta
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_rx_mgmt
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_mgmt_tx_status
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_cqm_rssi_notify
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_cqm_pktloss_notify
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_michael_mic_failure
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Scanning and BSS list handling</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Scanning and BSS list handling
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ssid
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_scan_request
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_scan_done
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_bss
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_inform_bss_width_frame
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_inform_bss_width
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_unlink_bss
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_find_ie
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_bss_get_ie
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Utility functions</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Utility functions
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_channel_to_frequency
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_frequency_to_channel
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_get_channel
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_get_response_rate
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_hdrlen
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_get_hdrlen_from_skb
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_radiotap_iterator
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Data path helpers</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Data path helpers
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_data_to_8023
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_data_from_8023
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_amsdu_to_8023s
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_classify8021d
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Regulatory enforcement infrastructure</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Regulatory enforcement infrastructure
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h regulatory_hint
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_apply_custom_regulatory
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h freq_reg_info
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>RFkill integration</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h RFkill integration
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_rfkill_set_hw_state
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_rfkill_start_polling
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_rfkill_stop_polling
</chapter>
<chapter>
<title>Test mode</title>
!Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Test mode
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_alloc_reply_skb
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_reply
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_alloc_event_skb
!Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_event
</chapter>
</book>
<book id="mac80211-developers-guide">
<bookinfo>
<title>The mac80211 subsystem</title>
<abstract>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Introduction
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Warning
</abstract>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<!--
Generally, this document shall be ordered by increasing complexity.
It is important to note that readers should be able to read only
the first few sections to get a working driver and only advanced
usage should require reading the full document.
-->
<part>
<title>The basic mac80211 driver interface</title>
<partintro>
<para>
You should read and understand the information contained
within this part of the book while implementing a driver.
In some chapters, advanced usage is noted, that may be
skipped at first.
</para>
<para>
This part of the book only covers station and monitor mode
functionality, additional information required to implement
the other modes is covered in the second part of the book.
</para>
</partintro>
<chapter id="basics">
<title>Basic hardware handling</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This chapter shall contain information on getting a hw
struct allocated and registered with mac80211.
</para>
<para>
Since it is required to allocate rates/modes before registering
a hw struct, this chapter shall also contain information on setting
up the rate/mode structs.
</para>
<para>
Additionally, some discussion about the callbacks and
the general programming model should be in here, including
the definition of ieee80211_ops which will be referred to
a lot.
</para>
<para>
Finally, a discussion of hardware capabilities should be done
with references to other parts of the book.
</para>
<!-- intentionally multiple !F lines to get proper order -->
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_hw
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_hw_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h SET_IEEE80211_DEV
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h SET_IEEE80211_PERM_ADDR
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ops
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_alloc_hw
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_register_hw
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_unregister_hw
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_free_hw
</chapter>
<chapter id="phy-handling">
<title>PHY configuration</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This chapter should describe PHY handling including
start/stop callbacks and the various structures used.
</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_conf
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_conf_flags
</chapter>
<chapter id="iface-handling">
<title>Virtual interfaces</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This chapter should describe virtual interface basics
that are relevant to the driver (VLANs, MGMT etc are not.)
It should explain the use of the add_iface/remove_iface
callbacks as well as the interface configuration callbacks.
</para>
<para>Things related to AP mode should be discussed there.</para>
<para>
Things related to supporting multiple interfaces should be
in the appropriate chapter, a BIG FAT note should be here about
this though and the recommendation to allow only a single
interface in STA mode at first!
</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_vif
</chapter>
<chapter id="rx-tx">
<title>Receive and transmit processing</title>
<sect1>
<title>what should be here</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This should describe the receive and transmit
paths in mac80211/the drivers as well as
transmit status handling.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Frame format</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Frame format
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Packet alignment</title>
!Pnet/mac80211/rx.c Packet alignment
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Calling into mac80211 from interrupts</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Calling mac80211 from interrupts
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>functions/definitions</title>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_status
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_rx_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_tx_info_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_tx_control_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_rate_control_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_rate
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_info
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_info_clear_status
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_ni
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_irqsafe
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status_ni
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rts_get
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rts_duration
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ctstoself_get
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ctstoself_duration
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_generic_frame_duration
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queue
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queue
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queues
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queues
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_queue_stopped
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="filters">
<title>Frame filtering</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Frame filtering
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_filter_flags
</chapter>
<chapter id="workqueue">
<title>The mac80211 workqueue</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211 workqueue
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_queue_work
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_queue_delayed_work
</chapter>
</part>
<part id="advanced">
<title>Advanced driver interface</title>
<partintro>
<para>
Information contained within this part of the book is
of interest only for advanced interaction of mac80211
with drivers to exploit more hardware capabilities and
improve performance.
</para>
</partintro>
<chapter id="led-support">
<title>LED support</title>
<para>
Mac80211 supports various ways of blinking LEDs. Wherever possible,
device LEDs should be exposed as LED class devices and hooked up to
the appropriate trigger, which will then be triggered appropriately
by mac80211.
</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tx_led_name
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_rx_led_name
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_assoc_led_name
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_radio_led_name
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tpt_blink
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tpt_led_trigger_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_create_tpt_led_trigger
</chapter>
<chapter id="hardware-crypto-offload">
<title>Hardware crypto acceleration</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Hardware crypto acceleration
<!-- intentionally multiple !F lines to get proper order -->
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h set_key_cmd
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_conf
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_flags
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tkip_p1k
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tkip_p1k_iv
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tkip_p2k
</chapter>
<chapter id="powersave">
<title>Powersave support</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Powersave support
</chapter>
<chapter id="beacon-filter">
<title>Beacon filter support</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Beacon filter support
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_beacon_loss
</chapter>
<chapter id="qos">
<title>Multiple queues and QoS support</title>
<para>TBD</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue_params
</chapter>
<chapter id="AP">
<title>Access point mode support</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>Some parts of the if_conf should be discussed here instead</para>
<para>
Insert notes about VLAN interfaces with hw crypto here or
in the hw crypto chapter.
</para>
<section id="ps-client">
<title>support for powersaving clients</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h AP support for powersaving clients
</section>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_buffered_bc
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_beacon_get
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_eosp
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_frame_release_type
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_ps_transition
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_ps_transition_ni
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_set_buffered
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_block_awake
</chapter>
<chapter id="multi-iface">
<title>Supporting multiple virtual interfaces</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
Note: WDS with identical MAC address should almost always be OK
</para>
<para>
Insert notes about having multiple virtual interfaces with
different MAC addresses here, note which configurations are
supported by mac80211, add notes about supporting hw crypto
with it.
</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_iterate_active_interfaces
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_iterate_active_interfaces_atomic
</chapter>
<chapter id="station-handling">
<title>Station handling</title>
<para>TODO</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h sta_notify_cmd
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_find_sta
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_find_sta_by_ifaddr
</chapter>
<chapter id="hardware-scan-offload">
<title>Hardware scan offload</title>
<para>TBD</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_scan_completed
</chapter>
<chapter id="aggregation">
<title>Aggregation</title>
<sect1>
<title>TX A-MPDU aggregation</title>
!Pnet/mac80211/agg-tx.c TX A-MPDU aggregation
!Cnet/mac80211/agg-tx.c
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>RX A-MPDU aggregation</title>
!Pnet/mac80211/agg-rx.c RX A-MPDU aggregation
!Cnet/mac80211/agg-rx.c
</sect1>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ampdu_mlme_action
</chapter>
<chapter id="smps">
<title>Spatial Multiplexing Powersave (SMPS)</title>
!Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Spatial multiplexing power save
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_request_smps
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_smps_mode
</chapter>
</part>
<part id="rate-control">
<title>Rate control interface</title>
<partintro>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This part of the book describes the rate control algorithm
interface and how it relates to mac80211 and drivers.
</para>
</partintro>
<chapter id="ratecontrol-api">
<title>Rate Control API</title>
<para>TBD</para>
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_start_tx_ba_session
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_start_tx_ba_cb_irqsafe
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_tx_ba_session
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_tx_ba_cb_irqsafe
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rate_control_changed
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_rate_control
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h rate_control_send_low
</chapter>
</part>
<part id="internal">
<title>Internals</title>
<partintro>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>
This part of the book describes mac80211 internals.
</para>
</partintro>
<chapter id="key-handling">
<title>Key handling</title>
<sect1>
<title>Key handling basics</title>
!Pnet/mac80211/key.c Key handling basics
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>MORE TBD</title>
<para>TBD</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="rx-processing">
<title>Receive processing</title>
<para>TBD</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="tx-processing">
<title>Transmit processing</title>
<para>TBD</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="sta-info">
<title>Station info handling</title>
<sect1>
<title>Programming information</title>
!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h sta_info
!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h ieee80211_sta_info_flags
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>STA information lifetime rules</title>
!Pnet/mac80211/sta_info.c STA information lifetime rules
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="aggregation-internals">
<title>Aggregation</title>
!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h sta_ampdu_mlme
!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h tid_ampdu_tx
!Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h tid_ampdu_rx
</chapter>
<chapter id="synchronisation">
<title>Synchronisation</title>
<para>TBD</para>
<para>Locking, lots of RCU</para>
</chapter>
</part>
</book>
</set>

232
Documentation/DocBook/Makefile Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
###
# This makefile is used to generate the kernel documentation,
# primarily based on in-line comments in various source files.
# See Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt for instruction in how
# to document the SRC - and how to read it.
# To add a new book the only step required is to add the book to the
# list of DOCBOOKS.
DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml device-drivers.xml \
kernel-hacking.xml kernel-locking.xml deviceiobook.xml \
writing_usb_driver.xml networking.xml \
kernel-api.xml filesystems.xml lsm.xml usb.xml kgdb.xml \
gadget.xml libata.xml mtdnand.xml librs.xml rapidio.xml \
genericirq.xml s390-drivers.xml uio-howto.xml scsi.xml \
80211.xml debugobjects.xml sh.xml regulator.xml \
alsa-driver-api.xml writing-an-alsa-driver.xml \
tracepoint.xml drm.xml media_api.xml w1.xml \
writing_musb_glue_layer.xml
include Documentation/DocBook/media/Makefile
###
# The build process is as follows (targets):
# (xmldocs) [by docproc]
# file.tmpl --> file.xml +--> file.ps (psdocs) [by db2ps or xmlto]
# +--> file.pdf (pdfdocs) [by db2pdf or xmlto]
# +--> DIR=file (htmldocs) [by xmlto]
# +--> man/ (mandocs) [by xmlto]
# for PDF and PS output you can choose between xmlto and docbook-utils tools
PDF_METHOD = $(prefer-db2x)
PS_METHOD = $(prefer-db2x)
###
# The targets that may be used.
PHONY += xmldocs sgmldocs psdocs pdfdocs htmldocs mandocs installmandocs cleandocs
targets += $(DOCBOOKS)
BOOKS := $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(DOCBOOKS))
xmldocs: $(BOOKS)
sgmldocs: xmldocs
PS := $(patsubst %.xml, %.ps, $(BOOKS))
psdocs: $(PS)
PDF := $(patsubst %.xml, %.pdf, $(BOOKS))
pdfdocs: $(PDF)
HTML := $(sort $(patsubst %.xml, %.html, $(BOOKS)))
htmldocs: $(HTML)
$(call build_main_index)
$(call build_images)
$(call install_media_images)
MAN := $(patsubst %.xml, %.9, $(BOOKS))
mandocs: $(MAN)
$(if $(wildcard $(obj)/man/*.9),gzip -f $(obj)/man/*.9)
installmandocs: mandocs
mkdir -p /usr/local/man/man9/
install $(obj)/man/*.9.gz /usr/local/man/man9/
###
#External programs used
KERNELDOC = $(srctree)/scripts/kernel-doc
DOCPROC = $(objtree)/scripts/docproc
XMLTOFLAGS = -m $(srctree)/$(src)/stylesheet.xsl
XMLTOFLAGS += --skip-validation
###
# DOCPROC is used for two purposes:
# 1) To generate a dependency list for a .tmpl file
# 2) To preprocess a .tmpl file and call kernel-doc with
# appropriate parameters.
# The following rules are used to generate the .xml documentation
# required to generate the final targets. (ps, pdf, html).
quiet_cmd_docproc = DOCPROC $@
cmd_docproc = SRCTREE=$(srctree)/ $(DOCPROC) doc $< >$@
define rule_docproc
set -e; \
$(if $($(quiet)cmd_$(1)),echo ' $($(quiet)cmd_$(1))';) \
$(cmd_$(1)); \
( \
echo 'cmd_$@ := $(cmd_$(1))'; \
echo $@: `SRCTREE=$(srctree) $(DOCPROC) depend $<`; \
) > $(dir $@).$(notdir $@).cmd
endef
%.xml: %.tmpl $(KERNELDOC) $(DOCPROC) FORCE
$(call if_changed_rule,docproc)
# Tell kbuild to always build the programs
always := $(hostprogs-y)
notfoundtemplate = echo "*** You have to install docbook-utils or xmlto ***"; \
exit 1
db2xtemplate = db2TYPE -o $(dir $@) $<
xmltotemplate = xmlto TYPE $(XMLTOFLAGS) -o $(dir $@) $<
# determine which methods are available
ifeq ($(shell which db2ps >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo found),found)
use-db2x = db2x
prefer-db2x = db2x
else
use-db2x = notfound
prefer-db2x = $(use-xmlto)
endif
ifeq ($(shell which xmlto >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo found),found)
use-xmlto = xmlto
prefer-xmlto = xmlto
else
use-xmlto = notfound
prefer-xmlto = $(use-db2x)
endif
# the commands, generated from the chosen template
quiet_cmd_db2ps = PS $@
cmd_db2ps = $(subst TYPE,ps, $($(PS_METHOD)template))
%.ps : %.xml
$(call cmd,db2ps)
quiet_cmd_db2pdf = PDF $@
cmd_db2pdf = $(subst TYPE,pdf, $($(PDF_METHOD)template))
%.pdf : %.xml
$(call cmd,db2pdf)
index = index.html
main_idx = $(obj)/$(index)
build_main_index = rm -rf $(main_idx); \
echo '<h1>Linux Kernel HTML Documentation</h1>' >> $(main_idx) && \
echo '<h2>Kernel Version: $(KERNELVERSION)</h2>' >> $(main_idx) && \
cat $(HTML) >> $(main_idx)
quiet_cmd_db2html = HTML $@
cmd_db2html = xmlto html $(XMLTOFLAGS) -o $(patsubst %.html,%,$@) $< && \
echo '<a HREF="$(patsubst %.html,%,$(notdir $@))/index.html"> \
$(patsubst %.html,%,$(notdir $@))</a><p>' > $@
%.html: %.xml
@(which xmlto > /dev/null 2>&1) || \
(echo "*** You need to install xmlto ***"; \
exit 1)
@rm -rf $@ $(patsubst %.html,%,$@)
$(call cmd,db2html)
@if [ ! -z "$(PNG-$(basename $(notdir $@)))" ]; then \
cp $(PNG-$(basename $(notdir $@))) $(patsubst %.html,%,$@); fi
quiet_cmd_db2man = MAN $@
cmd_db2man = if grep -q refentry $<; then xmlto man $(XMLTOFLAGS) -o $(obj)/man $< ; fi
%.9 : %.xml
@(which xmlto > /dev/null 2>&1) || \
(echo "*** You need to install xmlto ***"; \
exit 1)
$(Q)mkdir -p $(obj)/man
$(call cmd,db2man)
@touch $@
###
# Rules to generate postscripts and PNG images from .fig format files
quiet_cmd_fig2eps = FIG2EPS $@
cmd_fig2eps = fig2dev -Leps $< $@
%.eps: %.fig
@(which fig2dev > /dev/null 2>&1) || \
(echo "*** You need to install transfig ***"; \
exit 1)
$(call cmd,fig2eps)
quiet_cmd_fig2png = FIG2PNG $@
cmd_fig2png = fig2dev -Lpng $< $@
%.png: %.fig
@(which fig2dev > /dev/null 2>&1) || \
(echo "*** You need to install transfig ***"; \
exit 1)
$(call cmd,fig2png)
###
# Rule to convert a .c file to inline XML documentation
gen_xml = :
quiet_gen_xml = echo ' GEN $@'
silent_gen_xml = :
%.xml: %.c
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>"; \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed -e "s/&/\\&amp;/g" \
-e "s/</\\&lt;/g" \
-e "s/>/\\&gt;/g"; \
echo "</programlisting>") > $@
###
# Help targets as used by the top-level makefile
dochelp:
@echo ' Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:'
@echo ' htmldocs - HTML'
@echo ' pdfdocs - PDF'
@echo ' psdocs - Postscript'
@echo ' xmldocs - XML DocBook'
@echo ' mandocs - man pages'
@echo ' installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs'
@echo ' cleandocs - clean all generated DocBook files'
###
# Temporary files left by various tools
clean-files := $(DOCBOOKS) \
$(patsubst %.xml, %.dvi, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
$(patsubst %.xml, %.aux, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
$(patsubst %.xml, %.tex, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
$(patsubst %.xml, %.log, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
$(patsubst %.xml, %.out, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
$(patsubst %.xml, %.ps, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
$(patsubst %.xml, %.pdf, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
$(patsubst %.xml, %.html, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
$(patsubst %.xml, %.9, $(DOCBOOKS)) \
$(index)
clean-dirs := $(patsubst %.xml,%,$(DOCBOOKS)) man
cleandocs: cleanmediadocs
$(Q)rm -f $(call objectify, $(clean-files))
$(Q)rm -rf $(call objectify, $(clean-dirs))
# Declare the contents of the .PHONY variable as phony. We keep that
# information in a variable se we can use it in if_changed and friends.
.PHONY: $(PHONY)

109
Documentation/DocBook/alsa-driver-api.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<!-- ****************************************************** -->
<!-- Header -->
<!-- ****************************************************** -->
<book id="ALSA-Driver-API">
<bookinfo>
<title>The ALSA Driver API</title>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This document is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
</para>
<para>
This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but <emphasis>WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY</emphasis>; without even the
implied warranty of <emphasis>MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE</emphasis>. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter><title>Management of Cards and Devices</title>
<sect1><title>Card Management</title>
!Esound/core/init.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device Components</title>
!Esound/core/device.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Module requests and Device File Entries</title>
!Esound/core/sound.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Memory Management Helpers</title>
!Esound/core/memory.c
!Esound/core/memalloc.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter><title>PCM API</title>
<sect1><title>PCM Core</title>
!Esound/core/pcm.c
!Esound/core/pcm_lib.c
!Esound/core/pcm_native.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>PCM Format Helpers</title>
!Esound/core/pcm_misc.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>PCM Memory Management</title>
!Esound/core/pcm_memory.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter><title>Control/Mixer API</title>
<sect1><title>General Control Interface</title>
!Esound/core/control.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>AC97 Codec API</title>
!Esound/pci/ac97/ac97_codec.c
!Esound/pci/ac97/ac97_pcm.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Virtual Master Control API</title>
!Esound/core/vmaster.c
!Iinclude/sound/control.h
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter><title>MIDI API</title>
<sect1><title>Raw MIDI API</title>
!Esound/core/rawmidi.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>MPU401-UART API</title>
!Esound/drivers/mpu401/mpu401_uart.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter><title>Proc Info API</title>
<sect1><title>Proc Info Interface</title>
!Esound/core/info.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter><title>Miscellaneous Functions</title>
<sect1><title>Hardware-Dependent Devices API</title>
!Esound/core/hwdep.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Jack Abstraction Layer API</title>
!Esound/core/jack.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>ISA DMA Helpers</title>
!Esound/core/isadma.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Other Helper Macros</title>
!Iinclude/sound/core.h
</sect1>
</chapter>
</book>

441
Documentation/DocBook/debugobjects.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="debug-objects-guide">
<bookinfo>
<title>Debug objects life time</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
<surname>Gleixner</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>tglx@linutronix.de</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2008</year>
<holder>Thomas Gleixner</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
</para>
<para>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
debugobjects is a generic infrastructure to track the life time
of kernel objects and validate the operations on those.
</para>
<para>
debugobjects is useful to check for the following error patterns:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Activation of uninitialized objects</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Initialization of active objects</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Usage of freed/destroyed objects</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
debugobjects is not changing the data structure of the real
object so it can be compiled in with a minimal runtime impact
and enabled on demand with a kernel command line option.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="howto">
<title>Howto use debugobjects</title>
<para>
A kernel subsystem needs to provide a data structure which
describes the object type and add calls into the debug code at
appropriate places. The data structure to describe the object
type needs at minimum the name of the object type. Optional
functions can and should be provided to fixup detected problems
so the kernel can continue to work and the debug information can
be retrieved from a live system instead of hard core debugging
with serial consoles and stack trace transcripts from the
monitor.
</para>
<para>
The debug calls provided by debugobjects are:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>debug_object_init</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>debug_object_init_on_stack</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>debug_object_activate</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>debug_object_deactivate</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>debug_object_destroy</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>debug_object_free</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>debug_object_assert_init</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
Each of these functions takes the address of the real object and
a pointer to the object type specific debug description
structure.
</para>
<para>
Each detected error is reported in the statistics and a limited
number of errors are printk'ed including a full stack trace.
</para>
<para>
The statistics are available via /sys/kernel/debug/debug_objects/stats.
They provide information about the number of warnings and the
number of successful fixups along with information about the
usage of the internal tracking objects and the state of the
internal tracking objects pool.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="debugfunctions">
<title>Debug functions</title>
<sect1 id="prototypes">
<title>Debug object function reference</title>
!Elib/debugobjects.c
</sect1>
<sect1 id="debug_object_init">
<title>debug_object_init</title>
<para>
This function is called whenever the initialization function
of a real object is called.
</para>
<para>
When the real object is already tracked by debugobjects it is
checked, whether the object can be initialized. Initializing
is not allowed for active and destroyed objects. When
debugobjects detects an error, then it calls the fixup_init
function of the object type description structure if provided
by the caller. The fixup function can correct the problem
before the real initialization of the object happens. E.g. it
can deactivate an active object in order to prevent damage to
the subsystem.
</para>
<para>
When the real object is not yet tracked by debugobjects,
debugobjects allocates a tracker object for the real object
and sets the tracker object state to ODEBUG_STATE_INIT. It
verifies that the object is not on the callers stack. If it is
on the callers stack then a limited number of warnings
including a full stack trace is printk'ed. The calling code
must use debug_object_init_on_stack() and remove the object
before leaving the function which allocated it. See next
section.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="debug_object_init_on_stack">
<title>debug_object_init_on_stack</title>
<para>
This function is called whenever the initialization function
of a real object which resides on the stack is called.
</para>
<para>
When the real object is already tracked by debugobjects it is
checked, whether the object can be initialized. Initializing
is not allowed for active and destroyed objects. When
debugobjects detects an error, then it calls the fixup_init
function of the object type description structure if provided
by the caller. The fixup function can correct the problem
before the real initialization of the object happens. E.g. it
can deactivate an active object in order to prevent damage to
the subsystem.
</para>
<para>
When the real object is not yet tracked by debugobjects
debugobjects allocates a tracker object for the real object
and sets the tracker object state to ODEBUG_STATE_INIT. It
verifies that the object is on the callers stack.
</para>
<para>
An object which is on the stack must be removed from the
tracker by calling debug_object_free() before the function
which allocates the object returns. Otherwise we keep track of
stale objects.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="debug_object_activate">
<title>debug_object_activate</title>
<para>
This function is called whenever the activation function of a
real object is called.
</para>
<para>
When the real object is already tracked by debugobjects it is
checked, whether the object can be activated. Activating is
not allowed for active and destroyed objects. When
debugobjects detects an error, then it calls the
fixup_activate function of the object type description
structure if provided by the caller. The fixup function can
correct the problem before the real activation of the object
happens. E.g. it can deactivate an active object in order to
prevent damage to the subsystem.
</para>
<para>
When the real object is not yet tracked by debugobjects then
the fixup_activate function is called if available. This is
necessary to allow the legitimate activation of statically
allocated and initialized objects. The fixup function checks
whether the object is valid and calls the debug_objects_init()
function to initialize the tracking of this object.
</para>
<para>
When the activation is legitimate, then the state of the
associated tracker object is set to ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="debug_object_deactivate">
<title>debug_object_deactivate</title>
<para>
This function is called whenever the deactivation function of
a real object is called.
</para>
<para>
When the real object is tracked by debugobjects it is checked,
whether the object can be deactivated. Deactivating is not
allowed for untracked or destroyed objects.
</para>
<para>
When the deactivation is legitimate, then the state of the
associated tracker object is set to ODEBUG_STATE_INACTIVE.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="debug_object_destroy">
<title>debug_object_destroy</title>
<para>
This function is called to mark an object destroyed. This is
useful to prevent the usage of invalid objects, which are
still available in memory: either statically allocated objects
or objects which are freed later.
</para>
<para>
When the real object is tracked by debugobjects it is checked,
whether the object can be destroyed. Destruction is not
allowed for active and destroyed objects. When debugobjects
detects an error, then it calls the fixup_destroy function of
the object type description structure if provided by the
caller. The fixup function can correct the problem before the
real destruction of the object happens. E.g. it can deactivate
an active object in order to prevent damage to the subsystem.
</para>
<para>
When the destruction is legitimate, then the state of the
associated tracker object is set to ODEBUG_STATE_DESTROYED.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="debug_object_free">
<title>debug_object_free</title>
<para>
This function is called before an object is freed.
</para>
<para>
When the real object is tracked by debugobjects it is checked,
whether the object can be freed. Free is not allowed for
active objects. When debugobjects detects an error, then it
calls the fixup_free function of the object type description
structure if provided by the caller. The fixup function can
correct the problem before the real free of the object
happens. E.g. it can deactivate an active object in order to
prevent damage to the subsystem.
</para>
<para>
Note that debug_object_free removes the object from the
tracker. Later usage of the object is detected by the other
debug checks.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="debug_object_assert_init">
<title>debug_object_assert_init</title>
<para>
This function is called to assert that an object has been
initialized.
</para>
<para>
When the real object is not tracked by debugobjects, it calls
fixup_assert_init of the object type description structure
provided by the caller, with the hardcoded object state
ODEBUG_NOT_AVAILABLE. The fixup function can correct the problem
by calling debug_object_init and other specific initializing
functions.
</para>
<para>
When the real object is already tracked by debugobjects it is
ignored.
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="fixupfunctions">
<title>Fixup functions</title>
<sect1 id="debug_obj_descr">
<title>Debug object type description structure</title>
!Iinclude/linux/debugobjects.h
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fixup_init">
<title>fixup_init</title>
<para>
This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem
in debug_object_init is detected. The function takes the
address of the object and the state which is currently
recorded in the tracker.
</para>
<para>
Called from debug_object_init when the object state is:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful,
otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the
statistics.
</para>
<para>
Note, that the function needs to call the debug_object_init()
function again, after the damage has been repaired in order to
keep the state consistent.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fixup_activate">
<title>fixup_activate</title>
<para>
This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem
in debug_object_activate is detected.
</para>
<para>
Called from debug_object_activate when the object state is:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful,
otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the
statistics.
</para>
<para>
Note that the function needs to call the debug_object_activate()
function again after the damage has been repaired in order to
keep the state consistent.
</para>
<para>
The activation of statically initialized objects is a special
case. When debug_object_activate() has no tracked object for
this object address then fixup_activate() is called with
object state ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE. The fixup function
needs to check whether this is a legitimate case of a
statically initialized object or not. In case it is it calls
debug_object_init() and debug_object_activate() to make the
object known to the tracker and marked active. In this case
the function should return 0 because this is not a real fixup.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fixup_destroy">
<title>fixup_destroy</title>
<para>
This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem
in debug_object_destroy is detected.
</para>
<para>
Called from debug_object_destroy when the object state is:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful,
otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the
statistics.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fixup_free">
<title>fixup_free</title>
<para>
This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem
in debug_object_free is detected. Further it can be called
from the debug checks in kfree/vfree, when an active object is
detected from the debug_check_no_obj_freed() sanity checks.
</para>
<para>
Called from debug_object_free() or debug_check_no_obj_freed()
when the object state is:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>ODEBUG_STATE_ACTIVE</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful,
otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the
statistics.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fixup_assert_init">
<title>fixup_assert_init</title>
<para>
This function is called from the debug code whenever a problem
in debug_object_assert_init is detected.
</para>
<para>
Called from debug_object_assert_init() with a hardcoded state
ODEBUG_STATE_NOTAVAILABLE when the object is not found in the
debug bucket.
</para>
<para>
The function returns 1 when the fixup was successful,
otherwise 0. The return value is used to update the
statistics.
</para>
<para>
Note, this function should make sure debug_object_init() is
called before returning.
</para>
<para>
The handling of statically initialized objects is a special
case. The fixup function should check if this is a legitimate
case of a statically initialized object or not. In this case only
debug_object_init() should be called to make the object known to
the tracker. Then the function should return 0 because this is not
a real fixup.
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="bugs">
<title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
<para>
None (knock on wood).
</para>
</chapter>
</book>

475
Documentation/DocBook/device-drivers.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="LinuxDriversAPI">
<bookinfo>
<title>Linux Device Drivers</title>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
</para>
<para>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="Basics">
<title>Driver Basics</title>
<sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title>
!Iinclude/linux/init.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title>
!Iarch/x86/include/asm/atomic.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title>
!Iinclude/linux/sched.h
!Ekernel/sched/core.c
!Ikernel/sched/cpupri.c
!Ikernel/sched/fair.c
!Iinclude/linux/completion.h
!Ekernel/time/timer.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Wait queues and Wake events</title>
!Iinclude/linux/wait.h
!Ekernel/sched/wait.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>High-resolution timers</title>
!Iinclude/linux/ktime.h
!Iinclude/linux/hrtimer.h
!Ekernel/time/hrtimer.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Workqueues and Kevents</title>
!Ekernel/workqueue.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Internal Functions</title>
!Ikernel/exit.c
!Ikernel/signal.c
!Iinclude/linux/kthread.h
!Ekernel/kthread.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title>
<!--
X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h
-->
!Elib/kobject.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title>
!Iinclude/linux/kernel.h
!Ekernel/printk/printk.c
!Ekernel/panic.c
!Ekernel/sys.c
!Ekernel/rcu/srcu.c
!Ekernel/rcu/tree.c
!Ekernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h
!Ekernel/rcu/update.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device Resource Management</title>
!Edrivers/base/devres.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="devdrivers">
<title>Device drivers infrastructure</title>
<sect1><title>The Basic Device Driver-Model Structures </title>
!Iinclude/linux/device.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title>
!Idrivers/base/init.c
!Edrivers/base/driver.c
!Edrivers/base/core.c
!Edrivers/base/syscore.c
!Edrivers/base/class.c
!Idrivers/base/node.c
!Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c
!Edrivers/base/transport_class.c
<!-- Cannot be included, because
attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter
and attribute_container_classdev_to_container
exceed allowed 44 characters maximum
X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c
-->
!Edrivers/base/dd.c
<!--
X!Edrivers/base/interface.c
-->
!Iinclude/linux/platform_device.h
!Edrivers/base/platform.c
!Edrivers/base/bus.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device Drivers DMA Management</title>
!Edrivers/dma-buf/dma-buf.c
!Edrivers/dma-buf/fence.c
!Edrivers/dma-buf/seqno-fence.c
!Iinclude/linux/fence.h
!Iinclude/linux/seqno-fence.h
!Edrivers/dma-buf/reservation.c
!Iinclude/linux/reservation.h
!Edrivers/base/dma-coherent.c
!Edrivers/base/dma-mapping.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title>
!Edrivers/base/power/main.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title>
<!-- Internal functions only
X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c
X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c
X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c
X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c
-->
!Edrivers/acpi/scan.c
!Idrivers/acpi/scan.c
<!-- No correct structured comments
X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c
-->
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title>
!Idrivers/pnp/core.c
<!-- No correct structured comments
X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
-->
!Edrivers/pnp/card.c
!Idrivers/pnp/driver.c
!Edrivers/pnp/manager.c
!Edrivers/pnp/support.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Userspace IO devices</title>
!Edrivers/uio/uio.c
!Iinclude/linux/uio_driver.h
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="parportdev">
<title>Parallel Port Devices</title>
!Iinclude/linux/parport.h
!Edrivers/parport/ieee1284.c
!Edrivers/parport/share.c
!Idrivers/parport/daisy.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="message_devices">
<title>Message-based devices</title>
<sect1><title>Fusion message devices</title>
!Edrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c
!Edrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptctl.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptspi.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptfc.c
!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptlan.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>I2O message devices</title>
!Iinclude/linux/i2o.h
!Idrivers/message/i2o/core.h
!Edrivers/message/i2o/iop.c
!Idrivers/message/i2o/iop.c
!Idrivers/message/i2o/config-osm.c
!Edrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c
!Idrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c
!Idrivers/message/i2o/bus-osm.c
!Edrivers/message/i2o/device.c
!Idrivers/message/i2o/device.c
!Idrivers/message/i2o/driver.c
!Idrivers/message/i2o/pci.c
!Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_block.c
!Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_scsi.c
!Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_proc.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="snddev">
<title>Sound Devices</title>
!Iinclude/sound/core.h
!Esound/sound_core.c
!Iinclude/sound/pcm.h
!Esound/core/pcm.c
!Esound/core/device.c
!Esound/core/info.c
!Esound/core/rawmidi.c
!Esound/core/sound.c
!Esound/core/memory.c
!Esound/core/pcm_memory.c
!Esound/core/init.c
!Esound/core/isadma.c
!Esound/core/control.c
!Esound/core/pcm_lib.c
!Esound/core/hwdep.c
!Esound/core/pcm_native.c
!Esound/core/memalloc.c
<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
X!Isound/sound_firmware.c
-->
</chapter>
<chapter id="uart16x50">
<title>16x50 UART Driver</title>
!Edrivers/tty/serial/serial_core.c
!Edrivers/tty/serial/8250/8250_core.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="fbdev">
<title>Frame Buffer Library</title>
<para>
The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures.
These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h. They are
fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs.
The last three can be made available to and from userland.
</para>
<para>
fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card.
Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a
collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work.
fb_info is only visible to the kernel.
</para>
<para>
fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card
that are user defined. With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as
depth and the resolution may be defined.
</para>
<para>
The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the
properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't
be changed otherwise. A good example of this is the start of the
frame buffer memory. This "locks" the address of the frame buffer
memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved.
</para>
<para>
The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was
little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things
such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With
the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used
correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked. fb_monospecs
will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x.
</para>
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title>
!Edrivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmem.c
</sect1>
<!--
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title>
X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c
</sect1>
-->
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title>
!Edrivers/video/fbdev/core/fbcmap.c
</sect1>
<!-- FIXME:
drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml. Comment
out until somebody adds docs. KAO
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title>
X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c
</sect1>
KAO -->
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title>
!Idrivers/video/fbdev/core/modedb.c
!Edrivers/video/fbdev/core/modedb.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title>
!Edrivers/video/fbdev/macmodes.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title>
<para>
Refer to the file lib/fonts/fonts.c for more information.
</para>
<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
X!Ilib/fonts/fonts.c
-->
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="input_subsystem">
<title>Input Subsystem</title>
<sect1><title>Input core</title>
!Iinclude/linux/input.h
!Edrivers/input/input.c
!Edrivers/input/ff-core.c
!Edrivers/input/ff-memless.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Multitouch Library</title>
!Iinclude/linux/input/mt.h
!Edrivers/input/input-mt.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Polled input devices</title>
!Iinclude/linux/input-polldev.h
!Edrivers/input/input-polldev.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Matrix keyboars/keypads</title>
!Iinclude/linux/input/matrix_keypad.h
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Sparse keymap support</title>
!Iinclude/linux/input/sparse-keymap.h
!Edrivers/input/sparse-keymap.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="spi">
<title>Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)</title>
<para>
SPI is the "Serial Peripheral Interface", widely used with
embedded systems because it is a simple and efficient
interface: basically a multiplexed shift register.
Its three signal wires hold a clock (SCK, often in the range
of 1-20 MHz), a "Master Out, Slave In" (MOSI) data line, and
a "Master In, Slave Out" (MISO) data line.
SPI is a full duplex protocol; for each bit shifted out the
MOSI line (one per clock) another is shifted in on the MISO line.
Those bits are assembled into words of various sizes on the
way to and from system memory.
An additional chipselect line is usually active-low (nCS);
four signals are normally used for each peripheral, plus
sometimes an interrupt.
</para>
<para>
The SPI bus facilities listed here provide a generalized
interface to declare SPI busses and devices, manage them
according to the standard Linux driver model, and perform
input/output operations.
At this time, only "master" side interfaces are supported,
where Linux talks to SPI peripherals and does not implement
such a peripheral itself.
(Interfaces to support implementing SPI slaves would
necessarily look different.)
</para>
<para>
The programming interface is structured around two kinds of driver,
and two kinds of device.
A "Controller Driver" abstracts the controller hardware, which may
be as simple as a set of GPIO pins or as complex as a pair of FIFOs
connected to dual DMA engines on the other side of the SPI shift
register (maximizing throughput). Such drivers bridge between
whatever bus they sit on (often the platform bus) and SPI, and
expose the SPI side of their device as a
<structname>struct spi_master</structname>.
SPI devices are children of that master, represented as a
<structname>struct spi_device</structname> and manufactured from
<structname>struct spi_board_info</structname> descriptors which
are usually provided by board-specific initialization code.
A <structname>struct spi_driver</structname> is called a
"Protocol Driver", and is bound to a spi_device using normal
driver model calls.
</para>
<para>
The I/O model is a set of queued messages. Protocol drivers
submit one or more <structname>struct spi_message</structname>
objects, which are processed and completed asynchronously.
(There are synchronous wrappers, however.) Messages are
built from one or more <structname>struct spi_transfer</structname>
objects, each of which wraps a full duplex SPI transfer.
A variety of protocol tweaking options are needed, because
different chips adopt very different policies for how they
use the bits transferred with SPI.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/spi/spi.h
!Fdrivers/spi/spi.c spi_register_board_info
!Edrivers/spi/spi.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="i2c">
<title>I<superscript>2</superscript>C and SMBus Subsystem</title>
<para>
I<superscript>2</superscript>C (or without fancy typography, "I2C")
is an acronym for the "Inter-IC" bus, a simple bus protocol which is
widely used where low data rate communications suffice.
Since it's also a licensed trademark, some vendors use another
name (such as "Two-Wire Interface", TWI) for the same bus.
I2C only needs two signals (SCL for clock, SDA for data), conserving
board real estate and minimizing signal quality issues.
Most I2C devices use seven bit addresses, and bus speeds of up
to 400 kHz; there's a high speed extension (3.4 MHz) that's not yet
found wide use.
I2C is a multi-master bus; open drain signaling is used to
arbitrate between masters, as well as to handshake and to
synchronize clocks from slower clients.
</para>
<para>
The Linux I2C programming interfaces support only the master
side of bus interactions, not the slave side.
The programming interface is structured around two kinds of driver,
and two kinds of device.
An I2C "Adapter Driver" abstracts the controller hardware; it binds
to a physical device (perhaps a PCI device or platform_device) and
exposes a <structname>struct i2c_adapter</structname> representing
each I2C bus segment it manages.
On each I2C bus segment will be I2C devices represented by a
<structname>struct i2c_client</structname>. Those devices will
be bound to a <structname>struct i2c_driver</structname>,
which should follow the standard Linux driver model.
(At this writing, a legacy model is more widely used.)
There are functions to perform various I2C protocol operations; at
this writing all such functions are usable only from task context.
</para>
<para>
The System Management Bus (SMBus) is a sibling protocol. Most SMBus
systems are also I2C conformant. The electrical constraints are
tighter for SMBus, and it standardizes particular protocol messages
and idioms. Controllers that support I2C can also support most
SMBus operations, but SMBus controllers don't support all the protocol
options that an I2C controller will.
There are functions to perform various SMBus protocol operations,
either using I2C primitives or by issuing SMBus commands to
i2c_adapter devices which don't support those I2C operations.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/i2c.h
!Fdrivers/i2c/i2c-boardinfo.c i2c_register_board_info
!Edrivers/i2c/i2c-core.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="hsi">
<title>High Speed Synchronous Serial Interface (HSI)</title>
<para>
High Speed Synchronous Serial Interface (HSI) is a
serial interface mainly used for connecting application
engines (APE) with cellular modem engines (CMT) in cellular
handsets.
HSI provides multiplexing for up to 16 logical channels,
low-latency and full duplex communication.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/hsi/hsi.h
!Edrivers/hsi/hsi.c
</chapter>
</book>

323
Documentation/DocBook/deviceiobook.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="DoingIO">
<bookinfo>
<title>Bus-Independent Device Accesses</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Matthew</firstname>
<surname>Wilcox</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>matthew@wil.cx</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Alan</firstname>
<surname>Cox</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2001</year>
<holder>Matthew Wilcox</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
</para>
<para>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
Linux provides an API which abstracts performing IO across all busses
and devices, allowing device drivers to be written independently of
bus type.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="bugs">
<title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
<para>
None.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="mmio">
<title>Memory Mapped IO</title>
<sect1 id="getting_access_to_the_device">
<title>Getting Access to the Device</title>
<para>
The most widely supported form of IO is memory mapped IO.
That is, a part of the CPU's address space is interpreted
not as accesses to memory, but as accesses to a device. Some
architectures define devices to be at a fixed address, but most
have some method of discovering devices. The PCI bus walk is a
good example of such a scheme. This document does not cover how
to receive such an address, but assumes you are starting with one.
Physical addresses are of type unsigned long.
</para>
<para>
This address should not be used directly. Instead, to get an
address suitable for passing to the accessor functions described
below, you should call <function>ioremap</function>.
An address suitable for accessing the device will be returned to you.
</para>
<para>
After you've finished using the device (say, in your module's
exit routine), call <function>iounmap</function> in order to return
the address space to the kernel. Most architectures allocate new
address space each time you call <function>ioremap</function>, and
they can run out unless you call <function>iounmap</function>.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="accessing_the_device">
<title>Accessing the device</title>
<para>
The part of the interface most used by drivers is reading and
writing memory-mapped registers on the device. Linux provides
interfaces to read and write 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit
quantities. Due to a historical accident, these are named byte,
word, long and quad accesses. Both read and write accesses are
supported; there is no prefetch support at this time.
</para>
<para>
The functions are named <function>readb</function>,
<function>readw</function>, <function>readl</function>,
<function>readq</function>, <function>readb_relaxed</function>,
<function>readw_relaxed</function>, <function>readl_relaxed</function>,
<function>readq_relaxed</function>, <function>writeb</function>,
<function>writew</function>, <function>writel</function> and
<function>writeq</function>.
</para>
<para>
Some devices (such as framebuffers) would like to use larger
transfers than 8 bytes at a time. For these devices, the
<function>memcpy_toio</function>, <function>memcpy_fromio</function>
and <function>memset_io</function> functions are provided.
Do not use memset or memcpy on IO addresses; they
are not guaranteed to copy data in order.
</para>
<para>
The read and write functions are defined to be ordered. That is the
compiler is not permitted to reorder the I/O sequence. When the
ordering can be compiler optimised, you can use <function>
__readb</function> and friends to indicate the relaxed ordering. Use
this with care.
</para>
<para>
While the basic functions are defined to be synchronous with respect
to each other and ordered with respect to each other the busses the
devices sit on may themselves have asynchronicity. In particular many
authors are burned by the fact that PCI bus writes are posted
asynchronously. A driver author must issue a read from the same
device to ensure that writes have occurred in the specific cases the
author cares. This kind of property cannot be hidden from driver
writers in the API. In some cases, the read used to flush the device
may be expected to fail (if the card is resetting, for example). In
that case, the read should be done from config space, which is
guaranteed to soft-fail if the card doesn't respond.
</para>
<para>
The following is an example of flushing a write to a device when
the driver would like to ensure the write's effects are visible prior
to continuing execution.
</para>
<programlisting>
static inline void
qla1280_disable_intrs(struct scsi_qla_host *ha)
{
struct device_reg *reg;
reg = ha->iobase;
/* disable risc and host interrupts */
WRT_REG_WORD(&amp;reg->ictrl, 0);
/*
* The following read will ensure that the above write
* has been received by the device before we return from this
* function.
*/
RD_REG_WORD(&amp;reg->ictrl);
ha->flags.ints_enabled = 0;
}
</programlisting>
<para>
In addition to write posting, on some large multiprocessing systems
(e.g. SGI Challenge, Origin and Altix machines) posted writes won't
be strongly ordered coming from different CPUs. Thus it's important
to properly protect parts of your driver that do memory-mapped writes
with locks and use the <function>mmiowb</function> to make sure they
arrive in the order intended. Issuing a regular <function>readX
</function> will also ensure write ordering, but should only be used
when the driver has to be sure that the write has actually arrived
at the device (not that it's simply ordered with respect to other
writes), since a full <function>readX</function> is a relatively
expensive operation.
</para>
<para>
Generally, one should use <function>mmiowb</function> prior to
releasing a spinlock that protects regions using <function>writeb
</function> or similar functions that aren't surrounded by <function>
readb</function> calls, which will ensure ordering and flushing. The
following pseudocode illustrates what might occur if write ordering
isn't guaranteed via <function>mmiowb</function> or one of the
<function>readX</function> functions.
</para>
<programlisting>
CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
CPU A: ...
CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
...
CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
CPU B: ...
CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
</programlisting>
<para>
In the case above, newval2 could be written to ring_ptr before
newval. Fixing it is easy though:
</para>
<programlisting>
CPU A: spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
CPU A: ...
CPU A: writel(newval, ring_ptr);
CPU A: mmiowb(); /* ensure no other writes beat us to the device */
CPU A: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
...
CPU B: spin_lock_irqsave(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
CPU B: writel(newval2, ring_ptr);
CPU B: ...
CPU B: mmiowb();
CPU B: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&amp;dev_lock, flags)
</programlisting>
<para>
See tg3.c for a real world example of how to use <function>mmiowb
</function>
</para>
<para>
PCI ordering rules also guarantee that PIO read responses arrive
after any outstanding DMA writes from that bus, since for some devices
the result of a <function>readb</function> call may signal to the
driver that a DMA transaction is complete. In many cases, however,
the driver may want to indicate that the next
<function>readb</function> call has no relation to any previous DMA
writes performed by the device. The driver can use
<function>readb_relaxed</function> for these cases, although only
some platforms will honor the relaxed semantics. Using the relaxed
read functions will provide significant performance benefits on
platforms that support it. The qla2xxx driver provides examples
of how to use <function>readX_relaxed</function>. In many cases,
a majority of the driver's <function>readX</function> calls can
safely be converted to <function>readX_relaxed</function> calls, since
only a few will indicate or depend on DMA completion.
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="port_space_accesses">
<title>Port Space Accesses</title>
<sect1 id="port_space_explained">
<title>Port Space Explained</title>
<para>
Another form of IO commonly supported is Port Space. This is a
range of addresses separate to the normal memory address space.
Access to these addresses is generally not as fast as accesses
to the memory mapped addresses, and it also has a potentially
smaller address space.
</para>
<para>
Unlike memory mapped IO, no preparation is required
to access port space.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="accessing_port_space">
<title>Accessing Port Space</title>
<para>
Accesses to this space are provided through a set of functions
which allow 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit accesses; also
known as byte, word and long. These functions are
<function>inb</function>, <function>inw</function>,
<function>inl</function>, <function>outb</function>,
<function>outw</function> and <function>outl</function>.
</para>
<para>
Some variants are provided for these functions. Some devices
require that accesses to their ports are slowed down. This
functionality is provided by appending a <function>_p</function>
to the end of the function. There are also equivalents to memcpy.
The <function>ins</function> and <function>outs</function>
functions copy bytes, words or longs to the given port.
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="pubfunctions">
<title>Public Functions Provided</title>
!Iarch/x86/include/asm/io.h
!Elib/pci_iomap.c
</chapter>
</book>

3936
Documentation/DocBook/drm.tmpl Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

425
Documentation/DocBook/filesystems.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="Linux-filesystems-API">
<bookinfo>
<title>Linux Filesystems API</title>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
</para>
<para>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="vfs">
<title>The Linux VFS</title>
<sect1 id="the_filesystem_types"><title>The Filesystem types</title>
!Iinclude/linux/fs.h
</sect1>
<sect1 id="the_directory_cache"><title>The Directory Cache</title>
!Efs/dcache.c
!Iinclude/linux/dcache.h
</sect1>
<sect1 id="inode_handling"><title>Inode Handling</title>
!Efs/inode.c
!Efs/bad_inode.c
</sect1>
<sect1 id="registration_and_superblocks"><title>Registration and Superblocks</title>
!Efs/super.c
</sect1>
<sect1 id="file_locks"><title>File Locks</title>
!Efs/locks.c
!Ifs/locks.c
</sect1>
<sect1 id="other_functions"><title>Other Functions</title>
!Efs/mpage.c
!Efs/namei.c
!Efs/buffer.c
!Eblock/bio.c
!Efs/seq_file.c
!Efs/filesystems.c
!Efs/fs-writeback.c
!Efs/block_dev.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="proc">
<title>The proc filesystem</title>
<sect1 id="sysctl_interface"><title>sysctl interface</title>
!Ekernel/sysctl.c
</sect1>
<sect1 id="proc_filesystem_interface"><title>proc filesystem interface</title>
!Ifs/proc/base.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="fs_events">
<title>Events based on file descriptors</title>
!Efs/eventfd.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="sysfs">
<title>The Filesystem for Exporting Kernel Objects</title>
!Efs/sysfs/file.c
!Efs/sysfs/symlink.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="debugfs">
<title>The debugfs filesystem</title>
<sect1 id="debugfs_interface"><title>debugfs interface</title>
!Efs/debugfs/inode.c
!Efs/debugfs/file.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="LinuxJDBAPI">
<chapterinfo>
<title>The Linux Journalling API</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Roger</firstname>
<surname>Gammans</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>rgammans@computer-surgery.co.uk</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Stephen</firstname>
<surname>Tweedie</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>sct@redhat.com</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2002</year>
<holder>Roger Gammans</holder>
</copyright>
</chapterinfo>
<title>The Linux Journalling API</title>
<sect1 id="journaling_overview">
<title>Overview</title>
<sect2 id="journaling_details">
<title>Details</title>
<para>
The journalling layer is easy to use. You need to
first of all create a journal_t data structure. There are
two calls to do this dependent on how you decide to allocate the physical
media on which the journal resides. The journal_init_inode() call
is for journals stored in filesystem inodes, or the journal_init_dev()
call can be use for journal stored on a raw device (in a continuous range
of blocks). A journal_t is a typedef for a struct pointer, so when
you are finally finished make sure you call journal_destroy() on it
to free up any used kernel memory.
</para>
<para>
Once you have got your journal_t object you need to 'mount' or load the journal
file, unless of course you haven't initialised it yet - in which case you
need to call journal_create().
</para>
<para>
Most of the time however your journal file will already have been created, but
before you load it you must call journal_wipe() to empty the journal file.
Hang on, you say , what if the filesystem wasn't cleanly umount()'d . Well, it is the
job of the client file system to detect this and skip the call to journal_wipe().
</para>
<para>
In either case the next call should be to journal_load() which prepares the
journal file for use. Note that journal_wipe(..,0) calls journal_skip_recovery()
for you if it detects any outstanding transactions in the journal and similarly
journal_load() will call journal_recover() if necessary.
I would advise reading fs/ext3/super.c for examples on this stage.
[RGG: Why is the journal_wipe() call necessary - doesn't this needlessly
complicate the API. Or isn't a good idea for the journal layer to hide
dirty mounts from the client fs]
</para>
<para>
Now you can go ahead and start modifying the underlying
filesystem. Almost.
</para>
<para>
You still need to actually journal your filesystem changes, this
is done by wrapping them into transactions. Additionally you
also need to wrap the modification of each of the buffers
with calls to the journal layer, so it knows what the modifications
you are actually making are. To do this use journal_start() which
returns a transaction handle.
</para>
<para>
journal_start()
and its counterpart journal_stop(), which indicates the end of a transaction
are nestable calls, so you can reenter a transaction if necessary,
but remember you must call journal_stop() the same number of times as
journal_start() before the transaction is completed (or more accurately
leaves the update phase). Ext3/VFS makes use of this feature to simplify
quota support.
</para>
<para>
Inside each transaction you need to wrap the modifications to the
individual buffers (blocks). Before you start to modify a buffer you
need to call journal_get_{create,write,undo}_access() as appropriate,
this allows the journalling layer to copy the unmodified data if it
needs to. After all the buffer may be part of a previously uncommitted
transaction.
At this point you are at last ready to modify a buffer, and once
you are have done so you need to call journal_dirty_{meta,}data().
Or if you've asked for access to a buffer you now know is now longer
required to be pushed back on the device you can call journal_forget()
in much the same way as you might have used bforget() in the past.
</para>
<para>
A journal_flush() may be called at any time to commit and checkpoint
all your transactions.
</para>
<para>
Then at umount time , in your put_super() you can then call journal_destroy()
to clean up your in-core journal object.
</para>
<para>
Unfortunately there a couple of ways the journal layer can cause a deadlock.
The first thing to note is that each task can only have
a single outstanding transaction at any one time, remember nothing
commits until the outermost journal_stop(). This means
you must complete the transaction at the end of each file/inode/address
etc. operation you perform, so that the journalling system isn't re-entered
on another journal. Since transactions can't be nested/batched
across differing journals, and another filesystem other than
yours (say ext3) may be modified in a later syscall.
</para>
<para>
The second case to bear in mind is that journal_start() can
block if there isn't enough space in the journal for your transaction
(based on the passed nblocks param) - when it blocks it merely(!) needs to
wait for transactions to complete and be committed from other tasks,
so essentially we are waiting for journal_stop(). So to avoid
deadlocks you must treat journal_start/stop() as if they
were semaphores and include them in your semaphore ordering rules to prevent
deadlocks. Note that journal_extend() has similar blocking behaviour to
journal_start() so you can deadlock here just as easily as on journal_start().
</para>
<para>
Try to reserve the right number of blocks the first time. ;-). This will
be the maximum number of blocks you are going to touch in this transaction.
I advise having a look at at least ext3_jbd.h to see the basis on which
ext3 uses to make these decisions.
</para>
<para>
Another wriggle to watch out for is your on-disk block allocation strategy.
why? Because, if you undo a delete, you need to ensure you haven't reused any
of the freed blocks in a later transaction. One simple way of doing this
is make sure any blocks you allocate only have checkpointed transactions
listed against them. Ext3 does this in ext3_test_allocatable().
</para>
<para>
Lock is also providing through journal_{un,}lock_updates(),
ext3 uses this when it wants a window with a clean and stable fs for a moment.
eg.
</para>
<programlisting>
journal_lock_updates() //stop new stuff happening..
journal_flush() // checkpoint everything.
..do stuff on stable fs
journal_unlock_updates() // carry on with filesystem use.
</programlisting>
<para>
The opportunities for abuse and DOS attacks with this should be obvious,
if you allow unprivileged userspace to trigger codepaths containing these
calls.
</para>
<para>
A new feature of jbd since 2.5.25 is commit callbacks with the new
journal_callback_set() function you can now ask the journalling layer
to call you back when the transaction is finally committed to disk, so that
you can do some of your own management. The key to this is the journal_callback
struct, this maintains the internal callback information but you can
extend it like this:-
</para>
<programlisting>
struct myfs_callback_s {
//Data structure element required by jbd..
struct journal_callback for_jbd;
// Stuff for myfs allocated together.
myfs_inode* i_commited;
}
</programlisting>
<para>
this would be useful if you needed to know when data was committed to a
particular inode.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="jbd_summary">
<title>Summary</title>
<para>
Using the journal is a matter of wrapping the different context changes,
being each mount, each modification (transaction) and each changed buffer
to tell the journalling layer about them.
</para>
<para>
Here is a some pseudo code to give you an idea of how it works, as
an example.
</para>
<programlisting>
journal_t* my_jnrl = journal_create();
journal_init_{dev,inode}(jnrl,...)
if (clean) journal_wipe();
journal_load();
foreach(transaction) { /*transactions must be
completed before
a syscall returns to
userspace*/
handle_t * xct=journal_start(my_jnrl);
foreach(bh) {
journal_get_{create,write,undo}_access(xact,bh);
if ( myfs_modify(bh) ) { /* returns true
if makes changes */
journal_dirty_{meta,}data(xact,bh);
} else {
journal_forget(bh);
}
}
journal_stop(xct);
}
journal_destroy(my_jrnl);
</programlisting>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="data_types">
<title>Data Types</title>
<para>
The journalling layer uses typedefs to 'hide' the concrete definitions
of the structures used. As a client of the JBD layer you can
just rely on the using the pointer as a magic cookie of some sort.
Obviously the hiding is not enforced as this is 'C'.
</para>
<sect2 id="structures"><title>Structures</title>
!Iinclude/linux/jbd.h
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="functions">
<title>Functions</title>
<para>
The functions here are split into two groups those that
affect a journal as a whole, and those which are used to
manage transactions
</para>
<sect2 id="journal_level"><title>Journal Level</title>
!Efs/jbd/journal.c
!Ifs/jbd/recovery.c
</sect2>
<sect2 id="transaction_level"><title>Transasction Level</title>
!Efs/jbd/transaction.c
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="see_also">
<title>See also</title>
<para>
<citation>
<ulink url="http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/sct/ext3/journal-design.ps.gz">
Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem, LinuxExpo 98, Stephen Tweedie
</ulink>
</citation>
</para>
<para>
<citation>
<ulink url="http://olstrans.sourceforge.net/release/OLS2000-ext3/OLS2000-ext3.html">
Ext3 Journalling FileSystem, OLS 2000, Dr. Stephen Tweedie
</ulink>
</citation>
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="splice">
<title>splice API</title>
<para>
splice is a method for moving blocks of data around inside the
kernel, without continually transferring them between the kernel
and user space.
</para>
!Ffs/splice.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="pipes">
<title>pipes API</title>
<para>
Pipe interfaces are all for in-kernel (builtin image) use.
They are not exported for use by modules.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/pipe_fs_i.h
!Ffs/pipe.c
</chapter>
</book>

793
Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,793 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="USB-Gadget-API">
<bookinfo>
<title>USB Gadget API for Linux</title>
<date>20 August 2004</date>
<edition>20 August 2004</edition>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
</para>
<para>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
<copyright>
<year>2003-2004</year>
<holder>David Brownell</holder>
</copyright>
<author>
<firstname>David</firstname>
<surname>Brownell</surname>
<affiliation>
<address><email>dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="intro"><title>Introduction</title>
<para>This document presents a Linux-USB "Gadget"
kernel mode
API, for use within peripherals and other USB devices
that embed Linux.
It provides an overview of the API structure,
and shows how that fits into a system development project.
This is the first such API released on Linux to address
a number of important problems, including: </para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Supports USB 2.0, for high speed devices which
can stream data at several dozen megabytes per second.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Handles devices with dozens of endpoints just as
well as ones with just two fixed-function ones. Gadget drivers
can be written so they're easy to port to new hardware.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Flexible enough to expose more complex USB device
capabilities such as multiple configurations, multiple interfaces,
composite devices,
and alternate interface settings.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>USB "On-The-Go" (OTG) support, in conjunction
with updates to the Linux-USB host side.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Sharing data structures and API models with the
Linux-USB host side API. This helps the OTG support, and
looks forward to more-symmetric frameworks (where the same
I/O model is used by both host and device side drivers).
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Minimalist, so it's easier to support new device
controller hardware. I/O processing doesn't imply large
demands for memory or CPU resources.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Most Linux developers will not be able to use this API, since they
have USB "host" hardware in a PC, workstation, or server.
Linux users with embedded systems are more likely to
have USB peripheral hardware.
To distinguish drivers running inside such hardware from the
more familiar Linux "USB device drivers",
which are host side proxies for the real USB devices,
a different term is used:
the drivers inside the peripherals are "USB gadget drivers".
In USB protocol interactions, the device driver is the master
(or "client driver")
and the gadget driver is the slave (or "function driver").
</para>
<para>The gadget API resembles the host side Linux-USB API in that both
use queues of request objects to package I/O buffers, and those requests
may be submitted or canceled.
They share common definitions for the standard USB
<emphasis>Chapter 9</emphasis> messages, structures, and constants.
Also, both APIs bind and unbind drivers to devices.
The APIs differ in detail, since the host side's current
URB framework exposes a number of implementation details
and assumptions that are inappropriate for a gadget API.
While the model for control transfers and configuration
management is necessarily different (one side is a hardware-neutral master,
the other is a hardware-aware slave), the endpoint I/0 API used here
should also be usable for an overhead-reduced host side API.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="structure"><title>Structure of Gadget Drivers</title>
<para>A system running inside a USB peripheral
normally has at least three layers inside the kernel to handle
USB protocol processing, and may have additional layers in
user space code.
The "gadget" API is used by the middle layer to interact
with the lowest level (which directly handles hardware).
</para>
<para>In Linux, from the bottom up, these layers are:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>USB Controller Driver</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>This is the lowest software level.
It is the only layer that talks to hardware,
through registers, fifos, dma, irqs, and the like.
The <filename>&lt;linux/usb/gadget.h&gt;</filename> API abstracts
the peripheral controller endpoint hardware.
That hardware is exposed through endpoint objects, which accept
streams of IN/OUT buffers, and through callbacks that interact
with gadget drivers.
Since normal USB devices only have one upstream
port, they only have one of these drivers.
The controller driver can support any number of different
gadget drivers, but only one of them can be used at a time.
</para>
<para>Examples of such controller hardware include
the PCI-based NetChip 2280 USB 2.0 high speed controller,
the SA-11x0 or PXA-25x UDC (found within many PDAs),
and a variety of other products.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Gadget Driver</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>The lower boundary of this driver implements hardware-neutral
USB functions, using calls to the controller driver.
Because such hardware varies widely in capabilities and restrictions,
and is used in embedded environments where space is at a premium,
the gadget driver is often configured at compile time
to work with endpoints supported by one particular controller.
Gadget drivers may be portable to several different controllers,
using conditional compilation.
(Recent kernels substantially simplify the work involved in
supporting new hardware, by <emphasis>autoconfiguring</emphasis>
endpoints automatically for many bulk-oriented drivers.)
Gadget driver responsibilities include:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>handling setup requests (ep0 protocol responses)
possibly including class-specific functionality
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>returning configuration and string descriptors
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>(re)setting configurations and interface
altsettings, including enabling and configuring endpoints
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>handling life cycle events, such as managing
bindings to hardware,
USB suspend/resume, remote wakeup,
and disconnection from the USB host.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>managing IN and OUT transfers on all currently
enabled endpoints
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
Such drivers may be modules of proprietary code, although
that approach is discouraged in the Linux community.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Upper Level</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Most gadget drivers have an upper boundary that connects
to some Linux driver or framework in Linux.
Through that boundary flows the data which the gadget driver
produces and/or consumes through protocol transfers over USB.
Examples include:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>user mode code, using generic (gadgetfs)
or application specific files in
<filename>/dev</filename>
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>networking subsystem (for network gadgets,
like the CDC Ethernet Model gadget driver)
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>data capture drivers, perhaps video4Linux or
a scanner driver; or test and measurement hardware.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>input subsystem (for HID gadgets)
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>sound subsystem (for audio gadgets)
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>file system (for PTP gadgets)
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>block i/o subsystem (for usb-storage gadgets)
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>... and more </para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem></varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Additional Layers</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Other layers may exist.
These could include kernel layers, such as network protocol stacks,
as well as user mode applications building on standard POSIX
system call APIs such as
<emphasis>open()</emphasis>, <emphasis>close()</emphasis>,
<emphasis>read()</emphasis> and <emphasis>write()</emphasis>.
On newer systems, POSIX Async I/O calls may be an option.
Such user mode code will not necessarily be subject to
the GNU General Public License (GPL).
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>OTG-capable systems will also need to include a standard Linux-USB
host side stack,
with <emphasis>usbcore</emphasis>,
one or more <emphasis>Host Controller Drivers</emphasis> (HCDs),
<emphasis>USB Device Drivers</emphasis> to support
the OTG "Targeted Peripheral List",
and so forth.
There will also be an <emphasis>OTG Controller Driver</emphasis>,
which is visible to gadget and device driver developers only indirectly.
That helps the host and device side USB controllers implement the
two new OTG protocols (HNP and SRP).
Roles switch (host to peripheral, or vice versa) using HNP
during USB suspend processing, and SRP can be viewed as a
more battery-friendly kind of device wakeup protocol.
</para>
<para>Over time, reusable utilities are evolving to help make some
gadget driver tasks simpler.
For example, building configuration descriptors from vectors of
descriptors for the configurations interfaces and endpoints is
now automated, and many drivers now use autoconfiguration to
choose hardware endpoints and initialize their descriptors.
A potential example of particular interest
is code implementing standard USB-IF protocols for
HID, networking, storage, or audio classes.
Some developers are interested in KDB or KGDB hooks, to let
target hardware be remotely debugged.
Most such USB protocol code doesn't need to be hardware-specific,
any more than network protocols like X11, HTTP, or NFS are.
Such gadget-side interface drivers should eventually be combined,
to implement composite devices.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="api"><title>Kernel Mode Gadget API</title>
<para>Gadget drivers declare themselves through a
<emphasis>struct usb_gadget_driver</emphasis>, which is responsible for
most parts of enumeration for a <emphasis>struct usb_gadget</emphasis>.
The response to a set_configuration usually involves
enabling one or more of the <emphasis>struct usb_ep</emphasis> objects
exposed by the gadget, and submitting one or more
<emphasis>struct usb_request</emphasis> buffers to transfer data.
Understand those four data types, and their operations, and
you will understand how this API works.
</para>
<note><title>Incomplete Data Type Descriptions</title>
<para>This documentation was prepared using the standard Linux
kernel <filename>docproc</filename> tool, which turns text
and in-code comments into SGML DocBook and then into usable
formats such as HTML or PDF.
Other than the "Chapter 9" data types, most of the significant
data types and functions are described here.
</para>
<para>However, docproc does not understand all the C constructs
that are used, so some relevant information is likely omitted from
what you are reading.
One example of such information is endpoint autoconfiguration.
You'll have to read the header file, and use example source
code (such as that for "Gadget Zero"), to fully understand the API.
</para>
<para>The part of the API implementing some basic
driver capabilities is specific to the version of the
Linux kernel that's in use.
The 2.6 kernel includes a <emphasis>driver model</emphasis>
framework that has no analogue on earlier kernels;
so those parts of the gadget API are not fully portable.
(They are implemented on 2.4 kernels, but in a different way.)
The driver model state is another part of this API that is
ignored by the kerneldoc tools.
</para>
</note>
<para>The core API does not expose
every possible hardware feature, only the most widely available ones.
There are significant hardware features, such as device-to-device DMA
(without temporary storage in a memory buffer)
that would be added using hardware-specific APIs.
</para>
<para>This API allows drivers to use conditional compilation to handle
endpoint capabilities of different hardware, but doesn't require that.
Hardware tends to have arbitrary restrictions, relating to
transfer types, addressing, packet sizes, buffering, and availability.
As a rule, such differences only matter for "endpoint zero" logic
that handles device configuration and management.
The API supports limited run-time
detection of capabilities, through naming conventions for endpoints.
Many drivers will be able to at least partially autoconfigure
themselves.
In particular, driver init sections will often have endpoint
autoconfiguration logic that scans the hardware's list of endpoints
to find ones matching the driver requirements
(relying on those conventions), to eliminate some of the most
common reasons for conditional compilation.
</para>
<para>Like the Linux-USB host side API, this API exposes
the "chunky" nature of USB messages: I/O requests are in terms
of one or more "packets", and packet boundaries are visible to drivers.
Compared to RS-232 serial protocols, USB resembles
synchronous protocols like HDLC
(N bytes per frame, multipoint addressing, host as the primary
station and devices as secondary stations)
more than asynchronous ones
(tty style: 8 data bits per frame, no parity, one stop bit).
So for example the controller drivers won't buffer
two single byte writes into a single two-byte USB IN packet,
although gadget drivers may do so when they implement
protocols where packet boundaries (and "short packets")
are not significant.
</para>
<sect1 id="lifecycle"><title>Driver Life Cycle</title>
<para>Gadget drivers make endpoint I/O requests to hardware without
needing to know many details of the hardware, but driver
setup/configuration code needs to handle some differences.
Use the API like this:
</para>
<orderedlist numeration='arabic'>
<listitem><para>Register a driver for the particular device side
usb controller hardware,
such as the net2280 on PCI (USB 2.0),
sa11x0 or pxa25x as found in Linux PDAs,
and so on.
At this point the device is logically in the USB ch9 initial state
("attached"), drawing no power and not usable
(since it does not yet support enumeration).
Any host should not see the device, since it's not
activated the data line pullup used by the host to
detect a device, even if VBUS power is available.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Register a gadget driver that implements some higher level
device function. That will then bind() to a usb_gadget, which
activates the data line pullup sometime after detecting VBUS.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The hardware driver can now start enumerating.
The steps it handles are to accept USB power and set_address requests.
Other steps are handled by the gadget driver.
If the gadget driver module is unloaded before the host starts to
enumerate, steps before step 7 are skipped.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The gadget driver's setup() call returns usb descriptors,
based both on what the bus interface hardware provides and on the
functionality being implemented.
That can involve alternate settings or configurations,
unless the hardware prevents such operation.
For OTG devices, each configuration descriptor includes
an OTG descriptor.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The gadget driver handles the last step of enumeration,
when the USB host issues a set_configuration call.
It enables all endpoints used in that configuration,
with all interfaces in their default settings.
That involves using a list of the hardware's endpoints, enabling each
endpoint according to its descriptor.
It may also involve using <function>usb_gadget_vbus_draw</function>
to let more power be drawn from VBUS, as allowed by that configuration.
For OTG devices, setting a configuration may also involve reporting
HNP capabilities through a user interface.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Do real work and perform data transfers, possibly involving
changes to interface settings or switching to new configurations, until the
device is disconnect()ed from the host.
Queue any number of transfer requests to each endpoint.
It may be suspended and resumed several times before being disconnected.
On disconnect, the drivers go back to step 3 (above).
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>When the gadget driver module is being unloaded,
the driver unbind() callback is issued. That lets the controller
driver be unloaded.
</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>Drivers will normally be arranged so that just loading the
gadget driver module (or statically linking it into a Linux kernel)
allows the peripheral device to be enumerated, but some drivers
will defer enumeration until some higher level component (like
a user mode daemon) enables it.
Note that at this lowest level there are no policies about how
ep0 configuration logic is implemented,
except that it should obey USB specifications.
Such issues are in the domain of gadget drivers,
including knowing about implementation constraints
imposed by some USB controllers
or understanding that composite devices might happen to
be built by integrating reusable components.
</para>
<para>Note that the lifecycle above can be slightly different
for OTG devices.
Other than providing an additional OTG descriptor in each
configuration, only the HNP-related differences are particularly
visible to driver code.
They involve reporting requirements during the SET_CONFIGURATION
request, and the option to invoke HNP during some suspend callbacks.
Also, SRP changes the semantics of
<function>usb_gadget_wakeup</function>
slightly.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="ch9"><title>USB 2.0 Chapter 9 Types and Constants</title>
<para>Gadget drivers
rely on common USB structures and constants
defined in the
<filename>&lt;linux/usb/ch9.h&gt;</filename>
header file, which is standard in Linux 2.6 kernels.
These are the same types and constants used by host
side drivers (and usbcore).
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/usb/ch9.h
</sect1>
<sect1 id="core"><title>Core Objects and Methods</title>
<para>These are declared in
<filename>&lt;linux/usb/gadget.h&gt;</filename>,
and are used by gadget drivers to interact with
USB peripheral controller drivers.
</para>
<!-- yeech, this is ugly in nsgmls PDF output.
the PDF bookmark and refentry output nesting is wrong,
and the member/argument documentation indents ugly.
plus something (docproc?) adds whitespace before the
descriptive paragraph text, so it can't line up right
unless the explanations are trivial.
-->
!Iinclude/linux/usb/gadget.h
</sect1>
<sect1 id="utils"><title>Optional Utilities</title>
<para>The core API is sufficient for writing a USB Gadget Driver,
but some optional utilities are provided to simplify common tasks.
These utilities include endpoint autoconfiguration.
</para>
!Edrivers/usb/gadget/usbstring.c
!Edrivers/usb/gadget/config.c
<!-- !Edrivers/usb/gadget/epautoconf.c -->
</sect1>
<sect1 id="composite"><title>Composite Device Framework</title>
<para>The core API is sufficient for writing drivers for composite
USB devices (with more than one function in a given configuration),
and also multi-configuration devices (also more than one function,
but not necessarily sharing a given configuration).
There is however an optional framework which makes it easier to
reuse and combine functions.
</para>
<para>Devices using this framework provide a <emphasis>struct
usb_composite_driver</emphasis>, which in turn provides one or
more <emphasis>struct usb_configuration</emphasis> instances.
Each such configuration includes at least one
<emphasis>struct usb_function</emphasis>, which packages a user
visible role such as "network link" or "mass storage device".
Management functions may also exist, such as "Device Firmware
Upgrade".
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/usb/composite.h
!Edrivers/usb/gadget/composite.c
</sect1>
<sect1 id="functions"><title>Composite Device Functions</title>
<para>At this writing, a few of the current gadget drivers have
been converted to this framework.
Near-term plans include converting all of them, except for "gadgetfs".
</para>
!Edrivers/usb/gadget/function/f_acm.c
!Edrivers/usb/gadget/function/f_ecm.c
!Edrivers/usb/gadget/function/f_subset.c
!Edrivers/usb/gadget/function/f_obex.c
!Edrivers/usb/gadget/function/f_serial.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="controllers"><title>Peripheral Controller Drivers</title>
<para>The first hardware supporting this API was the NetChip 2280
controller, which supports USB 2.0 high speed and is based on PCI.
This is the <filename>net2280</filename> driver module.
The driver supports Linux kernel versions 2.4 and 2.6;
contact NetChip Technologies for development boards and product
information.
</para>
<para>Other hardware working in the "gadget" framework includes:
Intel's PXA 25x and IXP42x series processors
(<filename>pxa2xx_udc</filename>),
Toshiba TC86c001 "Goku-S" (<filename>goku_udc</filename>),
Renesas SH7705/7727 (<filename>sh_udc</filename>),
MediaQ 11xx (<filename>mq11xx_udc</filename>),
Hynix HMS30C7202 (<filename>h7202_udc</filename>),
National 9303/4 (<filename>n9604_udc</filename>),
Texas Instruments OMAP (<filename>omap_udc</filename>),
Sharp LH7A40x (<filename>lh7a40x_udc</filename>),
and more.
Most of those are full speed controllers.
</para>
<para>At this writing, there are people at work on drivers in
this framework for several other USB device controllers,
with plans to make many of them be widely available.
</para>
<!-- !Edrivers/usb/gadget/net2280.c -->
<para>A partial USB simulator,
the <filename>dummy_hcd</filename> driver, is available.
It can act like a net2280, a pxa25x, or an sa11x0 in terms
of available endpoints and device speeds; and it simulates
control, bulk, and to some extent interrupt transfers.
That lets you develop some parts of a gadget driver on a normal PC,
without any special hardware, and perhaps with the assistance
of tools such as GDB running with User Mode Linux.
At least one person has expressed interest in adapting that
approach, hooking it up to a simulator for a microcontroller.
Such simulators can help debug subsystems where the runtime hardware
is unfriendly to software development, or is not yet available.
</para>
<para>Support for other controllers is expected to be developed
and contributed
over time, as this driver framework evolves.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="gadget"><title>Gadget Drivers</title>
<para>In addition to <emphasis>Gadget Zero</emphasis>
(used primarily for testing and development with drivers
for usb controller hardware), other gadget drivers exist.
</para>
<para>There's an <emphasis>ethernet</emphasis> gadget
driver, which implements one of the most useful
<emphasis>Communications Device Class</emphasis> (CDC) models.
One of the standards for cable modem interoperability even
specifies the use of this ethernet model as one of two
mandatory options.
Gadgets using this code look to a USB host as if they're
an Ethernet adapter.
It provides access to a network where the gadget's CPU is one host,
which could easily be bridging, routing, or firewalling
access to other networks.
Since some hardware can't fully implement the CDC Ethernet
requirements, this driver also implements a "good parts only"
subset of CDC Ethernet.
(That subset doesn't advertise itself as CDC Ethernet,
to avoid creating problems.)
</para>
<para>Support for Microsoft's <emphasis>RNDIS</emphasis>
protocol has been contributed by Pengutronix and Auerswald GmbH.
This is like CDC Ethernet, but it runs on more slightly USB hardware
(but less than the CDC subset).
However, its main claim to fame is being able to connect directly to
recent versions of Windows, using drivers that Microsoft bundles
and supports, making it much simpler to network with Windows.
</para>
<para>There is also support for user mode gadget drivers,
using <emphasis>gadgetfs</emphasis>.
This provides a <emphasis>User Mode API</emphasis> that presents
each endpoint as a single file descriptor. I/O is done using
normal <emphasis>read()</emphasis> and <emphasis>read()</emphasis> calls.
Familiar tools like GDB and pthreads can be used to
develop and debug user mode drivers, so that once a robust
controller driver is available many applications for it
won't require new kernel mode software.
Linux 2.6 <emphasis>Async I/O (AIO)</emphasis>
support is available, so that user mode software
can stream data with only slightly more overhead
than a kernel driver.
</para>
<para>There's a USB Mass Storage class driver, which provides
a different solution for interoperability with systems such
as MS-Windows and MacOS.
That <emphasis>Mass Storage</emphasis> driver uses a
file or block device as backing store for a drive,
like the <filename>loop</filename> driver.
The USB host uses the BBB, CB, or CBI versions of the mass
storage class specification, using transparent SCSI commands
to access the data from the backing store.
</para>
<para>There's a "serial line" driver, useful for TTY style
operation over USB.
The latest version of that driver supports CDC ACM style
operation, like a USB modem, and so on most hardware it can
interoperate easily with MS-Windows.
One interesting use of that driver is in boot firmware (like a BIOS),
which can sometimes use that model with very small systems without
real serial lines.
</para>
<para>Support for other kinds of gadget is expected to
be developed and contributed
over time, as this driver framework evolves.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="otg"><title>USB On-The-GO (OTG)</title>
<para>USB OTG support on Linux 2.6 was initially developed
by Texas Instruments for
<ulink url="http://www.omap.com">OMAP</ulink> 16xx and 17xx
series processors.
Other OTG systems should work in similar ways, but the
hardware level details could be very different.
</para>
<para>Systems need specialized hardware support to implement OTG,
notably including a special <emphasis>Mini-AB</emphasis> jack
and associated transceiver to support <emphasis>Dual-Role</emphasis>
operation:
they can act either as a host, using the standard
Linux-USB host side driver stack,
or as a peripheral, using this "gadget" framework.
To do that, the system software relies on small additions
to those programming interfaces,
and on a new internal component (here called an "OTG Controller")
affecting which driver stack connects to the OTG port.
In each role, the system can re-use the existing pool of
hardware-neutral drivers, layered on top of the controller
driver interfaces (<emphasis>usb_bus</emphasis> or
<emphasis>usb_gadget</emphasis>).
Such drivers need at most minor changes, and most of the calls
added to support OTG can also benefit non-OTG products.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Gadget drivers test the <emphasis>is_otg</emphasis>
flag, and use it to determine whether or not to include
an OTG descriptor in each of their configurations.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Gadget drivers may need changes to support the
two new OTG protocols, exposed in new gadget attributes
such as <emphasis>b_hnp_enable</emphasis> flag.
HNP support should be reported through a user interface
(two LEDs could suffice), and is triggered in some cases
when the host suspends the peripheral.
SRP support can be user-initiated just like remote wakeup,
probably by pressing the same button.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>On the host side, USB device drivers need
to be taught to trigger HNP at appropriate moments, using
<function>usb_suspend_device()</function>.
That also conserves battery power, which is useful even
for non-OTG configurations.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Also on the host side, a driver must support the
OTG "Targeted Peripheral List". That's just a whitelist,
used to reject peripherals not supported with a given
Linux OTG host.
<emphasis>This whitelist is product-specific;
each product must modify <filename>otg_whitelist.h</filename>
to match its interoperability specification.
</emphasis>
</para>
<para>Non-OTG Linux hosts, like PCs and workstations,
normally have some solution for adding drivers, so that
peripherals that aren't recognized can eventually be supported.
That approach is unreasonable for consumer products that may
never have their firmware upgraded, and where it's usually
unrealistic to expect traditional PC/workstation/server kinds
of support model to work.
For example, it's often impractical to change device firmware
once the product has been distributed, so driver bugs can't
normally be fixed if they're found after shipment.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
Additional changes are needed below those hardware-neutral
<emphasis>usb_bus</emphasis> and <emphasis>usb_gadget</emphasis>
driver interfaces; those aren't discussed here in any detail.
Those affect the hardware-specific code for each USB Host or Peripheral
controller, and how the HCD initializes (since OTG can be active only
on a single port).
They also involve what may be called an <emphasis>OTG Controller
Driver</emphasis>, managing the OTG transceiver and the OTG state
machine logic as well as much of the root hub behavior for the
OTG port.
The OTG controller driver needs to activate and deactivate USB
controllers depending on the relevant device role.
Some related changes were needed inside usbcore, so that it
can identify OTG-capable devices and respond appropriately
to HNP or SRP protocols.
</para>
</chapter>
</book>
<!--
vim:syntax=sgml:sw=4
-->

520
Documentation/DocBook/genericirq.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="Generic-IRQ-Guide">
<bookinfo>
<title>Linux generic IRQ handling</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
<surname>Gleixner</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>tglx@linutronix.de</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Ingo</firstname>
<surname>Molnar</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>mingo@elte.hu</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2005-2010</year>
<holder>Thomas Gleixner</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright>
<year>2005-2006</year>
<holder>Ingo Molnar</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
</para>
<para>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
The generic interrupt handling layer is designed to provide a
complete abstraction of interrupt handling for device drivers.
It is able to handle all the different types of interrupt controller
hardware. Device drivers use generic API functions to request, enable,
disable and free interrupts. The drivers do not have to know anything
about interrupt hardware details, so they can be used on different
platforms without code changes.
</para>
<para>
This documentation is provided to developers who want to implement
an interrupt subsystem based for their architecture, with the help
of the generic IRQ handling layer.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="rationale">
<title>Rationale</title>
<para>
The original implementation of interrupt handling in Linux uses
the __do_IRQ() super-handler, which is able to deal with every
type of interrupt logic.
</para>
<para>
Originally, Russell King identified different types of handlers to
build a quite universal set for the ARM interrupt handler
implementation in Linux 2.5/2.6. He distinguished between:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Level type</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Edge type</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Simple type</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
During the implementation we identified another type:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Fast EOI type</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
In the SMP world of the __do_IRQ() super-handler another type
was identified:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Per CPU type</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
This split implementation of high-level IRQ handlers allows us to
optimize the flow of the interrupt handling for each specific
interrupt type. This reduces complexity in that particular code path
and allows the optimized handling of a given type.
</para>
<para>
The original general IRQ implementation used hw_interrupt_type
structures and their ->ack(), ->end() [etc.] callbacks to
differentiate the flow control in the super-handler. This leads to
a mix of flow logic and low-level hardware logic, and it also leads
to unnecessary code duplication: for example in i386, there is an
ioapic_level_irq and an ioapic_edge_irq IRQ-type which share many
of the low-level details but have different flow handling.
</para>
<para>
A more natural abstraction is the clean separation of the
'irq flow' and the 'chip details'.
</para>
<para>
Analysing a couple of architecture's IRQ subsystem implementations
reveals that most of them can use a generic set of 'irq flow'
methods and only need to add the chip-level specific code.
The separation is also valuable for (sub)architectures
which need specific quirks in the IRQ flow itself but not in the
chip details - and thus provides a more transparent IRQ subsystem
design.
</para>
<para>
Each interrupt descriptor is assigned its own high-level flow
handler, which is normally one of the generic
implementations. (This high-level flow handler implementation also
makes it simple to provide demultiplexing handlers which can be
found in embedded platforms on various architectures.)
</para>
<para>
The separation makes the generic interrupt handling layer more
flexible and extensible. For example, an (sub)architecture can
use a generic IRQ-flow implementation for 'level type' interrupts
and add a (sub)architecture specific 'edge type' implementation.
</para>
<para>
To make the transition to the new model easier and prevent the
breakage of existing implementations, the __do_IRQ() super-handler
is still available. This leads to a kind of duality for the time
being. Over time the new model should be used in more and more
architectures, as it enables smaller and cleaner IRQ subsystems.
It's deprecated for three years now and about to be removed.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="bugs">
<title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
<para>
None (knock on wood).
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="Abstraction">
<title>Abstraction layers</title>
<para>
There are three main levels of abstraction in the interrupt code:
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>High-level driver API</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>High-level IRQ flow handlers</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Chip-level hardware encapsulation</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<sect1 id="Interrupt_control_flow">
<title>Interrupt control flow</title>
<para>
Each interrupt is described by an interrupt descriptor structure
irq_desc. The interrupt is referenced by an 'unsigned int' numeric
value which selects the corresponding interrupt description structure
in the descriptor structures array.
The descriptor structure contains status information and pointers
to the interrupt flow method and the interrupt chip structure
which are assigned to this interrupt.
</para>
<para>
Whenever an interrupt triggers, the low-level architecture code calls
into the generic interrupt code by calling desc->handle_irq().
This high-level IRQ handling function only uses desc->irq_data.chip
primitives referenced by the assigned chip descriptor structure.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="Highlevel_Driver_API">
<title>High-level Driver API</title>
<para>
The high-level Driver API consists of following functions:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>request_irq()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>free_irq()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>disable_irq()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>enable_irq()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>disable_irq_nosync() (SMP only)</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>synchronize_irq() (SMP only)</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_set_irq_type()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_set_irq_wake()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_set_handler_data()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_set_chip()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_set_chip_data()</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
See the autogenerated function documentation for details.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="Highlevel_IRQ_flow_handlers">
<title>High-level IRQ flow handlers</title>
<para>
The generic layer provides a set of pre-defined irq-flow methods:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>handle_level_irq</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>handle_edge_irq</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>handle_fasteoi_irq</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>handle_simple_irq</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>handle_percpu_irq</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>handle_edge_eoi_irq</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>handle_bad_irq</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
The interrupt flow handlers (either pre-defined or architecture
specific) are assigned to specific interrupts by the architecture
either during bootup or during device initialization.
</para>
<sect2 id="Default_flow_implementations">
<title>Default flow implementations</title>
<sect3 id="Helper_functions">
<title>Helper functions</title>
<para>
The helper functions call the chip primitives and
are used by the default flow implementations.
The following helper functions are implemented (simplified excerpt):
<programlisting>
default_enable(struct irq_data *data)
{
desc->irq_data.chip->irq_unmask(data);
}
default_disable(struct irq_data *data)
{
if (!delay_disable(data))
desc->irq_data.chip->irq_mask(data);
}
default_ack(struct irq_data *data)
{
chip->irq_ack(data);
}
default_mask_ack(struct irq_data *data)
{
if (chip->irq_mask_ack) {
chip->irq_mask_ack(data);
} else {
chip->irq_mask(data);
chip->irq_ack(data);
}
}
noop(struct irq_data *data))
{
}
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Default_flow_handler_implementations">
<title>Default flow handler implementations</title>
<sect3 id="Default_Level_IRQ_flow_handler">
<title>Default Level IRQ flow handler</title>
<para>
handle_level_irq provides a generic implementation
for level-triggered interrupts.
</para>
<para>
The following control flow is implemented (simplified excerpt):
<programlisting>
desc->irq_data.chip->irq_mask_ack();
handle_irq_event(desc->action);
desc->irq_data.chip->irq_unmask();
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="Default_FASTEOI_IRQ_flow_handler">
<title>Default Fast EOI IRQ flow handler</title>
<para>
handle_fasteoi_irq provides a generic implementation
for interrupts, which only need an EOI at the end of
the handler.
</para>
<para>
The following control flow is implemented (simplified excerpt):
<programlisting>
handle_irq_event(desc->action);
desc->irq_data.chip->irq_eoi();
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="Default_Edge_IRQ_flow_handler">
<title>Default Edge IRQ flow handler</title>
<para>
handle_edge_irq provides a generic implementation
for edge-triggered interrupts.
</para>
<para>
The following control flow is implemented (simplified excerpt):
<programlisting>
if (desc->status &amp; running) {
desc->irq_data.chip->irq_mask_ack();
desc->status |= pending | masked;
return;
}
desc->irq_data.chip->irq_ack();
desc->status |= running;
do {
if (desc->status &amp; masked)
desc->irq_data.chip->irq_unmask();
desc->status &amp;= ~pending;
handle_irq_event(desc->action);
} while (status &amp; pending);
desc->status &amp;= ~running;
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="Default_simple_IRQ_flow_handler">
<title>Default simple IRQ flow handler</title>
<para>
handle_simple_irq provides a generic implementation
for simple interrupts.
</para>
<para>
Note: The simple flow handler does not call any
handler/chip primitives.
</para>
<para>
The following control flow is implemented (simplified excerpt):
<programlisting>
handle_irq_event(desc->action);
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="Default_per_CPU_flow_handler">
<title>Default per CPU flow handler</title>
<para>
handle_percpu_irq provides a generic implementation
for per CPU interrupts.
</para>
<para>
Per CPU interrupts are only available on SMP and
the handler provides a simplified version without
locking.
</para>
<para>
The following control flow is implemented (simplified excerpt):
<programlisting>
if (desc->irq_data.chip->irq_ack)
desc->irq_data.chip->irq_ack();
handle_irq_event(desc->action);
if (desc->irq_data.chip->irq_eoi)
desc->irq_data.chip->irq_eoi();
</programlisting>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="EOI_Edge_IRQ_flow_handler">
<title>EOI Edge IRQ flow handler</title>
<para>
handle_edge_eoi_irq provides an abnomination of the edge
handler which is solely used to tame a badly wreckaged
irq controller on powerpc/cell.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="BAD_IRQ_flow_handler">
<title>Bad IRQ flow handler</title>
<para>
handle_bad_irq is used for spurious interrupts which
have no real handler assigned..
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Quirks_and_optimizations">
<title>Quirks and optimizations</title>
<para>
The generic functions are intended for 'clean' architectures and chips,
which have no platform-specific IRQ handling quirks. If an architecture
needs to implement quirks on the 'flow' level then it can do so by
overriding the high-level irq-flow handler.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Delayed_interrupt_disable">
<title>Delayed interrupt disable</title>
<para>
This per interrupt selectable feature, which was introduced by Russell
King in the ARM interrupt implementation, does not mask an interrupt
at the hardware level when disable_irq() is called. The interrupt is
kept enabled and is masked in the flow handler when an interrupt event
happens. This prevents losing edge interrupts on hardware which does
not store an edge interrupt event while the interrupt is disabled at
the hardware level. When an interrupt arrives while the IRQ_DISABLED
flag is set, then the interrupt is masked at the hardware level and
the IRQ_PENDING bit is set. When the interrupt is re-enabled by
enable_irq() the pending bit is checked and if it is set, the
interrupt is resent either via hardware or by a software resend
mechanism. (It's necessary to enable CONFIG_HARDIRQS_SW_RESEND when
you want to use the delayed interrupt disable feature and your
hardware is not capable of retriggering an interrupt.)
The delayed interrupt disable is not configurable.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="Chiplevel_hardware_encapsulation">
<title>Chip-level hardware encapsulation</title>
<para>
The chip-level hardware descriptor structure irq_chip
contains all the direct chip relevant functions, which
can be utilized by the irq flow implementations.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>irq_ack()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_mask_ack() - Optional, recommended for performance</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_mask()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_unmask()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_eoi() - Optional, required for EOI flow handlers</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_retrigger() - Optional</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_set_type() - Optional</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>irq_set_wake() - Optional</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
These primitives are strictly intended to mean what they say: ack means
ACK, masking means masking of an IRQ line, etc. It is up to the flow
handler(s) to use these basic units of low-level functionality.
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="doirq">
<title>__do_IRQ entry point</title>
<para>
The original implementation __do_IRQ() was an alternative entry
point for all types of interrupts. It no longer exists.
</para>
<para>
This handler turned out to be not suitable for all
interrupt hardware and was therefore reimplemented with split
functionality for edge/level/simple/percpu interrupts. This is not
only a functional optimization. It also shortens code paths for
interrupts.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="locking">
<title>Locking on SMP</title>
<para>
The locking of chip registers is up to the architecture that
defines the chip primitives. The per-irq structure is
protected via desc->lock, by the generic layer.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="genericchip">
<title>Generic interrupt chip</title>
<para>
To avoid copies of identical implementations of IRQ chips the
core provides a configurable generic interrupt chip
implementation. Developers should check carefully whether the
generic chip fits their needs before implementing the same
functionality slightly differently themselves.
</para>
!Ekernel/irq/generic-chip.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="structs">
<title>Structures</title>
<para>
This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the structures which are
used in the generic IRQ layer.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/irq.h
!Iinclude/linux/interrupt.h
</chapter>
<chapter id="pubfunctions">
<title>Public Functions Provided</title>
<para>
This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the kernel API functions
which are exported.
</para>
!Ekernel/irq/manage.c
!Ekernel/irq/chip.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="intfunctions">
<title>Internal Functions Provided</title>
<para>
This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the internal functions.
</para>
!Ikernel/irq/irqdesc.c
!Ikernel/irq/handle.c
!Ikernel/irq/chip.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="credits">
<title>Credits</title>
<para>
The following people have contributed to this document:
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Thomas Gleixner<email>tglx@linutronix.de</email></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Ingo Molnar<email>mingo@elte.hu</email></para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</chapter>
</book>

331
Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="LinuxKernelAPI">
<bookinfo>
<title>The Linux Kernel API</title>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
</para>
<para>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="adt">
<title>Data Types</title>
<sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title>
!Iinclude/linux/list.h
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="libc">
<title>Basic C Library Functions</title>
<para>
When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are
from the C Library. Some of the functions have been found generally
useful and they are listed below. The behaviour of these functions
may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations
are noted in the text.
</para>
<sect1><title>String Conversions</title>
!Elib/vsprintf.c
!Finclude/linux/kernel.h kstrtol
!Finclude/linux/kernel.h kstrtoul
!Elib/kstrtox.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>String Manipulation</title>
<!-- All functions are exported at now
X!Ilib/string.c
-->
!Elib/string.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Bit Operations</title>
!Iarch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="kernel-lib">
<title>Basic Kernel Library Functions</title>
<para>
The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
</para>
<sect1><title>Bitmap Operations</title>
!Elib/bitmap.c
!Ilib/bitmap.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Command-line Parsing</title>
!Elib/cmdline.c
</sect1>
<sect1 id="crc"><title>CRC Functions</title>
!Elib/crc7.c
!Elib/crc16.c
!Elib/crc-itu-t.c
!Elib/crc32.c
!Elib/crc-ccitt.c
</sect1>
<sect1 id="idr"><title>idr/ida Functions</title>
!Pinclude/linux/idr.h idr sync
!Plib/idr.c IDA description
!Elib/idr.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="mm">
<title>Memory Management in Linux</title>
<sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title>
!Iinclude/linux/slab.h
!Emm/slab.c
!Emm/util.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title>
!Iarch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h
!Earch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title>
!Emm/readahead.c
!Emm/filemap.c
!Emm/memory.c
!Emm/vmalloc.c
!Imm/page_alloc.c
!Emm/mempool.c
!Emm/dmapool.c
!Emm/page-writeback.c
!Emm/truncate.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="ipc">
<title>Kernel IPC facilities</title>
<sect1><title>IPC utilities</title>
!Iipc/util.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="kfifo">
<title>FIFO Buffer</title>
<sect1><title>kfifo interface</title>
!Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="relayfs">
<title>relay interface support</title>
<para>
Relay interface support
is designed to provide an efficient mechanism for tools and
facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel space to
user space.
</para>
<sect1><title>relay interface</title>
!Ekernel/relay.c
!Ikernel/relay.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="modload">
<title>Module Support</title>
<sect1><title>Module Loading</title>
!Ekernel/kmod.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Inter Module support</title>
<para>
Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
</para>
<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
X!Ekernel/module.c
-->
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="hardware">
<title>Hardware Interfaces</title>
<sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title>
!Ekernel/irq/manage.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>DMA Channels</title>
!Ekernel/dma.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>Resources Management</title>
!Ikernel/resource.c
!Ekernel/resource.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title>
!Earch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title>
!Edrivers/pci/pci.c
!Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c
!Edrivers/pci/remove.c
!Edrivers/pci/search.c
!Edrivers/pci/msi.c
!Edrivers/pci/bus.c
!Edrivers/pci/access.c
!Edrivers/pci/irq.c
!Edrivers/pci/htirq.c
<!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source
X!Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c
-->
!Edrivers/pci/probe.c
!Edrivers/pci/slot.c
!Edrivers/pci/rom.c
!Edrivers/pci/iov.c
!Idrivers/pci/pci-sysfs.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title>
!Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="firmware">
<title>Firmware Interfaces</title>
<sect1><title>DMI Interfaces</title>
!Edrivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c
</sect1>
<sect1><title>EDD Interfaces</title>
!Idrivers/firmware/edd.c
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="security">
<title>Security Framework</title>
!Isecurity/security.c
!Esecurity/inode.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="audit">
<title>Audit Interfaces</title>
!Ekernel/audit.c
!Ikernel/auditsc.c
!Ikernel/auditfilter.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="accounting">
<title>Accounting Framework</title>
!Ikernel/acct.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="blkdev">
<title>Block Devices</title>
!Eblock/blk-core.c
!Iblock/blk-core.c
!Eblock/blk-map.c
!Iblock/blk-sysfs.c
!Eblock/blk-settings.c
!Eblock/blk-exec.c
!Eblock/blk-flush.c
!Eblock/blk-lib.c
!Eblock/blk-tag.c
!Iblock/blk-tag.c
!Eblock/blk-integrity.c
!Ikernel/trace/blktrace.c
!Iblock/genhd.c
!Eblock/genhd.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="chrdev">
<title>Char devices</title>
!Efs/char_dev.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="miscdev">
<title>Miscellaneous Devices</title>
!Edrivers/char/misc.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="clk">
<title>Clock Framework</title>
<para>
The clock framework defines programming interfaces to support
software management of the system clock tree.
This framework is widely used with System-On-Chip (SOC) platforms
to support power management and various devices which may need
custom clock rates.
Note that these "clocks" don't relate to timekeeping or real
time clocks (RTCs), each of which have separate frameworks.
These <structname>struct clk</structname> instances may be used
to manage for example a 96 MHz signal that is used to shift bits
into and out of peripherals or busses, or otherwise trigger
synchronous state machine transitions in system hardware.
</para>
<para>
Power management is supported by explicit software clock gating:
unused clocks are disabled, so the system doesn't waste power
changing the state of transistors that aren't in active use.
On some systems this may be backed by hardware clock gating,
where clocks are gated without being disabled in software.
Sections of chips that are powered but not clocked may be able
to retain their last state.
This low power state is often called a <emphasis>retention
mode</emphasis>.
This mode still incurs leakage currents, especially with finer
circuit geometries, but for CMOS circuits power is mostly used
by clocked state changes.
</para>
<para>
Power-aware drivers only enable their clocks when the device
they manage is in active use. Also, system sleep states often
differ according to which clock domains are active: while a
"standby" state may allow wakeup from several active domains, a
"mem" (suspend-to-RAM) state may require a more wholesale shutdown
of clocks derived from higher speed PLLs and oscillators, limiting
the number of possible wakeup event sources. A driver's suspend
method may need to be aware of system-specific clock constraints
on the target sleep state.
</para>
<para>
Some platforms support programmable clock generators. These
can be used by external chips of various kinds, such as other
CPUs, multimedia codecs, and devices with strict requirements
for interface clocking.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/clk.h
</chapter>
</book>

1310
Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking.tmpl Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

2151
Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking.tmpl Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

917
Documentation/DocBook/kgdb.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,917 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="kgdbOnLinux">
<bookinfo>
<title>Using kgdb, kdb and the kernel debugger internals</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Jason</firstname>
<surname>Wessel</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>jason.wessel@windriver.com</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2008,2010</year>
<holder>Wind River Systems, Inc.</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright>
<year>2004-2005</year>
<holder>MontaVista Software, Inc.</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright>
<year>2004</year>
<holder>Amit S. Kale</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This file is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License
version 2. This program is licensed "as is" without any warranty of any
kind, whether express or implied.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="Introduction">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
The kernel has two different debugger front ends (kdb and kgdb)
which interface to the debug core. It is possible to use either
of the debugger front ends and dynamically transition between them
if you configure the kernel properly at compile and runtime.
</para>
<para>
Kdb is simplistic shell-style interface which you can use on a
system console with a keyboard or serial console. You can use it
to inspect memory, registers, process lists, dmesg, and even set
breakpoints to stop in a certain location. Kdb is not a source
level debugger, although you can set breakpoints and execute some
basic kernel run control. Kdb is mainly aimed at doing some
analysis to aid in development or diagnosing kernel problems. You
can access some symbols by name in kernel built-ins or in kernel
modules if the code was built
with <symbol>CONFIG_KALLSYMS</symbol>.
</para>
<para>
Kgdb is intended to be used as a source level debugger for the
Linux kernel. It is used along with gdb to debug a Linux kernel.
The expectation is that gdb can be used to "break in" to the
kernel to inspect memory, variables and look through call stack
information similar to the way an application developer would use
gdb to debug an application. It is possible to place breakpoints
in kernel code and perform some limited execution stepping.
</para>
<para>
Two machines are required for using kgdb. One of these machines is
a development machine and the other is the target machine. The
kernel to be debugged runs on the target machine. The development
machine runs an instance of gdb against the vmlinux file which
contains the symbols (not boot image such as bzImage, zImage,
uImage...). In gdb the developer specifies the connection
parameters and connects to kgdb. The type of connection a
developer makes with gdb depends on the availability of kgdb I/O
modules compiled as built-ins or loadable kernel modules in the test
machine's kernel.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="CompilingAKernel">
<title>Compiling a kernel</title>
<para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>In order to enable compilation of kdb, you must first enable kgdb.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The kgdb test compile options are described in the kgdb test suite chapter.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<sect1 id="CompileKGDB">
<title>Kernel config options for kgdb</title>
<para>
To enable <symbol>CONFIG_KGDB</symbol> you should look under
"Kernel debugging" and select "KGDB: kernel debugger".
</para>
<para>
While it is not a hard requirement that you have symbols in your
vmlinux file, gdb tends not to be very useful without the symbolic
data, so you will want to turn
on <symbol>CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO</symbol> which is called "Compile the
kernel with debug info" in the config menu.
</para>
<para>
It is advised, but not required that you turn on the
<symbol>CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER</symbol> kernel option which is called "Compile the
kernel with frame pointers" in the config menu. This option
inserts code to into the compiled executable which saves the frame
information in registers or on the stack at different points which
allows a debugger such as gdb to more accurately construct
stack back traces while debugging the kernel.
</para>
<para>
If the architecture that you are using supports the kernel option
CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA, you should consider turning it off. This
option will prevent the use of software breakpoints because it
marks certain regions of the kernel's memory space as read-only.
If kgdb supports it for the architecture you are using, you can
use hardware breakpoints if you desire to run with the
CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA option turned on, else you need to turn off
this option.
</para>
<para>
Next you should choose one of more I/O drivers to interconnect
debugging host and debugged target. Early boot debugging requires
a KGDB I/O driver that supports early debugging and the driver
must be built into the kernel directly. Kgdb I/O driver
configuration takes place via kernel or module parameters which
you can learn more about in the in the section that describes the
parameter "kgdboc".
</para>
<para>Here is an example set of .config symbols to enable or
disable for kgdb:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para># CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA is not set</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER=y</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB=y</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB_SERIAL_CONSOLE=y</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="CompileKDB">
<title>Kernel config options for kdb</title>
<para>Kdb is quite a bit more complex than the simple gdbstub
sitting on top of the kernel's debug core. Kdb must implement a
shell, and also adds some helper functions in other parts of the
kernel, responsible for printing out interesting data such as what
you would see if you ran "lsmod", or "ps". In order to build kdb
into the kernel you follow the same steps as you would for kgdb.
</para>
<para>The main config option for kdb
is <symbol>CONFIG_KGDB_KDB</symbol> which is called "KGDB_KDB:
include kdb frontend for kgdb" in the config menu. In theory you
would have already also selected an I/O driver such as the
CONFIG_KGDB_SERIAL_CONSOLE interface if you plan on using kdb on a
serial port, when you were configuring kgdb.
</para>
<para>If you want to use a PS/2-style keyboard with kdb, you would
select CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD which is called "KGDB_KDB: keyboard as
input device" in the config menu. The CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD option
is not used for anything in the gdb interface to kgdb. The
CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD option only works with kdb.
</para>
<para>Here is an example set of .config symbols to enable/disable kdb:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para># CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA is not set</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER=y</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB=y</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB_SERIAL_CONSOLE=y</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_KGDB_KDB=y</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD=y</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="kgdbKernelArgs">
<title>Kernel Debugger Boot Arguments</title>
<para>This section describes the various runtime kernel
parameters that affect the configuration of the kernel debugger.
The following chapter covers using kdb and kgdb as well as
provides some examples of the configuration parameters.</para>
<sect1 id="kgdboc">
<title>Kernel parameter: kgdboc</title>
<para>The kgdboc driver was originally an abbreviation meant to
stand for "kgdb over console". Today it is the primary mechanism
to configure how to communicate from gdb to kgdb as well as the
devices you want to use to interact with the kdb shell.
</para>
<para>For kgdb/gdb, kgdboc is designed to work with a single serial
port. It is intended to cover the circumstance where you want to
use a serial console as your primary console as well as using it to
perform kernel debugging. It is also possible to use kgdb on a
serial port which is not designated as a system console. Kgdboc
may be configured as a kernel built-in or a kernel loadable module.
You can only make use of <constant>kgdbwait</constant> and early
debugging if you build kgdboc into the kernel as a built-in.
<para>Optionally you can elect to activate kms (Kernel Mode
Setting) integration. When you use kms with kgdboc and you have a
video driver that has atomic mode setting hooks, it is possible to
enter the debugger on the graphics console. When the kernel
execution is resumed, the previous graphics mode will be restored.
This integration can serve as a useful tool to aid in diagnosing
crashes or doing analysis of memory with kdb while allowing the
full graphics console applications to run.
</para>
</para>
<sect2 id="kgdbocArgs">
<title>kgdboc arguments</title>
<para>Usage: <constant>kgdboc=[kms][[,]kbd][[,]serial_device][,baud]</constant></para>
<para>The order listed above must be observed if you use any of the
optional configurations together.
</para>
<para>Abbreviations:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>kms = Kernel Mode Setting</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>kbd = Keyboard</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>You can configure kgdboc to use the keyboard, and or a serial
device depending on if you are using kdb and or kgdb, in one of the
following scenarios. The order listed above must be observed if
you use any of the optional configurations together. Using kms +
only gdb is generally not a useful combination.</para>
<sect3 id="kgdbocArgs1">
<title>Using loadable module or built-in</title>
<para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>As a kernel built-in:</para>
<para>Use the kernel boot argument: <constant>kgdboc=&lt;tty-device&gt;,[baud]</constant></para></listitem>
<listitem>
<para>As a kernel loadable module:</para>
<para>Use the command: <constant>modprobe kgdboc kgdboc=&lt;tty-device&gt;,[baud]</constant></para>
<para>Here are two examples of how you might format the kgdboc
string. The first is for an x86 target using the first serial port.
The second example is for the ARM Versatile AB using the second
serial port.
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para><constant>kgdboc=ttyS0,115200</constant></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><constant>kgdboc=ttyAMA1,115200</constant></para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="kgdbocArgs2">
<title>Configure kgdboc at runtime with sysfs</title>
<para>At run time you can enable or disable kgdboc by echoing a
parameters into the sysfs. Here are two examples:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Enable kgdboc on ttyS0</para>
<para><constant>echo ttyS0 &gt; /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Disable kgdboc</para>
<para><constant>echo "" &gt; /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>NOTE: You do not need to specify the baud if you are
configuring the console on tty which is already configured or
open.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="kgdbocArgs3">
<title>More examples</title>
<para>You can configure kgdboc to use the keyboard, and or a serial
device depending on if you are using kdb and or kgdb, in one of the
following scenarios.</para>
<para>You can configure kgdboc to use the keyboard, and or a serial device
depending on if you are using kdb and or kgdb, in one of the
following scenarios.
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>kdb and kgdb over only a serial port</para>
<para><constant>kgdboc=&lt;serial_device&gt;[,baud]</constant></para>
<para>Example: <constant>kgdboc=ttyS0,115200</constant></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>kdb and kgdb with keyboard and a serial port</para>
<para><constant>kgdboc=kbd,&lt;serial_device&gt;[,baud]</constant></para>
<para>Example: <constant>kgdboc=kbd,ttyS0,115200</constant></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>kdb with a keyboard</para>
<para><constant>kgdboc=kbd</constant></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>kdb with kernel mode setting</para>
<para><constant>kgdboc=kms,kbd</constant></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>kdb with kernel mode setting and kgdb over a serial port</para>
<para><constant>kgdboc=kms,kbd,ttyS0,115200</constant></para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</sect3>
<para>NOTE: Kgdboc does not support interrupting the target via the
gdb remote protocol. You must manually send a sysrq-g unless you
have a proxy that splits console output to a terminal program.
A console proxy has a separate TCP port for the debugger and a separate
TCP port for the "human" console. The proxy can take care of sending
the sysrq-g for you.
</para>
<para>When using kgdboc with no debugger proxy, you can end up
connecting the debugger at one of two entry points. If an
exception occurs after you have loaded kgdboc, a message should
print on the console stating it is waiting for the debugger. In
this case you disconnect your terminal program and then connect the
debugger in its place. If you want to interrupt the target system
and forcibly enter a debug session you have to issue a Sysrq
sequence and then type the letter <constant>g</constant>. Then
you disconnect the terminal session and connect gdb. Your options
if you don't like this are to hack gdb to send the sysrq-g for you
as well as on the initial connect, or to use a debugger proxy that
allows an unmodified gdb to do the debugging.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="kgdbwait">
<title>Kernel parameter: kgdbwait</title>
<para>
The Kernel command line option <constant>kgdbwait</constant> makes
kgdb wait for a debugger connection during booting of a kernel. You
can only use this option you compiled a kgdb I/O driver into the
kernel and you specified the I/O driver configuration as a kernel
command line option. The kgdbwait parameter should always follow the
configuration parameter for the kgdb I/O driver in the kernel
command line else the I/O driver will not be configured prior to
asking the kernel to use it to wait.
</para>
<para>
The kernel will stop and wait as early as the I/O driver and
architecture allows when you use this option. If you build the
kgdb I/O driver as a loadable kernel module kgdbwait will not do
anything.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="kgdbcon">
<title>Kernel parameter: kgdbcon</title>
<para> The kgdbcon feature allows you to see printk() messages
inside gdb while gdb is connected to the kernel. Kdb does not make
use of the kgdbcon feature.
</para>
<para>Kgdb supports using the gdb serial protocol to send console
messages to the debugger when the debugger is connected and running.
There are two ways to activate this feature.
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Activate with the kernel command line option:</para>
<para><constant>kgdbcon</constant></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Use sysfs before configuring an I/O driver</para>
<para>
<constant>echo 1 &gt; /sys/module/kgdb/parameters/kgdb_use_con</constant>
</para>
<para>
NOTE: If you do this after you configure the kgdb I/O driver, the
setting will not take effect until the next point the I/O is
reconfigured.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>IMPORTANT NOTE: You cannot use kgdboc + kgdbcon on a tty that is an
active system console. An example incorrect usage is <constant>console=ttyS0,115200 kgdboc=ttyS0 kgdbcon</constant>
</para>
<para>It is possible to use this option with kgdboc on a tty that is not a system console.
</para>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="kgdbreboot">
<title>Run time parameter: kgdbreboot</title>
<para> The kgdbreboot feature allows you to change how the debugger
deals with the reboot notification. You have 3 choices for the
behavior. The default behavior is always set to 0.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>echo -1 > /sys/module/debug_core/parameters/kgdbreboot</para>
<para>Ignore the reboot notification entirely.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>echo 0 > /sys/module/debug_core/parameters/kgdbreboot</para>
<para>Send the detach message to any attached debugger client.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>echo 1 > /sys/module/debug_core/parameters/kgdbreboot</para>
<para>Enter the debugger on reboot notify.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="usingKDB">
<title>Using kdb</title>
<para>
</para>
<sect1 id="quickKDBserial">
<title>Quick start for kdb on a serial port</title>
<para>This is a quick example of how to use kdb.</para>
<para><orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Boot kernel with arguments:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><constant>console=ttyS0,115200 kgdboc=ttyS0,115200</constant></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></para>
<para>OR</para>
<para>Configure kgdboc after the kernel booted; assuming you are using a serial port console:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><constant>echo ttyS0 &gt; /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Enter the kernel debugger manually or by waiting for an oops or fault. There are several ways you can enter the kernel debugger manually; all involve using the sysrq-g, which means you must have enabled CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ=y in your kernel config.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>When logged in as root or with a super user session you can run:</para>
<para><constant>echo g &gt; /proc/sysrq-trigger</constant></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Example using minicom 2.2</para>
<para>Press: <constant>Control-a</constant></para>
<para>Press: <constant>f</constant></para>
<para>Press: <constant>g</constant></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>When you have telneted to a terminal server that supports sending a remote break</para>
<para>Press: <constant>Control-]</constant></para>
<para>Type in:<constant>send break</constant></para>
<para>Press: <constant>Enter</constant></para>
<para>Press: <constant>g</constant></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>From the kdb prompt you can run the "help" command to see a complete list of the commands that are available.</para>
<para>Some useful commands in kdb include:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>lsmod -- Shows where kernel modules are loaded</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ps -- Displays only the active processes</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>ps A -- Shows all the processes</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>summary -- Shows kernel version info and memory usage</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>bt -- Get a backtrace of the current process using dump_stack()</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>dmesg -- View the kernel syslog buffer</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>go -- Continue the system</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>When you are done using kdb you need to consider rebooting the
system or using the "go" command to resuming normal kernel
execution. If you have paused the kernel for a lengthy period of
time, applications that rely on timely networking or anything to do
with real wall clock time could be adversely affected, so you
should take this into consideration when using the kernel
debugger.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist></para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="quickKDBkeyboard">
<title>Quick start for kdb using a keyboard connected console</title>
<para>This is a quick example of how to use kdb with a keyboard.</para>
<para><orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Boot kernel with arguments:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><constant>kgdboc=kbd</constant></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></para>
<para>OR</para>
<para>Configure kgdboc after the kernel booted:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><constant>echo kbd &gt; /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Enter the kernel debugger manually or by waiting for an oops or fault. There are several ways you can enter the kernel debugger manually; all involve using the sysrq-g, which means you must have enabled CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ=y in your kernel config.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>When logged in as root or with a super user session you can run:</para>
<para><constant>echo g &gt; /proc/sysrq-trigger</constant></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Example using a laptop keyboard</para>
<para>Press and hold down: <constant>Alt</constant></para>
<para>Press and hold down: <constant>Fn</constant></para>
<para>Press and release the key with the label: <constant>SysRq</constant></para>
<para>Release: <constant>Fn</constant></para>
<para>Press and release: <constant>g</constant></para>
<para>Release: <constant>Alt</constant></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Example using a PS/2 101-key keyboard</para>
<para>Press and hold down: <constant>Alt</constant></para>
<para>Press and release the key with the label: <constant>SysRq</constant></para>
<para>Press and release: <constant>g</constant></para>
<para>Release: <constant>Alt</constant></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Now type in a kdb command such as "help", "dmesg", "bt" or "go" to continue kernel execution.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist></para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="EnableKGDB">
<title>Using kgdb / gdb</title>
<para>In order to use kgdb you must activate it by passing
configuration information to one of the kgdb I/O drivers. If you
do not pass any configuration information kgdb will not do anything
at all. Kgdb will only actively hook up to the kernel trap hooks
if a kgdb I/O driver is loaded and configured. If you unconfigure
a kgdb I/O driver, kgdb will unregister all the kernel hook points.
</para>
<para> All kgdb I/O drivers can be reconfigured at run time, if
<symbol>CONFIG_SYSFS</symbol> and <symbol>CONFIG_MODULES</symbol>
are enabled, by echo'ing a new config string to
<constant>/sys/module/&lt;driver&gt;/parameter/&lt;option&gt;</constant>.
The driver can be unconfigured by passing an empty string. You cannot
change the configuration while the debugger is attached. Make sure
to detach the debugger with the <constant>detach</constant> command
prior to trying to unconfigure a kgdb I/O driver.
</para>
<sect1 id="ConnectingGDB">
<title>Connecting with gdb to a serial port</title>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Configure kgdboc</para>
<para>Boot kernel with arguments:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><constant>kgdboc=ttyS0,115200</constant></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></para>
<para>OR</para>
<para>Configure kgdboc after the kernel booted:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><constant>echo ttyS0 &gt; /sys/module/kgdboc/parameters/kgdboc</constant></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Stop kernel execution (break into the debugger)</para>
<para>In order to connect to gdb via kgdboc, the kernel must
first be stopped. There are several ways to stop the kernel which
include using kgdbwait as a boot argument, via a sysrq-g, or running
the kernel until it takes an exception where it waits for the
debugger to attach.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>When logged in as root or with a super user session you can run:</para>
<para><constant>echo g &gt; /proc/sysrq-trigger</constant></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Example using minicom 2.2</para>
<para>Press: <constant>Control-a</constant></para>
<para>Press: <constant>f</constant></para>
<para>Press: <constant>g</constant></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>When you have telneted to a terminal server that supports sending a remote break</para>
<para>Press: <constant>Control-]</constant></para>
<para>Type in:<constant>send break</constant></para>
<para>Press: <constant>Enter</constant></para>
<para>Press: <constant>g</constant></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Connect from from gdb</para>
<para>
Example (using a directly connected port):
</para>
<programlisting>
% gdb ./vmlinux
(gdb) set remotebaud 115200
(gdb) target remote /dev/ttyS0
</programlisting>
<para>
Example (kgdb to a terminal server on TCP port 2012):
</para>
<programlisting>
% gdb ./vmlinux
(gdb) target remote 192.168.2.2:2012
</programlisting>
<para>
Once connected, you can debug a kernel the way you would debug an
application program.
</para>
<para>
If you are having problems connecting or something is going
seriously wrong while debugging, it will most often be the case
that you want to enable gdb to be verbose about its target
communications. You do this prior to issuing the <constant>target
remote</constant> command by typing in: <constant>set debug remote 1</constant>
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>Remember if you continue in gdb, and need to "break in" again,
you need to issue an other sysrq-g. It is easy to create a simple
entry point by putting a breakpoint at <constant>sys_sync</constant>
and then you can run "sync" from a shell or script to break into the
debugger.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="switchKdbKgdb">
<title>kgdb and kdb interoperability</title>
<para>It is possible to transition between kdb and kgdb dynamically.
The debug core will remember which you used the last time and
automatically start in the same mode.</para>
<sect1>
<title>Switching between kdb and kgdb</title>
<sect2>
<title>Switching from kgdb to kdb</title>
<para>
There are two ways to switch from kgdb to kdb: you can use gdb to
issue a maintenance packet, or you can blindly type the command $3#33.
Whenever kernel debugger stops in kgdb mode it will print the
message <constant>KGDB or $3#33 for KDB</constant>. It is important
to note that you have to type the sequence correctly in one pass.
You cannot type a backspace or delete because kgdb will interpret
that as part of the debug stream.
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Change from kgdb to kdb by blindly typing:</para>
<para><constant>$3#33</constant></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Change from kgdb to kdb with gdb</para>
<para><constant>maintenance packet 3</constant></para>
<para>NOTE: Now you must kill gdb. Typically you press control-z and
issue the command: kill -9 %</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Change from kdb to kgdb</title>
<para>There are two ways you can change from kdb to kgdb. You can
manually enter kgdb mode by issuing the kgdb command from the kdb
shell prompt, or you can connect gdb while the kdb shell prompt is
active. The kdb shell looks for the typical first commands that gdb
would issue with the gdb remote protocol and if it sees one of those
commands it automatically changes into kgdb mode.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>From kdb issue the command:</para>
<para><constant>kgdb</constant></para>
<para>Now disconnect your terminal program and connect gdb in its place</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>At the kdb prompt, disconnect the terminal program and connect gdb in its place.</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Running kdb commands from gdb</title>
<para>It is possible to run a limited set of kdb commands from gdb,
using the gdb monitor command. You don't want to execute any of the
run control or breakpoint operations, because it can disrupt the
state of the kernel debugger. You should be using gdb for
breakpoints and run control operations if you have gdb connected.
The more useful commands to run are things like lsmod, dmesg, ps or
possibly some of the memory information commands. To see all the kdb
commands you can run <constant>monitor help</constant>.</para>
<para>Example:
<informalexample><programlisting>
(gdb) monitor ps
1 idle process (state I) and
27 sleeping system daemon (state M) processes suppressed,
use 'ps A' to see all.
Task Addr Pid Parent [*] cpu State Thread Command
0xc78291d0 1 0 0 0 S 0xc7829404 init
0xc7954150 942 1 0 0 S 0xc7954384 dropbear
0xc78789c0 944 1 0 0 S 0xc7878bf4 sh
(gdb)
</programlisting></informalexample>
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="KGDBTestSuite">
<title>kgdb Test Suite</title>
<para>
When kgdb is enabled in the kernel config you can also elect to
enable the config parameter KGDB_TESTS. Turning this on will
enable a special kgdb I/O module which is designed to test the
kgdb internal functions.
</para>
<para>
The kgdb tests are mainly intended for developers to test the kgdb
internals as well as a tool for developing a new kgdb architecture
specific implementation. These tests are not really for end users
of the Linux kernel. The primary source of documentation would be
to look in the drivers/misc/kgdbts.c file.
</para>
<para>
The kgdb test suite can also be configured at compile time to run
the core set of tests by setting the kernel config parameter
KGDB_TESTS_ON_BOOT. This particular option is aimed at automated
regression testing and does not require modifying the kernel boot
config arguments. If this is turned on, the kgdb test suite can
be disabled by specifying "kgdbts=" as a kernel boot argument.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="CommonBackEndReq">
<title>Kernel Debugger Internals</title>
<sect1 id="kgdbArchitecture">
<title>Architecture Specifics</title>
<para>
The kernel debugger is organized into a number of components:
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>The debug core</para>
<para>
The debug core is found in kernel/debugger/debug_core.c. It contains:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>A generic OS exception handler which includes
sync'ing the processors into a stopped state on an multi-CPU
system.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The API to talk to the kgdb I/O drivers</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The API to make calls to the arch-specific kgdb implementation</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The logic to perform safe memory reads and writes to memory while using the debugger</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>A full implementation for software breakpoints unless overridden by the arch</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The API to invoke either the kdb or kgdb frontend to the debug core.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The structures and callback API for atomic kernel mode setting.</para>
<para>NOTE: kgdboc is where the kms callbacks are invoked.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>kgdb arch-specific implementation</para>
<para>
This implementation is generally found in arch/*/kernel/kgdb.c.
As an example, arch/x86/kernel/kgdb.c contains the specifics to
implement HW breakpoint as well as the initialization to
dynamically register and unregister for the trap handlers on
this architecture. The arch-specific portion implements:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>contains an arch-specific trap catcher which
invokes kgdb_handle_exception() to start kgdb about doing its
work</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>translation to and from gdb specific packet format to pt_regs</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Registration and unregistration of architecture specific trap hooks</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Any special exception handling and cleanup</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>NMI exception handling and cleanup</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>(optional)HW breakpoints</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>gdbstub frontend (aka kgdb)</para>
<para>The gdbstub is located in kernel/debug/gdbstub.c. It contains:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>All the logic to implement the gdb serial protocol</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>kdb frontend</para>
<para>The kdb debugger shell is broken down into a number of
components. The kdb core is located in kernel/debug/kdb. There
are a number of helper functions in some of the other kernel
components to make it possible for kdb to examine and report
information about the kernel without taking locks that could
cause a kernel deadlock. The kdb core contains implements the following functionality.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>A simple shell</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The kdb core command set</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>A registration API to register additional kdb shell commands.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>A good example of a self-contained kdb module
is the "ftdump" command for dumping the ftrace buffer. See:
kernel/trace/trace_kdb.c</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>For an example of how to dynamically register
a new kdb command you can build the kdb_hello.ko kernel module
from samples/kdb/kdb_hello.c. To build this example you can
set CONFIG_SAMPLES=y and CONFIG_SAMPLE_KDB=m in your kernel
config. Later run "modprobe kdb_hello" and the next time you
enter the kdb shell, you can run the "hello"
command.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></listitem>
<listitem><para>The implementation for kdb_printf() which
emits messages directly to I/O drivers, bypassing the kernel
log.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>SW / HW breakpoint management for the kdb shell</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>kgdb I/O driver</para>
<para>
Each kgdb I/O driver has to provide an implementation for the following:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>configuration via built-in or module</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>dynamic configuration and kgdb hook registration calls</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>read and write character interface</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>A cleanup handler for unconfiguring from the kgdb core</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>(optional) Early debug methodology</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
Any given kgdb I/O driver has to operate very closely with the
hardware and must do it in such a way that does not enable
interrupts or change other parts of the system context without
completely restoring them. The kgdb core will repeatedly "poll"
a kgdb I/O driver for characters when it needs input. The I/O
driver is expected to return immediately if there is no data
available. Doing so allows for the future possibility to touch
watch dog hardware in such a way as to have a target system not
reset when these are enabled.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<para>
If you are intent on adding kgdb architecture specific support
for a new architecture, the architecture should define
<constant>HAVE_ARCH_KGDB</constant> in the architecture specific
Kconfig file. This will enable kgdb for the architecture, and
at that point you must create an architecture specific kgdb
implementation.
</para>
<para>
There are a few flags which must be set on every architecture in
their &lt;asm/kgdb.h&gt; file. These are:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
NUMREGBYTES: The size in bytes of all of the registers, so
that we can ensure they will all fit into a packet.
</para>
<para>
BUFMAX: The size in bytes of the buffer GDB will read into.
This must be larger than NUMREGBYTES.
</para>
<para>
CACHE_FLUSH_IS_SAFE: Set to 1 if it is always safe to call
flush_cache_range or flush_icache_range. On some architectures,
these functions may not be safe to call on SMP since we keep other
CPUs in a holding pattern.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
There are also the following functions for the common backend,
found in kernel/kgdb.c, that must be supplied by the
architecture-specific backend unless marked as (optional), in
which case a default function maybe used if the architecture
does not need to provide a specific implementation.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/kgdb.h
</sect1>
<sect1 id="kgdbocDesign">
<title>kgdboc internals</title>
<sect2>
<title>kgdboc and uarts</title>
<para>
The kgdboc driver is actually a very thin driver that relies on the
underlying low level to the hardware driver having "polling hooks"
which the to which the tty driver is attached. In the initial
implementation of kgdboc it the serial_core was changed to expose a
low level UART hook for doing polled mode reading and writing of a
single character while in an atomic context. When kgdb makes an I/O
request to the debugger, kgdboc invokes a callback in the serial
core which in turn uses the callback in the UART driver.</para>
<para>
When using kgdboc with a UART, the UART driver must implement two callbacks in the <constant>struct uart_ops</constant>. Example from drivers/8250.c:<programlisting>
#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL
.poll_get_char = serial8250_get_poll_char,
.poll_put_char = serial8250_put_poll_char,
#endif
</programlisting>
Any implementation specifics around creating a polling driver use the
<constant>#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL</constant>, as shown above.
Keep in mind that polling hooks have to be implemented in such a way
that they can be called from an atomic context and have to restore
the state of the UART chip on return such that the system can return
to normal when the debugger detaches. You need to be very careful
with any kind of lock you consider, because failing here is most likely
going to mean pressing the reset button.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="kgdbocKbd">
<title>kgdboc and keyboards</title>
<para>The kgdboc driver contains logic to configure communications
with an attached keyboard. The keyboard infrastructure is only
compiled into the kernel when CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD=y is set in the
kernel configuration.</para>
<para>The core polled keyboard driver driver for PS/2 type keyboards
is in drivers/char/kdb_keyboard.c. This driver is hooked into the
debug core when kgdboc populates the callback in the array
called <constant>kdb_poll_funcs[]</constant>. The
kdb_get_kbd_char() is the top-level function which polls hardware
for single character input.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="kgdbocKms">
<title>kgdboc and kms</title>
<para>The kgdboc driver contains logic to request the graphics
display to switch to a text context when you are using
"kgdboc=kms,kbd", provided that you have a video driver which has a
frame buffer console and atomic kernel mode setting support.</para>
<para>
Every time the kernel
debugger is entered it calls kgdboc_pre_exp_handler() which in turn
calls con_debug_enter() in the virtual console layer. On resuming kernel
execution, the kernel debugger calls kgdboc_post_exp_handler() which
in turn calls con_debug_leave().</para>
<para>Any video driver that wants to be compatible with the kernel
debugger and the atomic kms callbacks must implement the
mode_set_base_atomic, fb_debug_enter and fb_debug_leave operations.
For the fb_debug_enter and fb_debug_leave the option exists to use
the generic drm fb helper functions or implement something custom for
the hardware. The following example shows the initialization of the
.mode_set_base_atomic operation in
drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:
<informalexample>
<programlisting>
static const struct drm_crtc_helper_funcs intel_helper_funcs = {
[...]
.mode_set_base_atomic = intel_pipe_set_base_atomic,
[...]
};
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
<para>Here is an example of how the i915 driver initializes the fb_debug_enter and fb_debug_leave functions to use the generic drm helpers in
drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_fb.c:
<informalexample>
<programlisting>
static struct fb_ops intelfb_ops = {
[...]
.fb_debug_enter = drm_fb_helper_debug_enter,
.fb_debug_leave = drm_fb_helper_debug_leave,
[...]
};
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="credits">
<title>Credits</title>
<para>
The following people have contributed to this document:
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Amit Kale<email>amitkale@linsyssoft.com</email></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Tom Rini<email>trini@kernel.crashing.org</email></para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
In March 2008 this document was completely rewritten by:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Jason Wessel<email>jason.wessel@windriver.com</email></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
In Jan 2010 this document was updated to include kdb.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Jason Wessel<email>jason.wessel@windriver.com</email></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</chapter>
</book>

1625
Documentation/DocBook/libata.tmpl Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

289
Documentation/DocBook/librs.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<book id="Reed-Solomon-Library-Guide">
<bookinfo>
<title>Reed-Solomon Library Programming Interface</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
<surname>Gleixner</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>tglx@linutronix.de</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2004</year>
<holder>Thomas Gleixner</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
</para>
<para>
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
See the GNU General Public License for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
<para>
For more details see the file COPYING in the source
distribution of Linux.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</bookinfo>
<toc></toc>
<chapter id="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
The generic Reed-Solomon Library provides encoding, decoding
and error correction functions.
</para>
<para>
Reed-Solomon codes are used in communication and storage
applications to ensure data integrity.
</para>
<para>
This documentation is provided for developers who want to utilize
the functions provided by the library.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="bugs">
<title>Known Bugs And Assumptions</title>
<para>
None.
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="usage">
<title>Usage</title>
<para>
This chapter provides examples of how to use the library.
</para>
<sect1>
<title>Initializing</title>
<para>
The init function init_rs returns a pointer to an
rs decoder structure, which holds the necessary
information for encoding, decoding and error correction
with the given polynomial. It either uses an existing
matching decoder or creates a new one. On creation all
the lookup tables for fast en/decoding are created.
The function may take a while, so make sure not to
call it in critical code paths.
</para>
<programlisting>
/* the Reed Solomon control structure */
static struct rs_control *rs_decoder;
/* Symbolsize is 10 (bits)
* Primitive polynomial is x^10+x^3+1
* first consecutive root is 0
* primitive element to generate roots = 1
* generator polynomial degree (number of roots) = 6
*/
rs_decoder = init_rs (10, 0x409, 0, 1, 6);
</programlisting>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Encoding</title>
<para>
The encoder calculates the Reed-Solomon code over
the given data length and stores the result in
the parity buffer. Note that the parity buffer must
be initialized before calling the encoder.
</para>
<para>
The expanded data can be inverted on the fly by
providing a non-zero inversion mask. The expanded data is
XOR'ed with the mask. This is used e.g. for FLASH
ECC, where the all 0xFF is inverted to an all 0x00.
The Reed-Solomon code for all 0x00 is all 0x00. The
code is inverted before storing to FLASH so it is 0xFF
too. This prevents that reading from an erased FLASH
results in ECC errors.
</para>
<para>
The databytes are expanded to the given symbol size
on the fly. There is no support for encoding continuous
bitstreams with a symbol size != 8 at the moment. If
it is necessary it should be not a big deal to implement
such functionality.
</para>
<programlisting>
/* Parity buffer. Size = number of roots */
uint16_t par[6];
/* Initialize the parity buffer */
memset(par, 0, sizeof(par));
/* Encode 512 byte in data8. Store parity in buffer par */
encode_rs8 (rs_decoder, data8, 512, par, 0);
</programlisting>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Decoding</title>
<para>
The decoder calculates the syndrome over
the given data length and the received parity symbols
and corrects errors in the data.
</para>
<para>
If a syndrome is available from a hardware decoder
then the syndrome calculation is skipped.
</para>
<para>
The correction of the data buffer can be suppressed
by providing a correction pattern buffer and an error
location buffer to the decoder. The decoder stores the
calculated error location and the correction bitmask
in the given buffers. This is useful for hardware
decoders which use a weird bit ordering scheme.
</para>
<para>
The databytes are expanded to the given symbol size
on the fly. There is no support for decoding continuous
bitstreams with a symbolsize != 8 at the moment. If
it is necessary it should be not a big deal to implement
such functionality.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>
Decoding with syndrome calculation, direct data correction
</title>
<programlisting>
/* Parity buffer. Size = number of roots */
uint16_t par[6];
uint8_t data[512];
int numerr;
/* Receive data */
.....
/* Receive parity */
.....
/* Decode 512 byte in data8.*/
numerr = decode_rs8 (rs_decoder, data8, par, 512, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL);
</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>
Decoding with syndrome given by hardware decoder, direct data correction
</title>
<programlisting>
/* Parity buffer. Size = number of roots */
uint16_t par[6], syn[6];
uint8_t data[512];
int numerr;
/* Receive data */
.....
/* Receive parity */
.....
/* Get syndrome from hardware decoder */
.....
/* Decode 512 byte in data8.*/
numerr = decode_rs8 (rs_decoder, data8, par, 512, syn, 0, NULL, 0, NULL);
</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>
Decoding with syndrome given by hardware decoder, no direct data correction.
</title>
<para>
Note: It's not necessary to give data and received parity to the decoder.
</para>
<programlisting>
/* Parity buffer. Size = number of roots */
uint16_t par[6], syn[6], corr[8];
uint8_t data[512];
int numerr, errpos[8];
/* Receive data */
.....
/* Receive parity */
.....
/* Get syndrome from hardware decoder */
.....
/* Decode 512 byte in data8.*/
numerr = decode_rs8 (rs_decoder, NULL, NULL, 512, syn, 0, errpos, 0, corr);
for (i = 0; i &lt; numerr; i++) {
do_error_correction_in_your_buffer(errpos[i], corr[i]);
}
</programlisting>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Cleanup</title>
<para>
The function free_rs frees the allocated resources,
if the caller is the last user of the decoder.
</para>
<programlisting>
/* Release resources */
free_rs(rs_decoder);
</programlisting>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="structs">
<title>Structures</title>
<para>
This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the structures which are
used in the Reed-Solomon Library and are relevant for a developer.
</para>
!Iinclude/linux/rslib.h
</chapter>
<chapter id="pubfunctions">
<title>Public Functions Provided</title>
<para>
This chapter contains the autogenerated documentation of the Reed-Solomon functions
which are exported.
</para>
!Elib/reed_solomon/reed_solomon.c
</chapter>
<chapter id="credits">
<title>Credits</title>
<para>
The library code for encoding and decoding was written by Phil Karn.
</para>
<programlisting>
Copyright 2002, Phil Karn, KA9Q
May be used under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
</programlisting>
<para>
The wrapper functions and interfaces are written by Thomas Gleixner.
</para>
<para>
Many users have provided bugfixes, improvements and helping hands for testing.
Thanks a lot.
</para>
<para>
The following people have contributed to this document:
</para>
<para>
Thomas Gleixner<email>tglx@linutronix.de</email>
</para>
</chapter>
</book>

265
Documentation/DocBook/lsm.tmpl Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
<article class="whitepaper" id="LinuxSecurityModule" lang="en">
<articleinfo>
<title>Linux Security Modules: General Security Hooks for Linux</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Stephen</firstname>
<surname>Smalley</surname>
<affiliation>
<orgname>NAI Labs</orgname>
<address><email>ssmalley@nai.com</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Timothy</firstname>
<surname>Fraser</surname>
<affiliation>
<orgname>NAI Labs</orgname>
<address><email>tfraser@nai.com</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Chris</firstname>
<surname>Vance</surname>
<affiliation>
<orgname>NAI Labs</orgname>
<address><email>cvance@nai.com</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</articleinfo>
<sect1 id="Introduction"><title>Introduction</title>
<para>
In March 2001, the National Security Agency (NSA) gave a presentation
about Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) at the 2.5 Linux Kernel
Summit. SELinux is an implementation of flexible and fine-grained
nondiscretionary access controls in the Linux kernel, originally
implemented as its own particular kernel patch. Several other
security projects (e.g. RSBAC, Medusa) have also developed flexible
access control architectures for the Linux kernel, and various
projects have developed particular access control models for Linux
(e.g. LIDS, DTE, SubDomain). Each project has developed and
maintained its own kernel patch to support its security needs.
</para>
<para>
In response to the NSA presentation, Linus Torvalds made a set of
remarks that described a security framework he would be willing to
consider for inclusion in the mainstream Linux kernel. He described a
general framework that would provide a set of security hooks to
control operations on kernel objects and a set of opaque security
fields in kernel data structures for maintaining security attributes.
This framework could then be used by loadable kernel modules to
implement any desired model of security. Linus also suggested the
possibility of migrating the Linux capabilities code into such a
module.
</para>
<para>
The Linux Security Modules (LSM) project was started by WireX to
develop such a framework. LSM is a joint development effort by
several security projects, including Immunix, SELinux, SGI and Janus,
and several individuals, including Greg Kroah-Hartman and James
Morris, to develop a Linux kernel patch that implements this
framework. The patch is currently tracking the 2.4 series and is
targeted for integration into the 2.5 development series. This
technical report provides an overview of the framework and the example
capabilities security module provided by the LSM kernel patch.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="framework"><title>LSM Framework</title>
<para>
The LSM kernel patch provides a general kernel framework to support
security modules. In particular, the LSM framework is primarily
focused on supporting access control modules, although future
development is likely to address other security needs such as
auditing. By itself, the framework does not provide any additional
security; it merely provides the infrastructure to support security
modules. The LSM kernel patch also moves most of the capabilities
logic into an optional security module, with the system defaulting
to the traditional superuser logic. This capabilities module
is discussed further in <xref linkend="cap"/>.
</para>
<para>
The LSM kernel patch adds security fields to kernel data structures
and inserts calls to hook functions at critical points in the kernel
code to manage the security fields and to perform access control. It
also adds functions for registering and unregistering security
modules, and adds a general <function>security</function> system call
to support new system calls for security-aware applications.
</para>
<para>
The LSM security fields are simply <type>void*</type> pointers. For
process and program execution security information, security fields
were added to <structname>struct task_struct</structname> and
<structname>struct linux_binprm</structname>. For filesystem security
information, a security field was added to
<structname>struct super_block</structname>. For pipe, file, and socket
security information, security fields were added to
<structname>struct inode</structname> and
<structname>struct file</structname>. For packet and network device security
information, security fields were added to
<structname>struct sk_buff</structname> and
<structname>struct net_device</structname>. For System V IPC security
information, security fields were added to
<structname>struct kern_ipc_perm</structname> and
<structname>struct msg_msg</structname>; additionally, the definitions
for <structname>struct msg_msg</structname>, <structname>struct
msg_queue</structname>, and <structname>struct
shmid_kernel</structname> were moved to header files
(<filename>include/linux/msg.h</filename> and
<filename>include/linux/shm.h</filename> as appropriate) to allow
the security modules to use these definitions.
</para>
<para>
Each LSM hook is a function pointer in a global table,
security_ops. This table is a
<structname>security_operations</structname> structure as defined by
<filename>include/linux/security.h</filename>. Detailed documentation
for each hook is included in this header file. At present, this
structure consists of a collection of substructures that group related
hooks based on the kernel object (e.g. task, inode, file, sk_buff,
etc) as well as some top-level hook function pointers for system
operations. This structure is likely to be flattened in the future
for performance. The placement of the hook calls in the kernel code
is described by the "called:" lines in the per-hook documentation in
the header file. The hook calls can also be easily found in the
kernel code by looking for the string "security_ops->".
</para>
<para>
Linus mentioned per-process security hooks in his original remarks as a
possible alternative to global security hooks. However, if LSM were
to start from the perspective of per-process hooks, then the base
framework would have to deal with how to handle operations that
involve multiple processes (e.g. kill), since each process might have
its own hook for controlling the operation. This would require a
general mechanism for composing hooks in the base framework.
Additionally, LSM would still need global hooks for operations that
have no process context (e.g. network input operations).
Consequently, LSM provides global security hooks, but a security
module is free to implement per-process hooks (where that makes sense)
by storing a security_ops table in each process' security field and
then invoking these per-process hooks from the global hooks.
The problem of composition is thus deferred to the module.
</para>
<para>
The global security_ops table is initialized to a set of hook
functions provided by a dummy security module that provides
traditional superuser logic. A <function>register_security</function>
function (in <filename>security/security.c</filename>) is provided to
allow a security module to set security_ops to refer to its own hook
functions, and an <function>unregister_security</function> function is
provided to revert security_ops to the dummy module hooks. This
mechanism is used to set the primary security module, which is
responsible for making the final decision for each hook.
</para>
<para>
LSM also provides a simple mechanism for stacking additional security
modules with the primary security module. It defines
<function>register_security</function> and
<function>unregister_security</function> hooks in the
<structname>security_operations</structname> structure and provides
<function>mod_reg_security</function> and
<function>mod_unreg_security</function> functions that invoke these
hooks after performing some sanity checking. A security module can
call these functions in order to stack with other modules. However,
the actual details of how this stacking is handled are deferred to the
module, which can implement these hooks in any way it wishes
(including always returning an error if it does not wish to support
stacking). In this manner, LSM again defers the problem of
composition to the module.
</para>
<para>
Although the LSM hooks are organized into substructures based on
kernel object, all of the hooks can be viewed as falling into two
major categories: hooks that are used to manage the security fields
and hooks that are used to perform access control. Examples of the
first category of hooks include the
<function>alloc_security</function> and
<function>free_security</function> hooks defined for each kernel data
structure that has a security field. These hooks are used to allocate
and free security structures for kernel objects. The first category
of hooks also includes hooks that set information in the security
field after allocation, such as the <function>post_lookup</function>
hook in <structname>struct inode_security_ops</structname>. This hook
is used to set security information for inodes after successful lookup
operations. An example of the second category of hooks is the
<function>permission</function> hook in
<structname>struct inode_security_ops</structname>. This hook checks
permission when accessing an inode.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="cap"><title>LSM Capabilities Module</title>
<para>
The LSM kernel patch moves most of the existing POSIX.1e capabilities
logic into an optional security module stored in the file
<filename>security/capability.c</filename>. This change allows
users who do not want to use capabilities to omit this code entirely
from their kernel, instead using the dummy module for traditional
superuser logic or any other module that they desire. This change
also allows the developers of the capabilities logic to maintain and
enhance their code more freely, without needing to integrate patches
back into the base kernel.
</para>
<para>
In addition to moving the capabilities logic, the LSM kernel patch
could move the capability-related fields from the kernel data
structures into the new security fields managed by the security
modules. However, at present, the LSM kernel patch leaves the
capability fields in the kernel data structures. In his original
remarks, Linus suggested that this might be preferable so that other
security modules can be easily stacked with the capabilities module
without needing to chain multiple security structures on the security field.
It also avoids imposing extra overhead on the capabilities module
to manage the security fields. However, the LSM framework could
certainly support such a move if it is determined to be desirable,
with only a few additional changes described below.
</para>
<para>
At present, the capabilities logic for computing process capabilities
on <function>execve</function> and <function>set*uid</function>,
checking capabilities for a particular process, saving and checking
capabilities for netlink messages, and handling the
<function>capget</function> and <function>capset</function> system
calls have been moved into the capabilities module. There are still a
few locations in the base kernel where capability-related fields are
directly examined or modified, but the current version of the LSM
patch does allow a security module to completely replace the
assignment and testing of capabilities. These few locations would
need to be changed if the capability-related fields were moved into
the security field. The following is a list of known locations that
still perform such direct examination or modification of
capability-related fields:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><filename>fs/open.c</filename>:<function>sys_access</function></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><filename>fs/lockd/host.c</filename>:<function>nlm_bind_host</function></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><filename>fs/nfsd/auth.c</filename>:<function>nfsd_setuser</function></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><filename>fs/proc/array.c</filename>:<function>task_cap</function></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</sect1>
</article>

388
Documentation/DocBook/media/Makefile Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
###
# Media build rules - Auto-generates media contents/indexes and *.h xml's
#
SHELL=/bin/bash
MEDIA_OBJ_DIR=$(objtree)/Documentation/DocBook/
MEDIA_SRC_DIR=$(srctree)/Documentation/DocBook/media
MEDIA_TEMP = media-entities.tmpl \
media-indices.tmpl \
videodev2.h.xml \
v4l2.xml \
audio.h.xml \
ca.h.xml \
dmx.h.xml \
frontend.h.xml \
net.h.xml \
video.h.xml \
IMGFILES := $(patsubst %.b64,%, $(notdir $(shell ls $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/*.b64)))
OBJIMGFILES := $(addprefix $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/, $(IMGFILES))
GENFILES := $(addprefix $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/, $(MEDIA_TEMP))
PHONY += cleanmediadocs
cleanmediadocs:
-@rm -f `find $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR) -type l` $(GENFILES) $(OBJIMGFILES) 2>/dev/null
$(obj)/media_api.xml: $(GENFILES) FORCE
#$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.html: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.xml
#$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.pdf: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.xml
#$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.ps: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api.xml
V4L_SGMLS = \
$(shell ls $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/v4l/*.xml|perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (m,.*/(.*)\n,)') \
capture.c.xml \
keytable.c.xml \
v4l2grab.c.xml
DVB_SGMLS = \
$(shell ls $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/dvb/*.xml|perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (m,.*/(.*)\n,)')
MEDIA_SGMLS = $(addprefix ./,$(V4L_SGMLS)) $(addprefix ./,$(DVB_SGMLS)) $(addprefix ./,$(MEDIA_TEMP))
FUNCS = \
close \
ioctl \
mmap \
munmap \
open \
poll \
read \
select \
write \
IOCTLS = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([A-Z][^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/media.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /\#define\s+([^\s]+)\s+_IO/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-subdev.h) \
VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_FRAME_INTERVAL \
VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_FRAME_INTERVAL \
VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_MBUS_CODE \
VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_SIZE \
VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUM_FRAME_INTERVAL \
VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_SELECTION \
VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_SELECTION \
TYPES = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^typedef\s+[^\s]+\s+([^\s]+)\;/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^}\s+([a-z0-9_]+_t)/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h)
ENUMS = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/media.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-mediabus.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^enum\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-subdev.h)
STRUCTS = \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s\{]+)\s*/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (!/dtv\_cmds\_h/ && /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([A-Z][^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if (/^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/)' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/media.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-subdev.h) \
$(shell perl -ne 'print "$$1 " if /^struct\s+([^\s]+)\s+/' $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/v4l2-mediabus.h)
ERRORS = \
E2BIG \
EACCES \
EAGAIN \
EBADF \
EBADFD \
EBADR \
EBADRQC \
EBUSY \
ECHILD \
ECONNRESET \
EDEADLK \
EDOM \
EEXIST \
EFAULT \
EFBIG \
EILSEQ \
EINIT \
EINPROGRESS \
EINTR \
EINVAL \
EIO \
EMFILE \
ENFILE \
ENOBUFS \
ENODATA \
ENODEV \
ENOENT \
ENOIOCTLCMD \
ENOMEM \
ENOSPC \
ENOSR \
ENOSYS \
ENOTSUP \
ENOTSUPP \
ENOTTY \
ENXIO \
EOPNOTSUPP \
EOVERFLOW \
EPERM \
EPIPE \
EPROTO \
ERANGE \
EREMOTE \
EREMOTEIO \
ERESTART \
ERESTARTSYS \
ESHUTDOWN \
ESPIPE \
ETIME \
ETIMEDOUT \
EUSERS \
EWOULDBLOCK \
EXDEV \
ESCAPE = \
-e "s/&/\\&amp;/g" \
-e "s/</\\&lt;/g" \
-e "s/>/\\&gt;/g"
FILENAME = \
-e s,"^[^\/]*/",, \
-e s/"\\.xml"// \
-e s/"\\.tmpl"// \
-e s/\\\./-/g \
-e s/"^func-"// \
-e s/"^pixfmt-"// \
-e s/"^vidioc-"//
# Generate references to these structs in videodev2.h.xml.
DOCUMENTED = \
-e "s/\(enum *\)v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\([a-z]*_spatial_filter_type\)/\1<link linkend=\"\2\">v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\2<\/link>/g" \
-e "s/\(\(enum\|struct\) *\)\(v4l2_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*\)/\1<link linkend=\"\3\">\3<\/link>/g" \
-e "s/\(V4L2_PIX_FMT_[A-Z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+v4l2_fourcc\)/<link linkend=\"\1\">\1<\/link>\2/g" \
-e ":a;s/\(linkend=\".*\)_\(.*\">\)/\1-\2/;ta" \
-e "s/v4l2\-mpeg\-vbi\-ITV0/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1/g"
DVB_DOCUMENTED = \
-e "s/\(linkend\=\"\)FE_SET_PROPERTY/\1FE_GET_PROPERTY/g" \
-e "s,\(struct\s\+\)\([a-z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+{\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>\3,g" \
-e "s,\(}\s\+\)\([a-z0-9_]\+_t\+\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>,g" \
-e "s,\(define\s\+\)\(DTV_[A-Z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+[0-9]\+\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>\3,g" \
-e "s,<link\s\+linkend=\".*\">\(DTV_IOCTL_MAX_MSGS\|dtv_cmds_h\|__.*_old\)<\/link>,\1,g" \
-e ":a;s/\(linkend=\".*\)_\(.*\">\)/\1-\2/;ta" \
-e "s,\(audio-mixer\|audio-karaoke\|audio-status\|ca-slot-info\|ca-descr-info\|ca-caps\|ca-msg\|ca-descr\|ca-pid\|dmx-filter\|dmx-caps\|video-system\|video-highlight\|video-spu\|video-spu-palette\|video-navi-pack\)-t,\1,g" \
-e "s,DTV-ISDBT-LAYER[A-C],DTV-ISDBT-LAYER,g" \
-e "s,\(define\s\+\)\([A-Z0-9_]\+\)\(\s\+_IO\),\1\<link linkend=\"\2\">\2\<\/link\>\3,g" \
-e "s,<link\s\+linkend=\".*\">\(__.*_OLD\)<\/link>,\1,g" \
#
# Media targets and dependencies
#
install_media_images = \
$(Q)-cp $(OBJIMGFILES) $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/v4l/*.svg $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media_api
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/%: $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR)/%.b64
$(Q)base64 -d $< >$@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml: $(OBJIMGFILES)
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@(ln -sf `cd $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR) && /bin/pwd`/v4l/*xml $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/)
@(ln -sf `cd $(MEDIA_SRC_DIR) && /bin/pwd`/dvb/*xml $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/)
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/videodev2.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/videodev2.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/audio.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/audio.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/ca.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/ca.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/dmx.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/dmx.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/frontend.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/frontend.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/net.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/net.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/video.h.xml: $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<programlisting>") > $@
@( \
expand --tabs=8 < $< | \
sed $(ESCAPE) $(DVB_DOCUMENTED) | \
sed 's/i\.e\./&ie;/') >> $@
@( \
echo "</programlisting>") >> $@
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media-entities.tmpl: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<!-- Generated file! Do not edit. -->") >$@
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Functions -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(FUNCS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY func-$$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='func-$$entity'><function>$$ident()</function></link>\">" \
>>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Ioctls -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(IOCTLS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
id=`grep "<refname>$$ident" $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/vidioc-*.xml $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media-ioc-*.xml | sed -r s,"^.*/(.*).xml.*","\1",` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='$$id'><constant>$$ident</constant></link>\">" \
>>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Types -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(TYPES) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'>$$ident</link>\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Enums -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(ENUMS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | sed -e "s/v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\([a-z]*_spatial_filter_type\)/\1/" | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"enum&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'>$$ident</link>\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Structures -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(STRUCTS) ; do \
entity=`echo $$ident | tr _ - | sed s/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-ITV0/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1/g` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity \"struct&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$entity'>$$ident</link>\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Error Codes -->") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(ERRORS) ; do \
echo "<!ENTITY $$ident \"<errorcode>$$ident</errorcode>" \
"error code\">" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Subsections -->") >>$@
@( \
for file in $(MEDIA_SGMLS) ; do \
entity=`echo "$$file" | sed $(FILENAME) -e s/"^([^-]*)"/sub\1/` ; \
if ! echo "$$file" | \
grep -q -E -e '^(func|vidioc|pixfmt)-' ; then \
echo "<!ENTITY sub-$$entity SYSTEM \"$$file\">" >>$@ ; \
fi ; \
done)
@( \
echo -e "\n<!-- Function Reference -->") >>$@
@( \
for file in $(MEDIA_SGMLS) ; do \
if echo "$$file" | \
grep -q -E -e '(func|vidioc|pixfmt)-' ; then \
entity=`echo "$$file" |sed $(FILENAME)` ; \
echo "<!ENTITY $$entity SYSTEM \"$$file\">" >>$@ ; \
fi ; \
done)
# Jade can auto-generate a list-of-tables, which includes all structs,
# but we only want data types, all types, and sorted please.
$(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/media-indices.tmpl: $(MEDIA_OBJ_DIR)/v4l2.xml
@$($(quiet)gen_xml)
@( \
echo "<!-- Generated file! Do not edit. -->") >$@
@( \
echo -e "\n<index><title>List of Types</title>") >>$@
@( \
for ident in $(TYPES) ; do \
id=`echo $$ident | tr _ -` ; \
echo "<indexentry><primaryie><link" \
"linkend='$$id'>$$ident</link></primaryie></indexentry>" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
for ident in $(ENUMS) ; do \
id=`echo $$ident | sed -e "s/v4l2_mpeg_cx2341x_video_\([a-z]*_spatial_filter_type\)/\1/" | tr _ -`; \
echo "<indexentry><primaryie>enum&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$id'>$$ident</link></primaryie></indexentry>" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
for ident in $(STRUCTS) ; do \
id=`echo $$ident | tr _ - | sed s/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-ITV0/v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1/g` ; \
echo "<indexentry><primaryie>struct&nbsp;<link" \
"linkend='$$id'>$$ident</link></primaryie></indexentry>" >>$@ ; \
done)
@( \
echo "</index>") >>$@

171
Documentation/DocBook/media/bayer.png.b64 Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,171 @@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59
Documentation/DocBook/media/constraints.png.b64 Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAlQAAAFYCAYAAACVsmLPAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAZiS0dEAP8A
/wD/oL2nkwAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAAAd0SU1FB9sLCBIAKVtZsMAAAAxxSURBVHja
7d3ZbqvIAkDRLsv//8v0QytXvpYZap7Wko56OAnE2AXbBSbhOI7jHwAAkr1sAgAAQQUAIKgAAAQV
AICgAgBAUAEACCoAAEEFACCoAAAQVAAAzb2jvyMEWw0AmFvh37xnhgoAQFABAPT1zvruwtNlAADV
VLxsyQwVAICgAgAQVAAAggoAQFABACCoYEohuFkugKACsmLq178DIKiAyJgSVQCCCigQU6IKQFAB
BWJKVAEIKqBgKIkqAEEFFAgkUQUgqIACYSSqAAQViKkwxjIAEFSwbUyJKgBBBWJq8GUCIKhgm5gS
VQCCCsSUqAIQVMBYoSOqAAQVLOk41lwXAIIKhoqqJyFUYhkACCpYMqpiQqjEMgAQVLBUVKWEUIll
ACCoYImoygmhEssAQFDBElHVexkACCoAAEEFACCoAAAQVAAAggoAQFABAAgqAAAEFQCAoAIAEFQA
AIIKAABBBQAgqAAABBUAgKACAOA/b5sAGjsO2wBgMWaoAAAEFQCAoAIAEFQAADtzUXohIQQbAYDi
Dh9kmYIZKgAAQQUAIKgAAAQVAICgAgAgmU/5VeSTGQDE8InxeZmhAgAQVAAAggoAQFABAAgqAAAE
FQCAoAIAEFQAAHtyY0/o4O7efe4JCzAXM1QAAIIKAEBQAQAIKgAAQQUAgKACABBUAACCCgBAUAEA
IKgAAAQVAICgAgAQVAAACCoAAEEFACCoAAAEFVBICGMsAwBBBVPHVE4QlVgGAIIKpo6ps/9utQwA
BBUsEVMpQVRiGQAIKlgqpmKCqMQyABBUsGRMzbouAAQVNHMca64LAEEFy0WVmAIQVCCqxBSAoAL6
hI+YAhBUIKrEFICgAvqEkJgCEFQgqo4+3wuAoILto0pMAQgqICOQxBSAoAIyQklMAQgqICOYxBSA
oAIyokpMAQgqICOqxBTAvN42AYwTVQDMyQwVAICgAgAQVAAAggoAQFABAJDMp/y4FIJtwJx8ehJo
yQwVAICgAgDoyyk/HnMKhdE5RQ30YoYKAEBQAQAIKgAAQQUAIKgAABBUAACCCgBAUAEACCoAAAQV
AICgAgAQVAAAggoAAEEFACCoAAAEFQCAoAIAQFABAAgqAABBBQAgqAAAEFQAAIIKAEBQAQAIKgAA
BBUAgKACABBUAACCCgAAQQUAIKgAAAQVAICgAgBAUAEACCoAAEEFACCoAAAQVAAAggoAQFABAAgq
AACGCKoQPAs2JQAIquwCUAI2JQAIqowCOPtvbEoAEFQRBaAEbEoAEFQFCkAJ2JQAIKgKFIASsClh
szEKrDGoXkNuiOPwwim4iezYoc9+39iDfQbVq+mGEFOiCjZ7E23swR6D6tV8Q4gpUQWb7PeNPdhn
UL26bAgxJapgk/2+sQd7DKr3EDE1y96mUPT1fqgh6Ffosbsz9mDdQfXquiEY/rUKlBtLYgoqDJZB
Dmjlg8qRWlSBMSSmYLOoKhtUjtCiCowdMQUbRtXLswUgpkBU5XkXf9CmPJZ9nQJrft6Gife9XmC/
t0mHg9tr3FcJYgrmjilgn8Fa55SfI7WYAvtnYKNBW+8+VLGn/zY6wtd4qDY1iCngx+BtdNCre1G6
W3gPt7MXUwAwW1CJKjEFCzB2wODtH1SiSkyB/TKw+KB9DfnARJWYAvtnYKLB+m7+AJ+UgL2WTQmT
jz1jEJVf0ASD7jXck2/vY1PCQscwE+6wfkz1CaqrB6wAbEoQVcBkMdUvqH49cAVgU4KoAiaMqb5B
9bkBFIBNCaIKmDSm+geVArApYaOxZ4zCuoPq5VkDqL//F1Ow9qASVACV9/9iCtYfVIIKoOL+X0zB
HoNKUAFU2v+LKdhnUAkqgAZvqoG1B5WgAgAQVAAAggoAQFABAAgqAAAEFQCAoAIAEFQAAIIKAABB
BQAgqAAABBUAgKACAEBQAQAIKgAAQQUAIKgAABBUAACCCgBAUAEACCoAAAQVAICgAgAY3NsmIEYI
//3zONK/7u/v/nx+zdPl/1rO0++LWd6vZZ59Xe7jSfnZSq3z6jnJ2ValX09PHj9AD2aoiPJ34Lo6
wJWKiJQD7N2BN/WAzbNtZTsCuzJDRZeD8XHkH3zPZo5CSJudeTKbdrX+lkE7QkzFbq8VHj/AGTNU
dDkY1ziw1jjY7nAA/wzKqxnIu5gSPICggoTIuDroXh1YRz3ohuCUlcgESOOUH81iZdR1fJ9+zL1Q
use1Y6nrvLsearR46rHNAQQVw6l14HtyOurJz5USVqs9LynXt8V+ShBAUMHHQfdzFuMsQGqHSW5M
PQmrVtdsjRCkOwY5gKBiGne3Okg5WJaMqbuw2uX5+P6aX4H8/f922F4AgorlgyD3hp47z3ycPfZf
p/FSb00BIKjg4kD8/cm4mFNjKfd/OpsJyb2GJ+V+UzEXSK9wAfuvqGr9s7ooHRiV2yYgDCe8xUOp
gHny2GNjVdwAOzJDRbUYSfnep8srfdCOWV6tr225ztzt3PpxiTRgdGaoAAAEFQBAX075sbS7C6dH
OJU0w8/ocQEIKjY2w0F71bAQTMBOnPIDABBUAAB9OeXHY36tCAD8ZoYKAEBQAQD05ZQfl3xSCwDu
maECABBUAACCCgBAUAEACCqgiRDczwtAUAFZMfXr3wEQVEBkTIkqAEEFFIgpUQUgqIACMSWqAAQV
UDCURBWAoAIKBJKoAhBUQIEwElUAggrEVBhjGQAIKtg2pkQVgKACMTX4MgEQVLBNTIkqAEEFYkpU
AQgqYKzQEVUAggqWdBxrrgsAQQVDRdWTECqxDAAEFSwZVTEhVGIZAAgqWCqqUkKoxDIAEFSwRFTl
hFCJZQAgqGCJqOq9DAAEFQCAoAIAEFQAAAgqAABBBQAwibdNAECqcPKLJo8fH1cNN7+U8up7jpOP
v6as//PvPr+/xPpTlsEazFABUDSmnsRTie/pvX74ZIYKgKz4+J55+fu7EMLPWZmU2auY9YsjejBD
BUDRmDk7pdZq/Vf/P2bZT7/2OI7/rU/ICSoAiHIVLS2uFyq5Dtc3kcspPwCairmQvHUghhBOT1U+
eQx/fyfQBBUALBNrtcPmc/l/QYagAoDqYi9ib/2zPZ2l+hVw7Ms1VAAkKXXbgpIXkH9eIF7r8T15
bEJLUAHA4wD6FQ5PPoVXc/0ll3/3db/+sCen/ABIio7PU3U5YfIdY0++78n6RzPqxfiUYYYKqh94
rv/AzFGV8nelouLue3JC5e5XzTx57E777SUcsa+4zxeIo8HlOw/vOgBwLBlqA1drGDNUAACCCgBA
UAEATM2n/CpyQSIA7MEMFQCAoAIAEFQAAIIKAGBnLkovxI3XAGBfZqgAAAQVAEBfTvlBbXf3I3O6
GGB6ZqgAAAQVAICgAgAQVAAAggoAAEEFACCoAAAEFQCAoAIAQFABAAgqAABBBQAgqAAAEFQAAIIK
AEBQAQAIKiBFCGMsAwBBBVPHVE4QlVgGAM29bQIoGFOf/30c7ZcBrV/zd6/Rq6/7fs1/fs3T5Z+9
AckZO2dvaL6XeffGJ/XxpPxspdZ59ZzkbKve278BM1RQOqaeDvbSy4CW/g5WV6/RUhHRcuwYc2W2
VY3tP/hzY4YKar5bfLIDeLIMM1WsOnaOI/9AeTZzETt2YmbTrtbfMmhH2PfFbq/Syxxk/2iGCmrF
1Kzrgplez78OpjUOsDu8qfkMyqsZyLvwSdleNZYpqGASLQe3GSpGHgNXB92r1+6or+sQvInptV+a
eF/nlB/kDv7aO14xxUpahErqOr7Hc+yF9y3Hbul13l27NPJ+aJBTgYIKRo4qMcXK46b2wTVlHb9m
3VpcXD/i85Kyb4v9lGCvZQoq2CiqxBQzvfY/ZzHOAqR2mOTG1JOwanXN1ghBunucR3INFYw4qMUU
K/sLsO9rlXKuXSoZU99jcfXxmPpp5LP7f5W+B9Ukz4GggtGiSkxBn5ja/UL0v3D5/nO1jyq1zWos
szGn/KDGTinnoliY9TV/FzZnr++U+z+dfcIw93qblPtNxVwUvcIF7N/7uZJRlbLMQS5KN0MFtQ4w
YgrWGberjs+Y21vExmqN/eDAz0M4jsifrtZ5alh5ZyWmAMbaJxfe75qhgl7veMUUwDIEFfSMKjEF
sAQXpUOrqJrk5nSwpLvT7yOMxxl+Ro9LUMFQUSWmoP348zN6XIIK7FgAWDWo/DZuAAAXpQMACCoA
gM7iT/m5BgQA4P+YoQIAEFQAAIIKAEBQAQAIKgAABBUAgKACABBUAAB7+hfHbDX87cMFJQAAAABJ
RU5ErkJggg==

105
Documentation/DocBook/media/crop.gif.b64 Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,105 @@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1314
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/audio.xml Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

582
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/ca.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
<title>DVB CA Device</title>
<para>The DVB CA device controls the conditional access hardware. It can be accessed through
<emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0</emphasis>. Data types and and ioctl definitions can be accessed by
including <emphasis role="tt">linux/dvb/ca.h</emphasis> in your application.
</para>
<section id="ca_data_types">
<title>CA Data Types</title>
<section id="ca-slot-info">
<title>ca_slot_info_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_slot_info {
int num; /&#x22C6; slot number &#x22C6;/
int type; /&#x22C6; CA interface this slot supports &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI 1 /&#x22C6; CI high level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_LINK 2 /&#x22C6; CI link layer level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_PHYS 4 /&#x22C6; CI physical layer level interface &#x22C6;/
#define CA_DESCR 8 /&#x22C6; built-in descrambler &#x22C6;/
#define CA_SC 128 /&#x22C6; simple smart card interface &#x22C6;/
unsigned int flags;
#define CA_CI_MODULE_PRESENT 1 /&#x22C6; module (or card) inserted &#x22C6;/
#define CA_CI_MODULE_READY 2
} ca_slot_info_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-descr-info">
<title>ca_descr_info_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_descr_info {
unsigned int num; /&#x22C6; number of available descramblers (keys) &#x22C6;/
unsigned int type; /&#x22C6; type of supported scrambling system &#x22C6;/
#define CA_ECD 1
#define CA_NDS 2
#define CA_DSS 4
} ca_descr_info_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-caps">
<title>ca_caps_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_caps {
unsigned int slot_num; /&#x22C6; total number of CA card and module slots &#x22C6;/
unsigned int slot_type; /&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
unsigned int descr_num; /&#x22C6; total number of descrambler slots (keys) &#x22C6;/
unsigned int descr_type;/&#x22C6; OR of all supported types &#x22C6;/
} ca_cap_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-msg">
<title>ca_msg_t</title>
<programlisting>
/&#x22C6; a message to/from a CI-CAM &#x22C6;/
typedef struct ca_msg {
unsigned int index;
unsigned int type;
unsigned int length;
unsigned char msg[256];
} ca_msg_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-descr">
<title>ca_descr_t</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_descr {
unsigned int index;
unsigned int parity;
unsigned char cw[8];
} ca_descr_t;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="ca-pid">
<title>ca-pid</title>
<programlisting>
typedef struct ca_pid {
unsigned int pid;
int index; /&#x22C6; -1 == disable&#x22C6;/
} ca_pid_t;
</programlisting>
</section></section>
<section id="ca_function_calls">
<title>CA Function Calls</title>
<section id="ca_fopen">
<title>open()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call opens a named ca device (e.g. /dev/ost/ca) for subsequent use.</para>
<para>When an open() call has succeeded, the device will be ready for use.
The significance of blocking or non-blocking mode is described in the
documentation for functions where there is a difference. It does not affect the
semantics of the open() call itself. A device opened in blocking mode can later
be put into non-blocking mode (and vice versa) using the F_SETFL command
of the fcntl system call. This is a standard system call, documented in the Linux
manual page for fcntl. Only one user can open the CA Device in O_RDWR
mode. All other attempts to open the device in this mode will fail, and an error
code will be returned.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int open(const char &#x22C6;deviceName, int flags);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>const char
*deviceName</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Name of specific video device.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int flags</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>A bit-wise OR of the following flags:</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_RDONLY read-only access</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_RDWR read/write access</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>O_NONBLOCK open in non-blocking mode</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>(blocking mode is the default)</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>RETURN VALUE</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ENODEV</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Device driver not loaded/available.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINTERNAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Internal error.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBUSY</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Device or resource busy.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Invalid argument.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="ca_fclose">
<title>close()</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This system call closes a previously opened audio device.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int close(int fd);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>RETURN VALUE</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>EBADF</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>fd is not a valid open file descriptor.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>
<section id="CA_RESET"
role="subsection"><title>CA_RESET</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_RESET);
</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_RESET for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_CAP"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_CAP</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_CAP,
ca_caps_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_CAP for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_caps_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_SLOT_INFO"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_SLOT_INFO</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_SLOT_INFO,
ca_slot_info_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_SLOT_INFO for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_slot_info_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_DESCR_INFO"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_DESCR_INFO</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_DESCR_INFO,
ca_descr_info_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_DESCR_INFO for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_descr_info_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_GET_MSG"
role="subsection"><title>CA_GET_MSG</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_GET_MSG,
ca_msg_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_GET_MSG for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_msg_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_SEND_MSG"
role="subsection"><title>CA_SEND_MSG</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_SEND_MSG,
ca_msg_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_SEND_MSG for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_msg_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_SET_DESCR"
role="subsection"><title>CA_SET_DESCR</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_SET_DESCR,
ca_descr_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_SET_DESCR for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_descr_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="CA_SET_PID"
role="subsection"><title>CA_SET_PID</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = CA_SET_PID,
ca_pid_t *);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals CA_SET_PID for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>ca_pid_t *
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
</section>

1145
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/demux.xml Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

141
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/dvbapi.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
<partinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Ralph</firstname>
<surname>Metzler</surname>
<othername role="mi">J. K.</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Marcus</firstname>
<surname>Metzler</surname>
<othername role="mi">O. C.</othername>
<affiliation><address><email>rjkm@metzlerbros.de</email></address></affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Mauro</firstname>
<othername role="mi">Carvalho</othername>
<surname>Chehab</surname>
<affiliation><address><email>m.chehab@samsung.com</email></address></affiliation>
<contrib>Ported document to Docbook XML.</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2002</year>
<year>2003</year>
<holder>Convergence GmbH</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright>
<year>2009-2014</year>
<holder>Mauro Carvalho Chehab</holder>
</copyright>
<revhistory>
<!-- Put document revisions here, newest first. -->
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.4</revnumber>
<date>2011-05-06</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Add more information about DVB APIv5, better describing the frontend GET/SET props ioctl's.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.3</revnumber>
<date>2010-07-03</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Add some frontend capabilities flags, present on kernel, but missing at the specs.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.2</revnumber>
<date>2009-10-25</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
documents FE_SET_FRONTEND_TUNE_MODE and FE_DISHETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD ioctls.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.1</revnumber>
<date>2009-09-16</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Added ISDB-T test originally written by Patrick Boettcher
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>2.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2009-09-06</date>
<authorinitials>mcc</authorinitials>
<revremark>Conversion from LaTex to DocBook XML. The
contents is the same as the original LaTex version.</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2003-07-24</date>
<authorinitials>rjkm</authorinitials>
<revremark>Initial revision on LaTEX.</revremark>
</revision>
</revhistory>
</partinfo>
<title>LINUX DVB API</title>
<subtitle>Version 5.10</subtitle>
<!-- ADD THE CHAPTERS HERE -->
<chapter id="dvb_introdution">
&sub-intro;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_frontend">
&sub-frontend;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_demux">
&sub-demux;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_video">
&sub-video;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_audio">
&sub-audio;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_ca">
&sub-ca;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_net">
&sub-net;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_kdapi">
&sub-kdapi;
</chapter>
<chapter id="dvb_examples">
&sub-examples;
</chapter>
<!-- END OF CHAPTERS -->
<appendix id="audio_h">
<title>DVB Audio Header File</title>
&sub-audio-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="ca_h">
<title>DVB Conditional Access Header File</title>
&sub-ca-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="dmx_h">
<title>DVB Demux Header File</title>
&sub-dmx-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="frontend_h">
<title>DVB Frontend Header File</title>
&sub-frontend-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="net_h">
<title>DVB Network Header File</title>
&sub-net-h;
</appendix>
<appendix id="video_h">
<title>DVB Video Header File</title>
&sub-video-h;
</appendix>

1317
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/dvbproperty.xml Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

BIN
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/dvbstb.pdf Normal file
View file

Binary file not shown.

365
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/examples.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
<title>Examples</title>
<para>In this section we would like to present some examples for using the DVB API.
</para>
<para>Maintainer note: This section is out of date. Please refer to the sample programs packaged
with the driver distribution from <ulink url="http://linuxtv.org/hg/dvb-apps" />.
</para>
<section id="tuning">
<title>Tuning</title>
<para>We will start with a generic tuning subroutine that uses the frontend and SEC, as well as
the demux devices. The example is given for QPSK tuners, but can easily be adjusted for
QAM.
</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/sec.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
#define DMX "/dev/dvb/adapter0/demux1"
#define FRONT "/dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend1"
#define SEC "/dev/dvb/adapter0/sec1"
/&#x22C6; routine for checking if we have a signal and other status information&#x22C6;/
int FEReadStatus(int fd, fe_status_t &#x22C6;stat)
{
int ans;
if ( (ans = ioctl(fd,FE_READ_STATUS,stat) &#x003C; 0)){
perror("FE READ STATUS: ");
return -1;
}
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_POWER)
printf("FE HAS POWER\n");
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_HAS_SIGNAL)
printf("FE HAS SIGNAL\n");
if (&#x22C6;stat &amp; FE_SPECTRUM_INV)
printf("SPEKTRUM INV\n");
return 0;
}
/&#x22C6; tune qpsk &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; freq: frequency of transponder &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid, tpid: PIDs of video, audio and teletext TS packets &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; diseqc: DiSEqC address of the used LNB &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; pol: Polarisation &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; srate: Symbol Rate &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; fec. FEC &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_lof1: local frequency of lower LNB band &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_lof2: local frequency of upper LNB band &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; lnb_slof: switch frequency of LNB &#x22C6;/
int set_qpsk_channel(int freq, int vpid, int apid, int tpid,
int diseqc, int pol, int srate, int fec, int lnb_lof1,
int lnb_lof2, int lnb_slof)
{
struct secCommand scmd;
struct secCmdSequence scmds;
struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
FrontendParameters frp;
struct pollfd pfd[1];
FrontendEvent event;
int demux1, demux2, demux3, front;
frequency = (uint32_t) freq;
symbolrate = (uint32_t) srate;
if((front = open(FRONT,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("FRONTEND DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
if((sec = open(SEC,O_RDWR)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux3 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux3=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (freq &#x003C; lnb_slof) {
frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof1);
scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_OFF;
} else {
frp.Frequency = (freq - lnb_lof2);
scmds.continuousTone = SEC_TONE_ON;
}
frp.Inversion = INVERSION_AUTO;
if (pol) scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_18;
else scmds.voltage = SEC_VOLTAGE_13;
scmd.type=0;
scmd.u.diseqc.addr=0x10;
scmd.u.diseqc.cmd=0x38;
scmd.u.diseqc.numParams=1;
scmd.u.diseqc.params[0] = 0xF0 | ((diseqc &#x22C6; 4) &amp; 0x0F) |
(scmds.continuousTone == SEC_TONE_ON ? 1 : 0) |
(scmds.voltage==SEC_VOLTAGE_18 ? 2 : 0);
scmds.miniCommand=SEC_MINI_NONE;
scmds.numCommands=1;
scmds.commands=&amp;scmd;
if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC SEND: ");
return -1;
}
if (ioctl(sec, SEC_SEND_SEQUENCE, &amp;scmds) &#x003C; 0){
perror("SEC SEND: ");
return -1;
}
frp.u.qpsk.SymbolRate = srate;
frp.u.qpsk.FEC_inner = fec;
if (ioctl(front, FE_SET_FRONTEND, &amp;frp) &#x003C; 0){
perror("QPSK TUNE: ");
return -1;
}
pfd[0].fd = front;
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
if (poll(pfd,1,3000)){
if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
printf("Getting QPSK event\n");
if ( ioctl(front, FE_GET_EVENT, &amp;event)
== -EOVERFLOW){
perror("qpsk get event");
return -1;
}
printf("Received ");
switch(event.type){
case FE_UNEXPECTED_EV:
printf("unexpected event\n");
return -1;
case FE_FAILURE_EV:
printf("failure event\n");
return -1;
case FE_COMPLETION_EV:
printf("completion event\n");
}
}
}
pesFilterParams.pid = vpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_vpid");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = apid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_apid");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = tpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_DECODER;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_TELETEXT;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux3, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("set_tpid");
return -1;
}
return has_signal(fds);
}
</programlisting>
<para>The program assumes that you are using a universal LNB and a standard DiSEqC
switch with up to 4 addresses. Of course, you could build in some more checking if
tuning was successful and maybe try to repeat the tuning process. Depending on the
external hardware, i.e. LNB and DiSEqC switch, and weather conditions this may be
necessary.
</para>
</section>
<section id="the_dvr_device">
<title>The DVR device</title>
<para>The following program code shows how to use the DVR device for recording.
</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;sys/ioctl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdio.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;stdint.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/types.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/stat.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;fcntl.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;time.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;unistd.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/video.h&#x003E;
#include &#x003C;sys/poll.h&#x003E;
#define DVR "/dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr1"
#define AUDIO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/audio1"
#define VIDEO "/dev/dvb/adapter0/video1"
#define BUFFY (188&#x22C6;20)
#define MAX_LENGTH (1024&#x22C6;1024&#x22C6;5) /&#x22C6; record 5MB &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; switch the demuxes to recording, assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid: PIDs of video and audio channels &#x22C6;/
int switch_to_record(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
{
struct dmx_pes_filter_params pesFilterParams;
if (demux1 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux1=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
if (demux2 &#x003C; 0){
if ((demux2=open(DMX, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK))
&#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE: ");
return -1;
}
}
pesFilterParams.pid = vpid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_VIDEO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux1, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
return -1;
}
pesFilterParams.pid = apid;
pesFilterParams.input = DMX_IN_FRONTEND;
pesFilterParams.output = DMX_OUT_TS_TAP;
pesFilterParams.pes_type = DMX_PES_AUDIO;
pesFilterParams.flags = DMX_IMMEDIATE_START;
if (ioctl(demux2, DMX_SET_PES_FILTER, &amp;pesFilterParams) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DEMUX DEVICE");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/&#x22C6; start recording MAX_LENGTH , assuming the transponder is tuned &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; demux1, demux2: file descriptor of video and audio filters &#x22C6;/
/&#x22C6; vpid, apid: PIDs of video and audio channels &#x22C6;/
int record_dvr(int demux1, int demux2, uint16_t vpid, uint16_t apid)
{
int i;
int len;
int written;
uint8_t buf[BUFFY];
uint64_t length;
struct pollfd pfd[1];
int dvr, dvr_out;
/&#x22C6; open dvr device &#x22C6;/
if ((dvr = open(DVR, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("DVR DEVICE");
return -1;
}
/&#x22C6; switch video and audio demuxes to dvr &#x22C6;/
printf ("Switching dvr on\n");
i = switch_to_record(demux1, demux2, vpid, apid);
printf("finished: ");
printf("Recording %2.0f MB of test file in TS format\n",
MAX_LENGTH/(1024.0&#x22C6;1024.0));
length = 0;
/&#x22C6; open output file &#x22C6;/
if ((dvr_out = open(DVR_FILE,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT
|O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR
|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|
S_IWOTH)) &#x003C; 0){
perror("Can't open file for dvr test");
return -1;
}
pfd[0].fd = dvr;
pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
/&#x22C6; poll for dvr data and write to file &#x22C6;/
while (length &#x003C; MAX_LENGTH ) {
if (poll(pfd,1,1)){
if (pfd[0].revents &amp; POLLIN){
len = read(dvr, buf, BUFFY);
if (len &#x003C; 0){
perror("recording");
return -1;
}
if (len &#x003E; 0){
written = 0;
while (written &#x003C; len)
written +=
write (dvr_out,
buf, len);
length += len;
printf("written %2.0f MB\r",
length/1024./1024.);
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
</programlisting>
</section>

1548
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/frontend.xml Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

212
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/intro.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
<title>Introduction</title>
<section id="requisites">
<title>What you need to know</title>
<para>The reader of this document is required to have some knowledge in
the area of digital video broadcasting (DVB) and should be familiar with
part I of the MPEG2 specification ISO/IEC 13818 (aka ITU-T H.222), i.e
you should know what a program/transport stream (PS/TS) is and what is
meant by a packetized elementary stream (PES) or an I-frame.</para>
<para>Various DVB standards documents are available from
<ulink url="http://www.dvb.org" /> and/or
<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org" />.</para>
<para>It is also necessary to know how to access unix/linux devices and
how to use ioctl calls. This also includes the knowledge of C or C++.
</para>
</section>
<section id="history">
<title>History</title>
<para>The first API for DVB cards we used at Convergence in late 1999
was an extension of the Video4Linux API which was primarily developed
for frame grabber cards. As such it was not really well suited to be
used for DVB cards and their new features like recording MPEG streams
and filtering several section and PES data streams at the same time.
</para>
<para>In early 2000, we were approached by Nokia with a proposal for a
new standard Linux DVB API. As a commitment to the development of
terminals based on open standards, Nokia and Convergence made it
available to all Linux developers and published it on
<ulink url="http://www.linuxtv.org/" /> in September 2000.
Convergence is the maintainer of the Linux DVB API. Together with the
LinuxTV community (i.e. you, the reader of this document), the Linux DVB
API will be constantly reviewed and improved. With the Linux driver for
the Siemens/Hauppauge DVB PCI card Convergence provides a first
implementation of the Linux DVB API.</para>
</section>
<section id="overview">
<title>Overview</title>
<figure id="stb_components">
<title>Components of a DVB card/STB</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="dvbstb.png" format="PNG" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>A DVB PCI card or DVB set-top-box (STB) usually consists of the
following main hardware components: </para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Frontend consisting of tuner and DVB demodulator</para>
<para>Here the raw signal reaches the DVB hardware from a satellite dish
or antenna or directly from cable. The frontend down-converts and
demodulates this signal into an MPEG transport stream (TS). In case of a
satellite frontend, this includes a facility for satellite equipment
control (SEC), which allows control of LNB polarization, multi feed
switches or dish rotors.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Conditional Access (CA) hardware like CI adapters and smartcard slots
</para>
<para>The complete TS is passed through the CA hardware. Programs to
which the user has access (controlled by the smart card) are decoded in
real time and re-inserted into the TS.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Demultiplexer which filters the incoming DVB stream</para>
<para>The demultiplexer splits the TS into its components like audio and
video streams. Besides usually several of such audio and video streams
it also contains data streams with information about the programs
offered in this or other streams of the same provider.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>MPEG2 audio and video decoder</para>
<para>The main targets of the demultiplexer are the MPEG2 audio and
video decoders. After decoding they pass on the uncompressed audio and
video to the computer screen or (through a PAL/NTSC encoder) to a TV
set.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para><xref linkend="stb_components" /> shows a crude schematic of the control and data flow
between those components.</para>
<para>On a DVB PCI card not all of these have to be present since some
functionality can be provided by the main CPU of the PC (e.g. MPEG
picture and sound decoding) or is not needed (e.g. for data-only uses
like &#8220;internet over satellite&#8221;). Also not every card or STB
provides conditional access hardware.</para>
</section>
<section id="dvb_devices">
<title>Linux DVB Devices</title>
<para>The Linux DVB API lets you control these hardware components
through currently six Unix-style character devices for video, audio,
frontend, demux, CA and IP-over-DVB networking. The video and audio
devices control the MPEG2 decoder hardware, the frontend device the
tuner and the DVB demodulator. The demux device gives you control over
the PES and section filters of the hardware. If the hardware does not
support filtering these filters can be implemented in software. Finally,
the CA device controls all the conditional access capabilities of the
hardware. It can depend on the individual security requirements of the
platform, if and how many of the CA functions are made available to the
application through this device.</para>
<para>All devices can be found in the <emphasis role="tt">/dev</emphasis>
tree under <emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb</emphasis>. The individual devices
are called:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/audioM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/videoM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/frontendM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/netM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/demuxM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/dvrM</emphasis>,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/caM</emphasis>,</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
<para>where N enumerates the DVB PCI cards in a system starting
from&#x00A0;0, and M enumerates the devices of each type within each
adapter, starting from&#x00A0;0, too. We will omit the &#8220;<emphasis
role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapterN/</emphasis>&#8221; in the further dicussion
of these devices. The naming scheme for the devices is the same wheter
devfs is used or not.</para>
<para>More details about the data structures and function calls of all
the devices are described in the following chapters.</para>
</section>
<section id="include_files">
<title>API include files</title>
<para>For each of the DVB devices a corresponding include file exists.
The DVB API include files should be included in application sources with
a partial path like:</para>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/audio.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/ca.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/dmx.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/frontend.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/net.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/osd.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
#include &#x003C;linux/dvb/video.h&#x003E;
</programlisting>
<para>To enable applications to support different API version, an
additional include file <emphasis
role="tt">linux/dvb/version.h</emphasis> exists, which defines the
constant <emphasis role="tt">DVB_API_VERSION</emphasis>. This document
describes <emphasis role="tt">DVB_API_VERSION 5.8</emphasis>.
</para>
</section>

2309
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/kdapi.xml Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

156
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/net.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
<title>DVB Network API</title>
<para>The DVB net device enables feeding of MPE (multi protocol encapsulation) packets
received via DVB into the Linux network protocol stack, e.g. for internet via satellite
applications. It can be accessed through <emphasis role="tt">/dev/dvb/adapter0/net0</emphasis>. Data types and
and ioctl definitions can be accessed by including <emphasis role="tt">linux/dvb/net.h</emphasis> in your
application.
</para>
<section id="dvb_net_types">
<title>DVB Net Data Types</title>
<section id="dvb-net-if">
<title>struct dvb_net_if</title>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_net_if {
__u16 pid;
__u16 if_num;
__u8 feedtype;
#define DVB_NET_FEEDTYPE_MPE 0 /&#x22C6; multi protocol encapsulation &#x22C6;/
#define DVB_NET_FEEDTYPE_ULE 1 /&#x22C6; ultra lightweight encapsulation &#x22C6;/
};
</programlisting>
</section>
</section>
<section id="net_fcalls">
<title>DVB net Function Calls</title>
<para>To be written&#x2026;
</para>
<section id="NET_ADD_IF"
role="subsection"><title>NET_ADD_IF</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = NET_ADD_IF,
struct dvb_net_if *if);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals NET_ADD_IF for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct dvb_net_if *if
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="NET_REMOVE_IF"
role="subsection"><title>NET_REMOVE_IF</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = NET_REMOVE_IF);
</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals NET_REMOVE_IF for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
<section id="NET_GET_IF"
role="subsection"><title>NET_GET_IF</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>This ioctl is undocumented. Documentation is welcome.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int ioctl(fd, int request = NET_GET_IF,
struct dvb_net_if *if);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Equals NET_GET_IF for this command.</para>
</entry>
</row><row><entry
align="char">
<para>struct dvb_net_if *if
</para>
</entry><entry
align="char">
<para>Undocumented.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
&return-value-dvb;
</section>
</section>

1968
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvb/video.xml Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

398
Documentation/DocBook/media/dvbstb.png.b64 Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAzMAAAGaCAYAAAA7Jx25AAAABmJLR0QAAAAAAAD5Q7t/AAAACXBI
WXMAAA3XAAANiQFmEOuiAAAgAElEQVR42uzdd1RU18I28GdgKFZUBE0saFA0KoqFFkEhKhbAQmxJ
bIkNNEpMEUwsMZarJMZrw4KxRExQczUqil0jRBA1GAjGQqLYC4TemdnfH76cj3HodYDntxaLmTll
zuw57Zmz9z4yIYQAkYZzcnJCSkoKGjZsyMIgIiIiquPS09PRoEEDyBhmqCaQyWRo06YN3nvvPRYG
ERERUR137Ngx/Pnnn5CzKKgmMDAwwKpVqxhmiIiIiAj29vZ4//33ocWiICIiIiKimohhhoiIiIiI
GGaIiIiIiIgYZoiIiIiIiBhmiIiIiIiIYYaIiIiIiIhhhoiIiIiIiGGGiIiIiIgYZoiIiIiIiBhm
iIiIiIiIGGaIiIiIiIgYZoiIiIiIiGGGiIiIiIiIYYaIiIiIiIhhhoiIiIiIGGaIiIiIiIgYZoiI
iIiIiBhmiIiIiIiIYYaIiIiIiIhhhoiIiIiIqFLIWQRElSMsLAy2trZo1KgR5HJualTxEhIS8P33
3+PDDz+sM5+5bdu2ePDgAZo2bcoVgCplm3J0dMS5c+fqzGf++uuvsWTJEm5TVClSU1ORk5ODBw8e
oHXr1gwzRDVJbm4uAGDRokUwMDBggVCFmzlzJrKysurUZ3727BksLCzg4eHBFYAq3IIFC5CQkFCn
PnNGRgYAYNWqVVwBqMJFRUVh48aNUCqVlfYeDDNElWzGjBkMM1QpNm7cWOc+c8uWLTFjxgzMmDGD
KwBVuLt37yIkJKTOfW5nZ2duU1SpYaYysc0MERERERHVSAwzRERERETEMENERERERMQwQ0RERERE
xDBDREREREQMM0RERERERAwzREREREREDDNERERERMQwQ0RERERExDBDRERERETEMENERERERMQw
Q0REREREDDNEREREREQMM0RERERERAwzRERERETEMENERERERMQwQ0RERERExDBDREREREQMM0RE
RERERAwzREREREREDDNEREREREQMM0RERERExDBDRERERETEMENERERERMQwQ0REREREDDNERERE
REQMM0RERERERAwzRERERETEMENERERERMQwQ0REREREVGnkLAKimunBgwdISkoq8/SGhoZ47bXX
WJCV6NmzZwgMDMS5c+ewd+9eFgiVSVZWFkJCQnD16lU8evQICoUChoaG6NChA2xsbNCxY0fIZDI8
efIEp06dwuTJk0s876CgIJiYmKBLly4saKq2Y5Wuri6aNm0KQ0NDaGnxd3ZimCGqE/78808EBgbi
p59+QkJCgsowLS0tyGQy6blSqYQQQmWcjz/+GGvXrmVBVoKtW7di+/btuHbtGoQQMDQ0ZKFQqf37
77/w8fHBtm3bkJCQgCZNmsDS0hLGxsZ48OABtm/fjidPnsDU1BR2dnYICwtDz549SxxmlEol5s6d
CxsbG+zZs4cFTpV2rDpx4gQOHDiAJ0+eqAzT09ODUqlETk4OAEBfXx/dunWDvb093Nzc0LdvX5Vj
GVFBGH+JaqihQ4di06ZNOHr0qMrrly5dgkKhQG5urvSnVCqRlZWF27dvY8mSJQCA7OxsFmIlmTFj
Bs6ePctfu6nMTp48iTfffBOrV6+Gnp4e9uzZg+fPn+PUqVPw9/fHkSNH8PDhQxw9ehRCCOzevRu3
bt1CWlpaqd4jJiYG+/btw+PHj1noVGnHqnXr1uHcuXMqr+/fvx8ZGRnIzs5GSkoKIiIi8M0330BH
Rwdr166Fvb09evXqhdOnT7MQiWGGqDazsrJSeV5Y1TFdXV107NgRX331FSZPniz9ElbTnDp1SuOX
USaToXHjxujevTtXUCq1H3/8EcOGDcPz58/RtWtXREREYMKECdDR0VE9gGtpwcXFBdeuXYONjQ0A
ID09vcTvs2HDBgBATk4OfH19WfBUqTp16gS5/P9XCDI3N5euujRs2BAWFhb46KOP8Ntvv+HIkSNo
3rw5rl+/DicnJ3z66adQKpUsRGKYIaqNdHR0Sl3HeNy4cTXyysyBAwdq1EkX635TaV29ehVTpkyB
UqlEw4YNcfToUbRs2bLIaZo0aYIjR47AyMioxFdm7ty5g6CgIGhrawMAtmzZgoyMDH4BVGlkMhl0
dXVLNJ6rqyvCwsLQqlUrAMB3332Hjz/+mIVIDDNEtfkgURqOjo5YunRpjfqMd+7cwfTp0/llU62l
VCoxY8YM6arp/Pnz0b59+xJNa2RkBC8vrxJfmfH19YWVlRUmTJgAAIiPj2cnFaRRxypTU1McOnRI
CtwbNmzA4cOHWYjEMENUl+Xm5iIhIQH6+vowMTEpcJz8HQUIIdQ6DijoBKy0CppnUfN59uwZnJ2d
S9V7mxCiVMtW2mWqiPckyu/EiROIiIgAAGhra8Pd3b1U00+aNAlZWVnFjpeamoqdO3di9uzZmD17
tvT6f//732K3d6KqZGlpiRkzZkjPvby8it3HlmY/XNh+v6jtoCTHRU1RlmNSac8BGGaIqEpduXIF
CxYsUHs9MTERfn5+sLa2xrVr15CSkoJJkyZBX18fbdq0QWRkpMrOLTAwEMOHD4epqSnat2+Pxo0b
o3///vDz8yu0LU5ubi7Onz8PDw8PmJubS+87d+5cGBoaQi6Xw8LCQq2x5+XLl2Fra4s7d+4AAEJD
Q+Hi4gIXFxfMnz9fZdzs7Gz4+vrC2toa+vr60NHRQdeuXeHj41PgSV5Zl+lVx44dw8CBA/Haa6+h
Q4cO6NmzJw4cOFBn17OgoCC1XouoeD/++KP02NbWFkZGRqWa3sjICDt37ix2PH9/f8jlcowdOxaW
lpawtrYGAERHR+Ps2bP8IjRQaGgooqKi6mTYnDNnjvT41q1buHTpkto4pdn3CyFw7do1eHt7o127
dkhMTIQQAv7+/rCwsIBcLkfTpk3x8ccfS9Wxc3NzsXnzZvTu3Ru6urqoX78+3n33XbWeRPfv34/x
48dLx6jFixdLw5KSkjB37lwMHz5cGp6/hkRsbCzmz58vDcv7++KLL5Cbm4vDhw9j7Nix0utz587F
s2fPylUWZTkH0NTURqTxDAwMxN69e2vUMgcHBwsAIjExsdLfS1tbWwAQAMTdu3cLHW/hwoVi5syZ
0vMrV66IESNGCF1dXWn63377TfTv31/o6+tLry1YsEAIIUR6eroYPXq00NPTE7t37xY5OTlCCCFu
374t+vbtKwCIHj16iNjYWJX3PXXqlHBycpLm16JFCxEdHS06duwoHB0dhYuLi6hfv74AIHR0dMQf
f/whTfvXX3+J06dPC2NjYwFA2NraitOnT4vTp0+L8PBwabynT5+KPn36iOnTp4vIyEjx6NEjcejQ
IdGiRQsBQPTt21ekpaVVyDLlUSgUYvbs2UIul4stW7aI7OxsIYQQ0dHRwsLCQjRq1EgAEIaGhpXy
vZubmwtfX1+NW/fzyrRdu3Zi5syZIiAgQDx58qRC5t22bVuN/MwVoVWrVlLZeXp6Vsp7KJVK0bVr
V+Hl5SW95u/vL72vs7NznT7WeHt7Czs7O41brmnTpgkAwsDAQIwYMUKsX79eREZGCqVSWSGfuaq+
9wYNGkjr2l9//VXi6dq3by9Nt3jxYpVhpdn3X7p0SYwePVrI5XKV5Rg8eLCwsrIS7u7u4u2335aG
ff755+LJkyfirbfeEo6OjmLWrFli1KhRQktLSwAQrq6uast67949af6DBw9WGx4dHS0ds18td6VS
KZYtWya9f+/evVWGr1y5Uujq6oqAgIACv/vSHgdLew5QFpGRkQKA2nlBRQgMDBQGBgaCYYYYZmpZ
mDl48KAIDQ2V/i5duiTOnj0rvv76a6Grq6sSZtLS0kR2drZ0oAQgnJycxKFDh0RqaqqYOHGiaNKk
iTh9+rRQKpVi7NixAkCBJ5MpKSmic+fOAoDo1KmTSElJURtn6NChAoDQ19cXlpaWIiIiQhr2xx9/
SJ9jypQpatOamJgIAGLEiBFqw7Kzs0WfPn3EqFGj1Hbw+/fvlz6bt7d3hS7TokWLBACxZs0atWGP
Hz+WDtx1Lcw0a9ZMKnMdHR3pwF4R4aa2hpnk5GSpzApbpyrC2bNnhUwmU/nRIzMzU/qxAIC4efMm
w4yG8fDwkE6gtbS0hJ6eXoWFm5oQZkaOHClNN3r06HLv+xcsWCANs7GxUflhTKlUSu/XoEEDYWlp
KS5cuKAy/erVq6XpY2Ji1JbX1NS00DCT/3hWULkrlUoxZMgQ6bvOK6f09HTRsWNH8d133xU4z7KU
RWnOARhmiBhmqizMFPeXP8zk+eGHH6ThX331VYHvcezYMQFANG3aVGRlZRU4zpEjR6T5fPHFF2rD
P/roI2n4s2fP1Ib369dPCkOlCTNbt24VAMS5c+fUhmVmZkq/MDVt2lS6mlTeZbpx44bQ1tYWhoaG
hZbH8OHD62SYMTIyKnT9K2+4qa1h5p9//lEpp61bt1bK+4waNarAX5PzgjkAMWvWLIYZDQwz+a8m
5P8rb7ipCWFmxowZ0nSOjo7l3vdv375dml9YWJjatPv27ZOGb9q0SW34zZs3peG7du1SG96pU6ci
w0xe2Cms3O/fvy9d2XdychJKpVJMmzZNODg4CIVCUeA05TkOluQcQJPDjJw1UYlql5s3b6o07hdC
IC0tDZcuXcKHH35Y4DT5718xZMiQAsfJ6xLZysqq0O41hw0bBmNjYzx//hxbt27F0qVLVe4rkNcr
DQAYGxurTZ/XDWd8fHypPrOfnx8AIDw8HNHR0WrDmzVrhsePHyMhIQE3btxQuf9LWZdp3bp1UCgU
GDhwYKHl0ahRI66Qr8jfpurevXvYsWMHvv/+e+Tm5qJdu3YYPHgwHB0d0b9//2K7JK7NFApFhc8z
NjYWhw8fxvHjx9WGzZw5EytXroRCocCuXbuwfPlyNG3alCtsDZB3U+S8dhlHjx7FiRMnkJWVBQMD
Azg4OGDAgAFwcHBAt27dSt37pSbIv8z5j1dl3ffn3+83aNCg0P1+3jxe1aJFC+nxw4cPK/zztmnT
Bt988w3c3d1x6tQpTJo0CYcPH0ZUVFShXf6X5zhYknMATcYwQ1TL6OnpQV9fX+W1evXqYfjw4Viw
YIHUkL4w+Xfy+Q+WFy5cAAA0b968yGn79++PAwcOID4+HtHR0ejRo0eJlz1vJy1K0cg1OTkZ165d
g7a2dqGNzseMGaP2HuVZJiGE1EVo586dq/Uk5v79+7h27ZpGrYO5ubllDjfff/89tm/fDoVCIYWb
3r17w9XVtVaHm1eDQ1xcXIW/x5YtW/DGG29g0KBBBZ68ubm54cCBA0hPT8f27dvx+eef18l9aFpa
msZtUy9evChzuDly5AiCgoKQnZ2Nxo0bw9HREf369YO9vT369OlTI76Tf//9V3r8+uuvV/q+v6Dj
oMrJc74f6Srr/kzTp0/Hvn37cP78efj7+2Pjxo2F9kJakWVR3GdnmCGqQ4QG9jrz9ttv4+7du6We
Lj4+XroZX3Enqp06dZIeP3z4sFRhpizu3r0rdT+5Zs2aKtkRv3jxAk+fPgVQvVdfsrOzsWrVKqxa
tarWbDf516979+5h69atUkifOnVqpVyx0ARNmjSRrmoCQExMTIXOPyMjA35+flAoFCq/yL66nefZ
sGED5s2bp3LSVlfcuHGjxpzkl/RYlNcrV3JyMg4fPiz9GOPo6CiFA01269Yt6XHv3r2rbd9flbS0
tODn5wdzc3NkZGTg1KlTmDVrVoFX1mp7WTDMEFWDFy9eYPny5Rq3XD179sTGjRtLPV3+E8i8k/jC
GBoaSo+rYoeaF7KEELh//36JbzJYHvl/Nc/MzKy271NPTw/ffvttodUHq4uZmVmZryzo6ekhKysL
enp6sLS0hJOTE/r37w8bGxvo6uoiMDCw1u437OzscPDgQQAvu+KtSAEBAUhNTYWPj0+Rv8quWLEC
T58+xYMHD3Do0CGVX3Prip49exZYFa86ffbZZ/jhhx9KddUzj46ODpRKJZRKJTp06IChQ4fCwcEB
ffv2hbGxMRYsWIDExESNPp5GRUVJz11cXKpt31/V0tLSpOPvkSNHsG/fPowfP14jjoMMM0S12Llz
5zBgwABMnTq11nym5s2bQ0dHBzk5OYiOjoYQotB61/lv0PXGG29U+rLVr19fehwSElIlO3E9PT3p
8d9//11t34tMJkP9+vU1rm1Daerk6+vrIzMzUyW8ODo6Ftk2q7YaO3asFGbu3LmDqKgo6f5H5SGE
wIYNGzBmzBjMnTu3yHHj4+Px1VdfAXh5E826GGby7jOiSfLvc4qjq6sLhUIBpVKJjh07YsiQIXBw
cIC9vX2R1YQ11c6dO6WaDi4uLmjXrl217furUlZWFiZMmIClS5di48aNePToEebMmYMBAwao3YOq
tpdFcXjTTKIKolQqsXz5cgwYMAAAMHz48Fp1cM+7sV5cXBxu3LhR6Lh59XVbtWqFjh07VvqymZqa
SifPfn5+RVbvS01NxcyZM8v9nq1bt5YaTF64cIF3TS+FvPZcenp6sLOzwxdffIHg4GAkJycjODgY
ixYtgp2dXZ0LMgDg5uamchLy3XffVch8L168iIiICEyfPr3YcWfOnCmt25cuXUJ4eDhXWg2nq6sL
bW1tyGQymJmZwd3dHQcOHMCLFy9w69YtrFu3DqNGjaqRQebx48dSNVpdXV2sXr26Wvf9FaUkx4yF
CxeicePGmD9/PjZv3iwdfz09PTXiOMgwQ1TLvHjxAoMGDcKSJUsAvLxjcUE9oFTWTjH/1ZDKOrH+
4IMPpMcBAQGFjpd38uPu7l7qXnOKWva8eeXV/c7TqFEjKWgFBwdjz549BU6fm5uLKVOmwMnJqdzL
pKenh/79+wN4WVc5KCioyGnrWtjJq/Lwanixt7dneCmCjo4ONm3aJD3ftWsXTp8+XeLpExMT4erq
qnZX8NWrV8PMzAz29vbFzqNly5YYPXq09Hzt2rXcwWsApVIpVTcqaXjJX+W3Jp3E50lISMDIkSOR
kJAAANi0aRO6dOlSZfv+8sirYp2enl5gGaSkpBQ5/a+//oqNGzfCz88PWlpacHV1xbvvvgsA+Omn
n3D06NEqPQ4yzBDVcufPn0fXrl1x8eJFKJVKaGlp4bPPPquy909PT1c5QJSlZ5X8YaiwOtmTJk2C
paUlAGDz5s0F1rG+ffs2goODYWZmhnnz5qkNL67xdl7PVgUd8PKqfdy+fVsanp2djcePH6v8UjVt
2jSsX79e6s0HeFllx8XFBdnZ2XBzc6uQZcr/+Tw8PNS650xMTERISAiAl41uU1NT68w2kXcAfzW8
XLx4keGlGEOHDsWaNWuk525ubiVqJxQaGgpLS0v069dPpdvYK1euICgoCGPGjCnxjwvvvfee9PjA
gQPVWpWS/v8JsBCixoWXV/e1+dsYFhZshBA4deoU+vTpgytXrkBXVxfbtm3DtGnT1MYt674//zGv
LMfE4n5AzLvCevnyZdy+fVulDFasWCHtIwu6DUFycjImT56MBQsW4M0335ReX7dunfQdu7u7qx2D
y3McLMk5AMMMUS2kVCrx9ddfY+DAgYiPj0dubi7kcjnGjx+Ptm3bVtlynDx5UuV5YVcJipK/u+bf
f/+9wHHkcjkOHTqETp06IT4+HhMmTFD5BT4hIQETJ05EmzZtEBgYWGDf/flPivJ6bcp/QPjzzz8B
vOxONDk5WWW4ra2tNI/58+fj4MGDeOedd/Dvv/9i3LhxGDdunBQ+PD090bx5c/To0QOmpqYwMzND
UlIS/P391U7oyrpMw4YNg4eHBwDg/v376NWrF1asWIHAwEBs27YNjo6OMDAwkA4O3bt3r3WX9gtz
7do1ZGVlMbyU0SeffIJ9+/ahWbNmSE1NhaurK9zc3HDy5EmVX3pTU1MRFBSEd955By4uLli2bJlK
d8qZmZmYNWuWtP2WVF6bhLyTr3nz5hV78keVa968eYiLi6tR4eVV58+fV1mP9u3bh5iYGPz999/4
/fffcfjwYSxatAg9evTA4MGDce/ePbi5ueH69euFVpEs674/f2+BBQWK2NhY6XFB1aofPHggPX78
+LHa8LyaDNnZ2bCzs4OXlxe8vb1hbm4OIQQcHBwAAGFhYXj//fdx7Ngx6bxi2rRpUCqV8PLyUpmn
kZGRVPvj8ePHmDJlikrwKM9xsCTnAJqe9ok0noGBgdi7d6/GLM+TJ0+Eg4OD2h2ZZTKZiIyMFEII
ERwcLACIxMTESlkGPz8/MWjQoALvCm1nZyc+/fTTYudx5swZ4erqKrS0tKRp9fT0xKRJk8T27dsL
nCYpKUnMmzdPNGrUSLz++utixowZ4sMPPxQmJibC3d1dxMXFqU0TGhoqxo8fr7KMXbp0EV9++aUQ
QoiTJ08KJycnleE9e/YU27Ztk+YRGxsrWrduLQ1//fXXxfnz56XhOTk5YsmSJdJdk/P+DAwMxMKF
C0VGRkaFL5NCoRDffPONaNq0qcp4JiYm4ty5c+L9998XhoaGwsPDQwQHBxd65+ayMjc3F76+vnVq
X9C2bds685nj4uLEkiVLRNu2bVX2MYaGhqJZs2YCgGjTpo1YtGiR2na3f/9+0blzZ2k6uVwuRo0a
JY4fP17o+/31119i8uTJol27dmr7lN69e4tffvml1pe5t7e3sLOzq1PblLe3d6F3oq+oY5WTk5PQ
1dVVW6/y/zVu3Fh06dJFjB07VmzatEk8fPiwRPMvzb7/119/FbNmzRJ6enoq+2tvb28RGxsr/v77
bzFv3jzRvHlzabiurq7w8PAQFy5cEBkZGeLzzz8X7du3V9m23N3dRWBgoPQ+SqVSLF26VOX43KxZ
M+n44ezsLNq3by+8vb1FaGioyM3NFcHBweLtt98WAISRkZHw8fFR+Zznzp0TDg4OKp/R1tZWZZsu
7XGwLOcApRUZGSkAiNjY2ApftwIDA4WBgYGQCbZcpRqgSZMm8PX1Van+UJ2/Lo0ZMwYpKSkq7Tfk
cjkcHR1x6tQpAC97FLG3t0diYqL0C31tkpWVhT/++ANxcXFo2rQpevToodKjSmVIS0tDWFiY1PNV
QT38ZGRk4Pr160hISICRkRG6d+9eqp6AyloW169fR1xcHIyNjdGzZ0/I5XLExMTAxMRE5e7KFal7
9+7w8PCQrhDVBSYmJvD29q5Tn1kIgdu3b+PPP/9EXFwclEoljI2N0bVrV3Tq1KlG3tFdUy1YsAAh
ISEIDg6uU585Kiqqxnd7Xh37/uK8ePEC169fR7169dCnTx+pDeE///yDdu3alfomzjWxLKKiotC9
e3fExsZWeK2VY8eO4f3332fXzEQlpVAosGzZMixbtky6HPzq8C+++KLOlIeenh6srKyq9D0bNGgg
9RZXmHr16klV0qqyLPIaX+bXoUMHbjhUbjKZDJ06dVK5IS0RVf++vzhGRkYYNGiQ2uuVfdsCTSyL
ysQwQ1QCT58+xZgxYxAWFlZg3XEtLS1YWFhI9WCJiIiIqPKxAwCiYpw5cwbdunVDeHh4kb18LFy4
kIVFRERExDBDVP0UCgUWL14MJycnJCQkqN3fJI9MJoOJiQlGjBjBQiMiIiKqQqxmRlSAR48eYfz4
8QgLC5P69y+MtrY2vvjii0pryEdEREREDDNEJXLq1CkMHjwYurq6Jbp5lIGBASZNmsSCIyIiIqpi
/CmZKB8hBPbv3w8AhVYry09XVxdeXl68ISARERERwwxR9ZLJZNi+fTvWr18PLS2tYquO6ejoYMaM
GSw4IiIiIoYZIs0wZ84cnDlzBo0aNSr0hoe6urr46KOPauUNMYmIiIgYZohqMEdHR4SGhkJbW7vA
O2wrlUp4enqyoIiIiIgYZog0z6pVq9CsWTO4uLhAW1tbel1XVxeTJ0/Ga6+9xkIiIiIiYpgh0izr
1q1DQEAA/ve//+Hw4cNYvnw5tLS0IJPJkJ2dDS8vLxYSEREREcMMkWa5cOECPvvsM/j6+sLGxgYy
mQze3t4IDAyEEAI2Njbo2LEjC4qIiIioGvE+M0SvuH//PsaOHYtp06Zh6tSpKsOGDh2KW7duISsr
iwVFRERExDBDpDnS09Ph5uYGMzMzrFu3rsBxzMzMWFBEREREDDNEmsXDwwNPnz7F1atXeSNMIiIi
IoYZopohr8H/r7/+ipYtW7JAiIiIiBhmiDRfXoP/LVu2wMbGhgVCREREVAOwNzOq84pq8E9ERERE
DDNEGqkkDf6JiIiISDOxmhnVaWzwT0RERFQLwsz333+P77//Hg0aNGCpUIVTKBTIycnB//73Pxgb
G2vEMrHBPxEREVEtCTMxMTEIDQ2Fl5cXS4UqXFRUFM6fP4/MzEyNWB42+CciIiKqRWEGAJydnbFq
1SqWClVKmDl+/LhGLAsb/BMRERHVDuwAgOoUNvgnIiIiqj3YAQDVKWzwT0RERMQwQ1TjsME/ERER
EcMMUY3DBv9EREREtQ/bzFCtxwb/RERERAwzRDUOG/wTERER1V6sZka1Ghv8ExERETHMENU4bPBP
RERExDBDVOOwwT8RERFR7cc2M1TrsME/EREREcMMUY3DBv9EREREdQermVGtwgb/RERERAwzRDWO
pjb4X716NQwMDPgFUYWLioqqc5/54cOHWL16NZKTk7kCUKXsr83Nzevc5z527BhWr17NFaAYycnJ
uH//Ptq1a4eGDRuyQDTkOMUwQ7WCJjb4b9iwIUxMTHDixAloabFGJ1W8Nm3awMjIqE59ZkdHR9y/
fx8HDhzgCkAVrl27dujZs2ed+sytWrVCmzZtuE29QqlUIi0tTeUvJycHMpkM+vr66NKlCwupBLKz
s2FqalqptWUYZqjG09QG/xYWFrh37x6/IKIKdObMGRYCUQX66KOP8NFHH9XpMlAoFIiOjkZ4eDgu
X76My5cv48aNGxBCoHPnznBycoKVlRVsbGwQFRWFhQsX4urVq1x5NATDDNVobPBPREREpfHo0SMp
tFy+fBnXrhOJlUQAACAASURBVF1DamoqWrZsCWtra4wfPx42Njbo06cPGjdurDLtjRs3WIAMM0QV
hw3+iYiIqDCpqam4evUqwsPDERYWhvDwcDx69Aj169dH7969YWVlhdmzZ8Pa2hpt27ZlgTHMEFUd
TW3wT0RERFWvuOpi1tbWWLhwIWxsbNCtWzfI5TwNZpghqiaa2OCfiIiIqk55qosRwwxRtdHUBv9E
RERUOVhdjBhmqFZgg38iIqLajdXFiGGGai02+CciIqpdWF2MGGaoTjhx4gT27dvHBv9EREQ1FKuL
EcMM1Um5ubn48ccfsXXrVjb4JyIiqgFYXYwYZojwssF/eno63n77bTb4JyIi0lCsLkYMM0SvyGvw
r6WlhUmTJrFAiIiINACrixHDDFEJeHh44NmzZ2jQoAEvPxMREVUDVhcjhhmiMli3bh0CAgLw66+/
YsiQISwQIiKiKlCS6mLW1tawtLRkdTFimCEqyIULF/DZZ59hy5YtbPBPRERUSVhdjBhmiCrY/fv3
MXbsWEybNo0N/omIiCoIq4sRw0wVCAoKgomJCbp06cJvpw7Ka/BvZmaGdevWsUCIiIjKiNXFiGGm
iimVSsydOxc2NjbYs2cPv506KK/B/5UrV6Crq8sCISIiKgFWFyOGGQ1w8uRJxMTEIDY2FqtXr8br
r7/Ob6gOyd/gv2XLliwQIiKiAigUCty4cUPlqgurixHDjAbYsGEDACAnJwe+vr5Yvnx5lb7/qVOn
4OTkxLWiGrDBPxERUcFYXYyoBoSZO3fuICgoCNra2lAoFNiyZQu+/PJL1KtXr0re/8CBA9i7dy/D
TDVgg38iIqKXWF2MqIaGGV9fX1hZWeHNN9/E7t27ER8fj71792LatGlVEqSmT58OBwcHrhFVjA3+
iYiormJ1Mc329OlThISEYPTo0UWOFxMTg3/++Yc/iNflMJOamoqdO3di/fr1UpgBgP/+97+YOnUq
ZDJZieclhFAbX6lUQktLq8Dxnz17BmdnZyQlJZVqmYUQEEIUOt/yLFNFTfvqfACUqiyrAhv8ExFR
XcHqYjXLzZs3MW7cOMTFxaFp06aFjrdnzx4cPXqUYaaaaGnCQvj7+0Mul2Ps2LGwtLSEtbU1ACA6
Ohpnz54tdvrc3FycP38eHh4eMDc3BwAkJiZi7ty5MDQ0hFwuh4WFBU6fPq0y3eXLl2Fra4s7d+4A
AEJDQ+Hi4gIXFxfMnz9f7X2ys7Ph6+sLa2tr6OvrQ0dHB127doWPjw+ysrIqZJnKO21+V69excSJ
E2Fvb4/Bgwejbdu26N27N3bs2CGFm+qU1+D/wIEDbPBPRES1SmpqKi5cuAAfHx+4ubmhdevWaN26
NSZOnIjQ0FD06dMHO3bsQGxsLJ48eYJffvkFX3zxBQYMGMAgoyFsbGygq6uLkJCQIse7cOECHB0d
WWDVRfwfb29v4ezsLKqaUqkUXbt2FV5eXtJr/v7+AoAAUOwynTp1Sjg5OUnjt2jRQkRHR4uOHTsK
R0dH4eLiIurXry8ACB0dHfHHH39I0/7111/i9OnTwtjYWAAQtra24vTp0+L06dMiPDxc5X2ePn0q
+vTpI6ZPny4iIyPFo0ePxKFDh0SLFi0EANG3b1+RlpZW7mUqz7T5bdq0SchkMuHp6SkUCoUQQoi0
tDRhZ2cnAIgVK1ZU6fccGRkpAIjY2FghhBDnz58XcrlcbN++vUTTGxgYiL179woiIiJNk5ubKyIj
I4Wfn5+YNm2aMDc3F9ra2kJLS0t06dJFfPDBB2Lz5s0iIiJC5OTksMBqkH79+olPPvlEer53717R
tm1b6Xl6errQ09MTR44cYWFVscDAQGFgYCCqPcycPXtWyGQycffuXem1zMxMKWAAEDdv3ix2PkOH
DhUAhL6+vrC0tBQRERHSsD/++ENoa2sLAGLKlClq05qYmAgAYsSIEQXOOzs7W/Tp00eMGjVKKJVK
lWH79++XltPb27vClqk80z548EAafurUKZVhAQEBAoBo1KiRyMrKqpYwExsbK4yMjIS7u3uJp2eY
ISIiTfHw4UPxv//9T8yfP1/0799fNGzYUAAQLVu2FCNGjBArVqwQZ86cEUlJSSysGm7x4sWiZ8+e
hYaZ8+fPC21tbZGQkMDCqqYwU+3VzDZu3AgXFxe0a9dOek1PTw8zZ86Unq9fv77Y+ZiamgIAMjMz
ERgYCAsLC2lY9+7d0bdvX6kqWWnt3LkTV69exZw5c9TanAwfPhz6+voAgK1btyI3N7dClqk8096+
fRsKhQIAEBcXpzLM2NgYAJCSkoK7d+9W+fedkZHBBv9ERMTqYlQjODo64o8//kBCQkKBw8+fP4/u
3bujSZMmLKxqUq0dAMTGxuLw4cM4fvy42rCZM2di5cqVUCgU2LVrF5YvX15k4yttbW21E/b8WrVq
BQCIj48v9XL6+fkBAMLDwxEdHa02vFmzZnj8+DESEhJw48YNdO/evdzLVJ5p+/Xrh08//RRZWVkY
OXKkyrD8Yay0nR5UhC+//JIN/omISCOxdzF6lY2NDXR0dBASEgJXV1e14WwvU8fDzJYtW/DGG29g
0KBBBZ6su7m54cCBA0hPT8f27dvx+eefl/m98nr/EqVs+J6cnIxr165BW1sbT548KXCcMWPGqL1P
ZS5TcdPK5XJ8++23Kq+lp6cjICAAO3bskF5TKpVV/p0fOXIEFy9eZIN/IiKqduxdjIqjr68Pa2tr
XLhwQS3MZGRk4PLly/jss89YUHUxzGRkZMDPzw8KhUK6kvGq/FcdNmzYgHnz5lX5ryB3796FEAJK
pRJr1qxRuWJSE9y7dw/r16/HrVu3MHXqVCxZsqRauw5csWIFbGxsuOUREVGV4s0oqawcHBxw9OhR
tdcvX76M3Nxc2Nvbs5DqYpgJCAhAamoqfHx8iryasWLFCjx9+hQPHjzAoUOHVK6CVIW0tDQAL6+A
3L9/H+3bt68RX2xaWhoWLFgAf39/+Pr6Ys2aNZDJZLhw4UK1Ltft27dx//59HiiIiKjSsLoYVSRH
R0csX74ciYmJKq+zvUwdDjNCCGzYsAFjxozB3Llzixw3Pj4eX331FYCXN9Gs6jBTv3596XFISEiN
CDNJSUlwdHREREQEgoKCMGTIEI1Ztl69esHExASTJk2Cn58f280QEVG5sboYVaa8djPBwcEqr7O9
jGaolt7MLl68iIiICEyfPr3YcWfOnAkdHR0AwKVLlxAeHl6ly2pqaio1mvfz8yuyfUtqaqpKL2zV
ZeXKlYiIiICJiYlGBRkAcHZ2BgD88MMPePPNN3HixAluhUREVGLsXYyqWv52M3ny2ss4ODiwgOpi
mFm9ejXMzMxKVMewZcuWGD16tPR87dq1ZXrPokJIXljJzs5WG9aoUSNYW1sDAIKDg7Fnz54C55Gb
m4spU6aUqj1KWRr+l2TavN7h9PT01Ibl5ORU+0oXFRUF4GV7JGdnZ4wcORL//PMPt0YiIlKhUCgQ
FRWF7du3Y/r06VKVngEDBmD37t1o0qQJFi5ciIiICCQlJeHixYv49ttvMWbMGFZnpgrl4OCA8+fP
S8/DwsLYXqauhpkrV64gKCgIY8aMUbtnS2Hee+896fGBAwfw999/F7jDK0reSXxBISCvy+fbt29L
w7Ozs/H48WMAgKenpzTutGnTsH79emRlZUmv3blzBy4uLsjOzoabm1uFLFN5ps3rpezOnTv4888/
pdczMzOxe/dulV8VyhuqyqJbt2745JNPYGBgAF1dXcTExKBbt2746quvpGUiIiLNdP36ddy5c6dS
5v3o0SMcPHgQXl5ecHBwQJMmTdC9e3csWrQIL168wPjx43Hy5EkkJCQgOjoaO3bsgLu7OywsLNju
hSpV3v1m0tPTAbysYtajRw+2l6lrYSYzMxOzZs0CgFLtdPLfUFOhUGDevHlq3QrnDzjPnz9XGSaE
kE7qk5KSkJycrDLc1tZWmsf8+fNx8OBBvPPOO/j3338BAOPGjcO4ceOkEOHp6YnmzZujR48eMDU1
hZmZGZKSkuDv768S0MqzTOWZNu/qkBACgwYNwsKFCzF79mz06NEDXbt2lcZbtWoVlixZgh9++KHK
V7wlS5ZAX18fPXr0wN27dzFr1ixs3rwZXbp0waFDh7hlEhFpmN9//x0jR45Er169EBAQUO75sboY
1SR57WZu3rwphRlWMdMQ4v94e3sLZ2dnUVn2798vOnfuLAAIAEIul4tRo0aJ48ePFzrNX3/9JSZP
nizatWsnTZf317t3b/HLL7+I0NBQMX78eJVhXbp0EV9++aUQQoiTJ08KJycnleE9e/YU27Ztk94n
NjZWtG7dWhr++uuvi/Pnz6ssS05OjliyZIlo1KiRyrwMDAzEwoULRUZGhjRueZapIj5PUlKScHBw
UBnH2dlZxMTECIVCIczNzaXXR40aJdLT00Vli4yMFABEbGys9NquXbuEvr6+mDx5sqhfv744dOiQ
mDt3rpDL5WLIkCHi1q1b0rgGBgZi7969goiIqtaVK1eEq6urkMlkwsnJSYSEhJR6Hrm5uSIyMlL4
+fmJadOmCXNzc6GtrS20tLREly5dxAcffCA2b94sIiIiRE5ODgudNFK/fv3EsGHDRJs2bYSenp44
cuQIC6UaBQYGCgMDAyET/1fHaMGCBYiKikJgYGCdDHVpaWkICwuDnp4eLC0tC2xvArysmnX9+nUk
JCTAyMgI3bt3L3Tcag6piIyMxJMnT/Dmm2/CxMREGpaSkoLQ0FA0b94cPXv2LHF1v/KIiopC9+7d
ERsbK9VjFkLA3t4eTZo0QYcOHeDn54fDhw+jRYsWmDNnDkJDQ/HJJ5/gyy+/ROvWreHr66tS5ZCI
iCpPeHg4vv76axw7dgxDhgzB4sWLpZoMxSmudzErKyv2LkY1zpIlS+Dv74/U1FTEx8cjLi6O1cyq
0bFjx/D++++DFUz/T4MGDTBgwIBix6tXr16Jd+bVSSaToUePHujRo4fasEaNGlXrjTPzL+PGjRvR
p08f/PLLLwCAESNG4PDhwzh//jwCAgLw6aefwt/fXyM6LiAiqgvCwsLw9ddfIygoCMOGDUNYWJjU
EU5BeDNKqivy7jfToEEDtpfRIAwzVK0sLCwwY8YMzJs3D5GRkSqB5t1334Wrqyu+/vprfPPNN1i+
fLlaux8iIqoYv/32G77++mucPn0azs7OCA8Ph6Wlpco4vBkl1WXW1taQy+VISUlhexmGGaL/b9my
Zfj555/x7bffSl1v5wWagQMHwsfHB1u2bIFcLoeFhQXmzJmDxYsX8xcRIqIKEBwcjKVLl+LcuXNw
dXXFlStX0Lt3bwBFVxezsrLizSipTqlXrx7Mzc1x7do1hhmGGaL/z9DQECtXroSnpycmT55cYKDR
0tKCt7c39PX1MW/ePAQEBGD9+vUq9yAiIqKS+/XXX7F06VJcuHABI0eOREhICLKzs3H27FmsWLGC
1cWICtC8eXMA4P1lGGaIVH344YfYunUrPv30Uxw4cEAt0ORxc3PD0KFDsXLlSrXuuYmIqHjnz5/H
0qVLERwcjF69emHUqFG4c+cO+vXrx+piRMXw9vbGixcvWDuEYYZIlZaWFjZs2IC+ffvi1KlTcHJy
Ugk0+Xtcq1evHpYtW8ZCIyIqhb1792LChAkAAG1tbSiVSsTGxsLIyAgjR47E2rVrWV2MqBjW1tYY
PHgwC4JhhkidjY0NPvzwQ3h6eiIyMhI6OjpSoFm/fr10o9Ca4s8//8TEiRPRrFkzaGlp8QumCvf8
+XMsX74crq6udeYzv/POO3j48CFPuEshOTkZMTEx0o2ggZcN+QHgxYsXCAoKQlBQEJYtWwaZTCZd
hcn7r6Ojo/JcLpdDJpNBW1sbLVq0gKGhYa0pq3///RdvvfUWNmzYUGfWj++//x7r16+HsbExN5YS
ysrKwqBBg1gQJZCdnY309HQcO3as0tYxhhnSKCtXroSZmRnWrVuHzz77DDKZDGvXrsWWLVuwZs0a
vP322xg4cGCN+CyJiYm4fv063N3dYWBgwC+XKtzq1avx8OHDOvWZDx48iMaNG8PDw4MrQCk4OjpK
ISYnJ0f6r1QqkZ2drfZfCIGsrCzpf94JHABkZmZK/9u3b4+OHTvWqm0qOzu7Tq0bMTExiIyMhJeX
FzcUqnBRUVG4ePGitN9gmKFaz8jICEuXLsWXX36Jd999F61atYJMJoO+vj5sbW1VOgWoKVatWsUw
Q5Xi+PHjde4zt23bFt7e3gwzVClkMhlCQkLq3Od2dnbGqlWruAJQpYSZyj5Wse4LaZzZs2ejQ4cO
mD9/vsrrEyZMwPTp0zFixAicOXOGBUVERERUxzHMkMbR1tbG+vXrERAQgODgYOn1vCpnDDRERERE
BLCaGWkoe3t7zJw5E8+ePVN5PS/QAKiRVc6IiIiIiGGG6gBfX98CX2egISIiIiKGGaqxGGiIiIiI
iGGGGGiIiIiIiGGGiIGGiIiIiBhmiBhoiIiIiIhhhhhoiIiIiIhhhoiBhoiIiIgYZogYaIiIiIiI
YYaIgYaIiIiIYYaIgYaIiIiIGGaIGGiIiIiIiGGGiIGGiIiIiBhmiIGGiIiIiBhmiBhoiIiIiIhh
hoiBhoiIiIgYZogYaIiIiIgYZogYaIiIiIiIYYaIgYaIiIiIGGaIGGiIiIiIGGaIGGiIiIiIiGGG
iIGGiIiIiBhmiBhoiIiIiIhhhoiBhoiIiIhhhoiBhoiIiIiqNcxcuHABZ86cYalQhYuKimKgISIi
IqLKCzNpaWkYNGgQS4XqPAYaIiIiohoUZv7zn//gP//5D0uEiIGGiIiIqGaFGSJioCmMEALh4eE4
ceIEnj17BmNjY1haWuLtt99GvXr1kJiYiJ9//hnTpk2Tpnnw4AGSkpLK/J6GhoZ47bXXih0vKysL
ISEhuHr1Kh49egSFQgFDQ0N06NABNjY26NixI2QyGZ48eYJTp05h8uTJXLGpWgUFBcHExARdunTR
mGV69uwZAgMDce7cOezdu1dl2L179+Dh4QEDAwNs3boVBgYG/BKpytbLFy9eFDq8adOmaNWqVYHH
rOjo6AKnad++PRo0aFBh63ZR2w4xzBAx0GiAFy9eYNKkSThx4gSaN28OW1tb3L9/H76+vsjKyoKL
iwsePnwIuVyuEmb+/PNPBAYG4qeffkJCQoLKPLW0tCCTyaTnSqUSQgiVcT7++GOp3Avy77//wsfH
B9u2bUNCQgKaNGkCS0tLGBsb48GDB9i+fTuePHkCU1NT2NnZISwsDD179mSYoWqlVCoxd+5c2NjY
YM+ePdW+PFu3bsX27dtx7do1CCFgaGioNs6aNWtw4sQJAICtrS08PT35RVKV+Oeff+Dn54ddu3ap
HCM6deqE8ePHo1+/foWGmaCgIPz22284fPgwAMDAwACzZs3CRx99JIWZ8qzbJdl2qIoIohrAwMBA
7N27t1qXQalUCk9PT1G/fn1x+vTpYscPDg4WAERiYmKNLfeMjAxhYWEhAIjJkyeLjIwMaVh2drbY
vHmzqFevngAgOnfuXOA8QkJCBADpLyQkpMDxsrKyxO3bt8WSJUsEADFr1qxCl+vEiRPC2NhYABAt
W7YUe/bsEdnZ2SrjKBQKcfToUfHGG29I7+3q6lqrtgtzc3Ph6+tbp/YFbdu2rdGf+fjx4wKA0NHR
EY8ePar25VEqlSIpKUl07dpVABCGhoZq42zbtk0AEDKZTJw9e7ZWr1/e3t7Czs6uTm1T3t7ewtnZ
WaOX0cfHR+U48tNPP5V42i5duggA4sSJExW6bpdk2yEhIiMjBQARGxtb4fMODAwUBgYGQotxjqh0
V2imT5+OESNG1Ime/7Zt24br16+jSZMm2Lx5M/T19aVhOjo6cHd3x5kzZ1CvXj08evSowHlYWVmp
PC/oVzQA0NXVRceOHfHVV19h8uTJyMnJKXC8H3/8EcOGDcPz58/RtWtXREREYMKECdDR0VG7+uPi
4oJr167BxsYGAJCens4VmarVhg0bAAA5OTnw9fXViP1a48aN0b1790LHmT59Oi5fvoyoqCi8/fbb
/BKpys2bNw9vvvmm9DwkJKSkP9gjLi4OdnZ2GDx4cIWu2yXZdqhqMMwQMdAU6siRIwAAU1NT1KtX
r8Bx3nrrLXzzzTdISUlBSkqK2nAdHR1oaZVuVzNu3DhkZ2ervX716lVMmTIFSqUSDRs2xNGjR9Gy
Zcsi59WkSRMcOXIERkZGSEtL40pM1ebOnTsICgqCtrY2AGDLli3IyMjQjJOBYrZRKysrdO3alV8i
VQu5XI7FixdLz/39/Uu0Pw8PD8fz58/x0UcfVdq6XdrjGzHMEDHQVKHHjx9LJ2FFXdWYPn06WrRo
IY1fUJmVhqOjI5YuXarymlKpxIwZM6QrNvPnz0f79u1LND8jIyN4eXnxygxVK19fX1hZWWHChAkA
gPj4eDYYJiqh0aNHw8TEBACQlJSEHTt2FDvN999/j+bNm2PkyJEsQIYZIqqLgaZJkyYAgOTkZCxY
sKDQ8XR1dTFp0iT8+++/5X7PFy9eQF9fXzpo5Tlx4gQiIiIAANra2nB3dy/VfCdNmoSsrCyuvFQt
UlNTsXPnTsyePRuzZ8+WXv/vf/+r1vlFVRBCQKlUlmm6kirL/IkKI5fL8fHHH0vP165dC4VCUej4
KSkp+PHHHzF58mTo6elV2Lpd1m2nPNNyW2KYIWKgKaP8N9Fdv349Pv744wKrfwGAj48PbG1ty/V+
SqWy0J7ifvzxR+mxra0tjIyMSjVvIyMj7Ny5kysuVQt/f3/I5XKMHTsWlpaWsLa2BgBER0fj7Nmz
RU67f/9+jB8/Hi4uLnBxcVGpbpOUlIS5c+di+PDh0vBXr2rmd+zYMQwcOBCvvfYaOnTogJ49e+LA
gQNFvn9KSgp++OEHDB48GOvWrSvyRC0wMBDDhw+Hqakp2rdvj8aNG6N///7w8/MrtB0cUUlNnTpV
6j757t27Uk9lhR0z0tLSMH369HKv22XddgAgOzsbvr6+sLa2hr6+PnR0dNC1a1f4+PgU+gMbt6XS
p0Qi9mZWCb2c1YbezOLi4sRrr72m0ouMhYWFCA8PL9V8tLW1penv3r1b6HghISHCxMSkwGGtWrWS
5uHp6cmNgr2Z1RhKpVJ07dpVeHl5Sa/5+/tL63NJepK6d++ekMvlAoAYPHiw2vDo6GhpOytofgqF
QsyePVvI5XKxZcsWqfe/6OhoYWFhIRo1aqTWI1N0dLQYO3as0NfXl5b1m2++KXD50tPTxejRo4We
np7YvXu3yMnJEUIIcfv2bdG3b18BQPTo0aNSejRib2a1vzez/D7//HNpfezbt2+h21zPnj1Fv379
ChxemnW7LNtOnqdPn4o+ffqI6dOni8jISPHo0SNx6NAh0aJFC2n509LSauW2VJW9mTHMEMNMJQWa
2hBmhBDi999/F82bN1cJNADExIkTxcOHD0sdZg4ePChCQ0NV/n799VexZcsW0a5duwLDTHJyssp7
r1mzhhsFw0yNcfbsWSGTyVSCfGZmptS9OABx8+bNYudjampaaJgRQggTE5NCw8yiRYsK3XYeP34s
GjRooHZClpqaKjIzM8Xu3buLPOFTKpVi7NixAkCB301KSoro3LmzACA6deokUlJSGGYYZsrswYMH
UrAHIMLCwtTGuXLligAg/P39C5xHSdftsm47Qry8fUGfPn3EqFGjhFKpVBm2f/9+6X29vb1r5bZU
lWGG1cyIWOWsSD179sS1a9fUuq3cs2cPOnfujG3btpWqHr2bmxtsbW1V/vr37w93d3fcu3evwGni
4uJUnjds2JArHdUYGzduhIuLC9q1aye9pqenh5kzZ6pU4yyOXC4v0/C//voLK1euhKGhYYG9Or32
2msYMGCA2usNGjSAnp4e7O3ti3zfoKAg7N+/H02bNsXUqVPVhjds2BA+Pj4AgFu3buE///kPVwoq
s9atW2PcuHHS8++++05tnK1bt6Jp06Z45513CpxHSdftsm47ALBz505cvXoVc+bMUesEZ/jw4dKt
DrZu3Yrc3FxuS+XAMENUSYHm6tWrteaztW3bFmfOnMG+ffvwxhtvSK+npqZi5syZRd4X5lU3b95E
RkaG9Jeeno6kpCRcvXoVffv2LdE8imr0SaRJYmNjcfjwYZVG/3lmzpwpddO8a9cuJCQkVMoyrFu3
DgqFAgMHDoSurm6B4zRq1KjQ6V+9h9Or8u6XY2VlVej8hw0bBmNjY7WTN6Ky+OSTT6THP//8M2Jj
Y6XnycnJ+OmnnzBx4kSVe6OVZd0uz7bj5+cH4GX30Bs3blT58/PzQ7NmzQAACQkJuHHjBrclhhki
zQs0RfX+VVM/29ixY3Hjxg0sXbpU5VfgPXv2YPLkySW6QqOnpwd9fX3pr169emjcuDF69+6NzZs3
FzhN06ZNVZ6/eqWGSFNt2bIFb7zxhkpnGnlatWoFNzc3AC9v6Lp9+/YKf38hhNRIunPnzhU+f6VS
iQsXLgAAmjdvXuh42tra6N+/P4CXXVJHR0dz5aAy69WrFxwcHKR1MP+VzZI0/K/sbSc5ORnXrl2D
trY2njx5gpiYGLW/MWPGwNPTE56entDS0uK2VA5ybhJElRNoHj9+XKKeTmoaPT09LF68GEOGDMGI
ESPw9OlTAMBPP/2EUaNGYcyYMWWed7du3dCqVSu115s0aQJjY2M8f/4cABATE8MVjTReRkYG/Pz8
oFAoCr1LeHx8vPR4w4YNmDdvXrHVyUrjxYsX0jZa1NWXsoqPj5duXljcL8SdOnWSHj98+BA9evTg
SkJl9umnn0on/35+fliyZAkaNWqErVu3wtbWFt26dau2befu3btSN8xr1qyRrsAW937clhhmiDQq
0MyZM6dGh5nU1FQ0aNCg0BteWllZITg4GLa2ttKVEl9f33KFGZlMht9++63AYXZ2djh48CAAIDQ0
lCsZDE9QJwAAGAdJREFUabyAgACkpqbCx8enyLuEr1ixAk+fPsWDBw9w6NChcm1Dr8p/FTMzM7PC
P2P+Kp95J36FMTQ0lB6X5OSOqCjDhg1Dp06dcOvWLaSkpGD79u2wt7fH9evXK6Qb/vJsO3mhRAiB
+/fvl+gGz9yWGGaINDLQ1GTu7u6YNWsW3nrrrULH6dChA3x8fPDhhx8CAP74448KXYaHDx/CyMgI
enp6GDt2rBRm7ty5g6ioKJibm3NFI40khMCGDRswZswYzJ07t8hx4+Pj8dVXXwF4eRPNigwz+W8W
+Pfff1f452zevDl0dHSQk5OD6OhoCCEK3fflv/Ff/rZ3RGWhpaWFTz75ROpIY926dYiMjETjxo0r
ZBsqz7ZTv3596XFISEiJwgy3pXKsC9wciKiwoLJ8+fJix8t/o8yS3GW5pJKSkmBpaSldbndzc1M5
IBTUgw2Rprh48SIiIiJKVG9/5syZUkPkS5cuITw8vMwB6lWtW7eW5n3hwoVS9TxYEnK5XLoBaFxc
nNSQuSBPnjwB8LKtUMeOHbmSULlNnDhRal9y//597N69GxMmTECDBg3KPe/ybDumpqZSEPHz8yty
2ryOdLgtMcwQUSWEmaCgoCLvsAy8bBeQx8bGpsQnWcVZtGgROnfuLB2UdHR0sGnTJmn4rl27cPr0
6RLPLzExEa6urnj27Bm/XKp0q1evhpmZWbFdvwJAy5YtMXr0aOn52rVrCxwvrzpJenp6gdtYSkqK
2ut6enpSY+G7d+8iKCioyG20oG21uO33gw8+kB4HBAQUOl5eSHN3d6/xV65JM9SrVw+zZs1Sea00
Df+LWrfLs+00atRICibBwcHYs2dPgdPm5uZiypQpcHJy4rbEMENElRFm8nauRf1ClL9dUP7uMvNk
ZmaqXBIv7sQor3rOhg0b1HqAGjp0KNasWSM9d3NzQ2BgYLGfJTQ0FJaWlujXrx9atGjBL5cq1ZUr
VxAUFIQxY8aU+ETjvffeU9mmCqrWkndl8vLly7h9+7b0ukKhwIoVK6SQk79TAQCYN2+e9NjDwwMP
Hz5UC/ohISEAXvbClJqaqjI8f7frBTVMnjRpEiwtLQEAmzdvRmJioto4t2/fRnBwMMzMzFSWh6i8
Zs2aJdUK6NOnDywsLEo8bXHrdnm2HU9PT+nxtGnTsH79emRlZUmv3blzBy4uLsjOzpZ6NeS2xDBD
RJUQZhISEmBnZ4effvpJpYGiUqnEjh07pBt4LV++vMBfoV8NGzt27EBYWBhiYmJw79493L17Fzdv
3sTFixexadMm2NvbS20MBg4cqDa/Tz75BPv27UOzZs2QmpoKV1dXuLm54eTJkyq/WKempiIoKAjv
vPMOXFxcsGzZMnz++ef8YqlSZWZmSr8Ul6ZXsvw31FQoFJg3b57KjwB5PywAQHZ2Nuzs7ODl5QVv
b2+Ym5tDCCF1VRsWFob3338fx44dA/CyobSHhweAl1VxevXqhRUrViAwMBDbtm2Do6MjDAwMpBO6
7t27q9zQM/+PGbdu3VJbdrlcjkOHDqFTp06Ij4/HhAkTpAbQefuQiRMnok2bNggMDKyQKkBEeVq0
aIGJEycCAGbMmFGqaYtbt8uz7YwbN066uWdOTg48PT3RvHlz9OjRA6ampjAzM0NSUhL8/f2lHz24
LZWRIKoBDAwMxN69e2vUMgcHBwsAIjExsUaWuVKpFAYGBmLJkiXCy8tLmJmZiRYtWoghQ4YIV1dX
0bZtWwFAmJqaip9//lltej8/PzFgwAChra0tAJT6z8DAQOTm5ha6fHFxcWLJkiXScgAQMplMGBoa
imbNmgkAok2bNmLRokUiLi6uVm4X5ubmwtfXt07tC9q2bauxn3n//v2ic+fO0vool8vFqFGjxPHj
xwud5q+//hKTJ08W7dq1U9sGevfuLX755ReVbXLp0qVCLpdL4zRr1kxs27ZNCCGEs7OzaN++vfD2
9hahoaEq249CoRDffPONaNq0qcp7mJiYiHPnzon33/9/7d1/dNV1/cDxF9vdxgZzTn4VET/q2DIC
A9EgEaxOBxI9kOmRUA6dOqEQET+UMDrQOXKC6mQHS4qAlHM8mgdPHTMMzBN4GHFU1CUJyVkonFJ+
jDMYsrGN7dMfftnXxa8pG9y7PR5/7W73fnbv+3Mv7LnPfX12e9KtW7dk2rRpyebNm5OGhoZk06ZN
yYwZM5Lu3bs3e41NnDgxeeyxx055LEeOHElmz56dFBYWJr17906mTp2afOMb30j69euX3HXXXRnx
Opw/f34ycuTIDvWamj9/fjJu3LiMfgw7duxICgsLk6qqqhZd//08tz/Ia+ek+vr6ZNGiRUlhYeEp
/7/94Ac/SGpqak57/9rDa+mkV199NYmIZM+ePa2+7T/96U9JUVFR0ilp7WlAaAOXXnppLF++vNlb
MdJdaWlpXHfddXH48OGm39xkmqeffjpuuOGGk7/4iF27dkVZWVkcOnQo8vPzY9CgQTF06NCznnb2
AvxCJnbt2hX/+Mc/oqKiIhobG6Nnz54xcODAKCkpadfvJx48eHBMmzat6TeHHUG/fv1i/vz5Heox
/6+DBw9GWVlZ5Ofnx7Bhw5r+yvnu3bujf//+Z3091tbWRllZWVRUVETPnj1jyJAhkUqlory8PPr1
63fOv4jeErW1tfH3v/89Kioqori4OK688spmZ3dKZ/fee2+UlpbG5s2bO8zz6d57743t27e36C27
6ezll1+OoUOHttn2z+e1U1NTE2VlZVFZWRk9evSIwYMHt+iEOZn8Wjpp+/btMXjw4NizZ0/07du3
Vbe9bt26uP32252aGTizkyET8e6ppktKSpr9sa50kK73C9pKjx49Tpkni2jZKVrz8vKaBpPf6+Tb
SltDXl5eXHPNNXYUF1Rbhsz5vnby8/ObnfnTa6l1mZkBAADEDAAAgJgBAAAQMwAAgJgBAAAQMwAA
AGIGAAAQMwAAAGIGAABAzAAAAIgZAABAzAAAAIgZAAAAMQMAAIgZAAAAMQMAACBmAAAAMQMAACBm
AAAAxAwAAICYAQAAxAwAAICYAQAAEDMAAICYAQAAEDMAAABiBgAAEDMAAABiBgAAQMwAAACIGQAA
QMwAAACIGQAAADEDAACIGQAAgDSTsgTQttauXRtFRUUWgla3ffv2DveYKyoqYu3atdG9e/cO85gb
Ghri+PHj0aVLF096/163iXXr1sXatWs9AVqguro68vPzo1OnThYjTf6fEjPQVi+u1Lsvr9mzZ0dO
To4FoU3k5eV1qMdbVFQUGzdujLKysg7zmOvq6qK6ujry8vKic+fOfohqQ5WVlTF69OgO9Zjz8/Mj
IuLOO+/0BDiH2traqKmpiYKCgsjNzbUgLXDkyJGIiMjKars3g4kZaCPDhw+PJEksBLSit956q8M9
5rq6uli1alUsXbo0qqqqYubMmTFr1qwoLi72hOC8LVy4MBYuXGghzmL9+vUxd+7c2Lt3b9x3330x
Z86cpgjk4jMzAwBpLDc3N6ZPnx7l5eXxox/9KB566KEYMGBALFq0KCorKy0QtJHy8vIYP358jBs3
LoYPHx67du2KBQsWCBkxAwCIGkhPhw8fjrvvvjsGDhwYVVVVsW3btli9enV8+MMftjhiBgAQNZB+
Tpw4EcuXL4/LL7881q5dG2vWrImNGzfGkCFDLI6YAQBEDaSn9evXx5VXXhnf+973YtasWfHPf/4z
Jk6caGHEDAAgaiA9mYsRMwCAqIGMYi5GzAAAogYyirkYMQMAiBrIOOZixAwAIGogo5iLETMAQDuN
moULF4oa2iVzMWIGAGjnUfPwww+LGtoVczFiBgAQNZBxzMWIGQBA1IgaMkp5eXlMmDDBXIyYAQBE
jaghM7x3LubIkSPmYsQMACBqRA3pzVwMYgYAEDVkHHMxiBkAQNSQUczFIGYAAFFDRjEXg5gBAFo9
apYsWSJqaDPmYhAzAECbRc20adNEDW3CXAwt1SlJksQykPZP1E6dYvDgwTFp0iSLAZCGGhoa4sUX
X4yNGzdGbW1tXHvttTFy5EjzDLwvhw4dinXr1sXOnTvjqquuijFjxkRhYaGF4RTr1q2LzZs3ixky
wzXXXBNVVVXRtWtXiwGQxpIkiYqKiti3b180NDREz549o1evXpGdnW1xOGsMv/3223HgwIHo2rVr
9OnTJwoKCiwMZ1RdXR1du3YVMwBA66urq4vVq1fHkiVLoqqqKmbOnBmzZ8+O4uJii0OTEydOxG9+
85tYtGhRFBQUxI9//GNvJ+N9ETMAgKjhglu/fn3MnTs39u7dG/Pnz485c+Z4WyJiBgAQNaSv8vLy
uPvuu+Opp56Kr3/967F48WKnWeYDczYzAKDNOfsZ/l4MbcGRGQDggnOkpuMwF4OYAQBEDRnHXAxi
BgAQNWQUczFcKGZmAICLzkxN+2AuhgvNkRkAIO04UpNZzMUgZgAARE3GMReDmAEAEDUZxVwM6cDM
DACQ9szUpA9zMaQTR2YAgIzjSM2FZy4GMQMAIGoyjrkYxAwAgKjJKOZiSHdmZgCAjGempnWZiyFT
ODIDALQ7jtR8MP87F7N06dL42te+ZmEQMwAAoiZ9mYtBzAAAiJqMYi6GTGZmBgBo98zUnMpcDO2B
IzMAQIfTHo/UvPnmm/Hmm2/G9ddff9brmYtBzAAAdPCoOXbsWDz77LMxfvz4i/44du3aFSUlJU2P
KScn57TXMxdDe+NtZgBAh3U+bz/75S9/GRMmTIilS5de1Mewc+fOuPbaayM7OzuysrLigQceOOU6
5eXlMWHChBg3blwMHz48du3aFQsWLBAyZDxHZgAA/k9Lj9QcO3YsPvrRj0ZlZWVkZ2fHlClTYsWK
FZFKpS7o/S0rK4svfOELcfTo0Thx4kRERHTp0iXeeOON6NGjRxw+fDgWL14cv/jFL+Jzn/tc3H//
/TFkyBA7GjEDANBRo+anP/1pLFiwIOrr6yMiIicnJ0aOHBl/+MMfoqio6ILcx5deeik+//nPR3V1
dTQ0NDR9Pjc3NyZNmhRXX321uRjEDACAqPn/qLnzzjtj0KBBp7wNLTc3NwYMGBDPPPNM9O3bt03v
15YtW2LMmDFx/PjxZiHzXgUFBfH973/fXAxiBgBA1LwbNQcPHoz6+vrTRkROTk5ccsklsWHDhrjq
qqva5L5s2rQpvvzlL0ddXV00Njae9jpZWVkxZMiQ2LZtm52HmAEAIKKysjL69OkT1dXVZ7xOdnZ2
pFKpePzxx1v9TGcbNmyI8ePHR319/RlD5r1B87vf/S5uvfVWO452y9nMAABaaNWqVU1zMmfS0NAQ
dXV1cfPNN8eyZcta7Xs/9dRTceONN571iMx7JUkS3/3ud+P48eN2HGIGAKAjO3bsWCxZsuScMXMy
JBobG2POnDnx7W9/+4xzLS31xBNPxM033xwnTpyIlr6pJkmSePvtty/6qaNBzAAAXGTLli2Lo0eP
vq/bNDY2xsqVK+Omm26Kd9555wN930ceeSRuu+229xVEeXl50alTp4iIeO2118JUAe2VmRkAgHOo
qamJgoKCiHj3rGV1dXXv6/a5ubnxiU98IjZs2BC9e/du8e1Wr14dU6dObdF8TCqVirq6uhgwYEBM
mDAhxo4dG6NGjYrOnTvbgYgZAICObN++fbF169bYunVrPPfcc1FWVhZ1dXWRl5fXooH8nJycKC4u
jmeffTYGDRp0zu/34IMPxne+850zHlXJy8uLurq6yM3NjS9+8Ytx0003xdixY6N///52FmIGAIAz
q6+vj5dffjmef/75+Nvf/habNm2K/fv3RyqViuzs7KitrT3lNllZWZGXlxe///3vY+zYsWfc9s9+
9rOYN29es0By9AXEDABAm/nPf/4TL7zwQmzZsiU2bdoUr776atTX10fnzp2jtra22VGWX/3qV3HX
XXedso377rsvFi5cGBHvnua5sbHR0RcQMwAAF1ZdXV288sorsXXr1ti8eXOUlpbGgQMHmr7+pS99
KdavXx9ZWe+ek2natGnx61//OiIi+vfvH1/5ylccfQExAwBcKPv27Ys//vGPFuIMDh8+HP/617/i
6aefjoaGhujbt2/ccccdsX79+vj3v/8dH/rQh2L06NHRrVs3i3UWI0eOjE996lMWQsyIGQCg9ZSW
lsZ1110XvXr1ii5duliQczj5N2mysrKaTqfM2e3evTuWL18e06ZNsxgdXMoSAABt4fXXX4+ioiIL
QasbPHiwRSAi/NFMAABAzAAAAIgZAAAAMQMAAIgZAAAAMQMAACBmAAAAMQMAACBmAAAAxAwAAICY
AQAAxAwAAICYAQAAEDMAAICYAQAAEDMAAABiBgAAEDMAAABiBgAAQMwAAACIGQAAQMwAAACIGQAA
ADEDAACIGQAAADEDAAAgZgAAADEDAAAgZgAAAMQMAACAmAEAANqBlCUAADh/VVVVsXfv3vP7wSyV
ik9+8pOxf//+OHjw4BmvV1xcHB/5yEdO+XySJPHaa6+d9jYDBgyILl262FGIGQAAmvvLX/4St9xy
y3lto2fPnrF///7YvXt3rFy5Mh5++OFIkqTp6yUlJTFx4sQYNWrUGWPmz3/+c2zZsiWefPLJiIgo
KiqK6dOnx4wZM8QMYgYAgFPV1NRERETv3r1jwYIF8dnPfjYuu+yySKVSUVpaGpMmTYqIiI997GPx
3HPPRZIkcfz48XjrrbfiySefjGXLljVtY8SIETFixIi44oorYt68eU3f44c//GFMnDjxjPchKysr
7rnnnrjnnnti4MCBsWPHjnj88cdjzJgxdhBiBgCA06uuro6cnJz461//GiUlJc2+1qNHj6aPc3Jy
ok+fPk2XL7/88hg9enRceumlsXjx4ma3mz17djz00EOxc+fOiIgoLS09a8yclCRJVFRUxMiRI4UM
7ZoTAAAAtIKampoYP378KSHTUjNmzIjGxsZoaGho+lwqlYqFCxc2XX7kkUfi2LFj59zWCy+8EAcO
HIgZM2bYMYgZAADOHTPjxo37wLe/7LLLYtiwYXH8+PFmn7/llluiX79+ERFx5MiR+O1vf3vOba1e
vTq6d+8eEyZMsGMQMwAAnN28efNiypQp57WNLVu2REFBQbPPpVKpmDVrVtPln//8582O3vyvo0eP
xqOPPhpTpkyJvLw8OwYxAwDAOX6oysqKTp06ndc2srOzT7uNb37zm1FUVBQREW+88UbTmcpO59FH
H41jx47Ft771LTsFMQMAwMVVWFgYU6dObbp8//33n/Z6SZLEihUrYtSoUR94dgfEDAAArWrmzJmR
Sr17ItotW7bE888/f8p1XnrppXjllVeahQ+IGQAALqo+ffrEbbfd1nT5dEdnVqxYEcXFxfHVr37V
giFmAABIH3PmzGn6+Iknnog9e/Y0Xa6qqorHHnssJk+eHJ07d7ZYiBkAANLH0KFD4/rrr4+IiMbG
xnjggQeavmbwHzEDAEBamzt3btPHK1eujKqqqqbB/xEjRsSnP/1pi4SYAQAg/dxwww1NZyo7evRo
rFq1KrZt2xZlZWUG/xEzAACk8Q9vWVnNZmeWLVsWDz74YFxyySVx6623WiDEDAAA6Wvy5MnRvXv3
iIjYu3dvrFmzJu64447o0qWLxUHMAADQehobG1t1e/n5+TF9+vRmnzP4j5gBAKDVvfPOO00f19TU
tMo2p0+fHnl5eRERMWzYsPjMZz5joREzAAC0rmeeeabp471798aOHTvOe5u9evWKyZMnR0QY/EfM
AADQeg4dOhRTpkyJIUOGxIoVK5p97eqrr44bb7wxfvKTn5zX95gzZ04UFhbGxIkTLTgdUsoSAAC0
vm7dusWaNWva9HtcccUVsWnTpigsLLTgdEiOzAAAZLChQ4daBMQMAACAmAEAABAzAAAAYgYAABAz
AAAAYgYAAEDMAAAAYgYAAEDMAAAAiBkAAEDMAAAAiBkAAAAxAwAAIGYAAAAxAwAAIGYAAADEDAAA
IGYAAADEDAAAgJgBAADEjCUAAADEDAAAgJgBAAAQMwAAgJgBAAAQMwAAAGIGAAAQMwAAAGIGAABA
zAAAAIgZAABAzAAAAIgZAAAAMQMAAIgZAACA9JCyBABAW+jVq1cUFBRYCFpdZWWlRSAiIjolSZJY
BgCgtVRUVMTGjRstBG1q6NCh8fGPf9xCiBkxAwAAZB4zMwAAQEZKvb79xaYLJYOutiIAAEBGcGQG
AADISP8FpxZnWS0U37cAAAAASUVORK5CYII=

447
Documentation/DocBook/media/fieldseq_bt.gif.b64 Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,447 @@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445
Documentation/DocBook/media/fieldseq_tb.gif.b64 Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
R0lGODlhdQKaAucAAAAAAElJDK+vr1YMDBUVZC8kDQAAVkYQEBcHOwYGSCEJHSAgaKOjoys8DDMz
CgAYGp+fn19fFJmZmQoKO10wMA0VIAAAcDsICCsMDAcMT1MMD2ZmAAcSO29ISFUHByIAGoiIAA4H
T0pKDJaFhXd3d0EgABoaVGYyAC4AKXd3ODs7BwAAN1MAKQAAYlZGB2JlDBwcWWBtYCA3ABAQTQAA
ZQ0VQD4AAFVVVUhjSCQMJQAAfBMHMkQgIEtLSzAyDD5VPmZmDEZRB2FhEWZiDFo2ETkdCwAAVEUt
Gu7u7js7Ozc3N3d3WACPADU1NTMzMyBRIDgAAEJCEHEAAEwNDZeXAABpAEQFBSMjIxgNQDooCBA9
EEhIbwBVAAw/DAwMPgBNAENDCgc9B8zMzABDAD4MDAwOKjwKCkQWKUscHAAAcUtLFRMTEwohCoqK
AA0NTBEREQgfCBUqIgApADIAAA4ULzg+DEEfH3wAAAcHSaqqqlkcHDgMDKSkpFQAABUVRjEwCGZm
B00QEDAwXSUMJGUAAJaWlhQUUnx8jVQaGgcGLggSGy8GBmw4OGNAL4qKioiIiGIAAEsHB3JYWHd3
AAAAPlctLYQyAGggIBgAGkIVFQwcJRgYSA8MU9EAAAcHVQAALRoaYbu7AEY1H2ZmZlxdEHAAAD82
DlhqWExGHgwOUzMzDAAAmgA5KTEHB2ZmPlpaB///////ACISRExUDTJPJUQrDAwMVhISSEhISHd3
IC4xCjhcOA4ORERERBkVXElJAG5gYFhYcnt1ZkgGBlYAAAUFMTg4ODo3BTJrAFESEmZmMF5jBwoG
Q1paDUkKChxGHN3d3RwYRGZmHCgoKFMAACYmJi4YLhQ+FCIiIhU0FT0AKR4eHmVeBw04DRAsEAwu
DAc2BwoqCgAAPFdMDQAA0WAqKgwiDEgZGRkQRAckBxsTPDEwDBAQEDwAAEJGDAAAU0FBQEJCDLu7
u2IYGJoAABgYRjg4bAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAALAALAAAAAB1ApoC
AAj+AGEJHEiwoMGDCBMqXMiwocOHECNKnEixosWLGDNq3Mixo8ePIEOKHEmypMmTKFOqXMmypcuX
MGOelAegpk0AJFrSrLhTpYQ3AHoeDFpQqMCfQQHIXEh0olGBYkZtpGkTW56B0EYBfTMKCUEJEqja
7DpQDIAbBJsOJHF1qdu3cOOqVKtTKcWnEOnmlQALWk6Eep8C4Ou3YWC7JUlAg9VUL0K8vcRMRUwC
gFdoXBdD6+WE4A0kQqE5kSqwsuWBepFg8yq3tevXsPPKg4n3YW2HjnHPZrp7oODehoHDui2ysfDH
iKFi42iU6A20A5G84SsQrdE8iKdPR3181KPY4MP+NySBC4L4lHRJAI0MSwwJ0++B5nSvHqdAJPVv
LHb/U54YJzX99RR+QOnX3ntKidELANiMYlce2DB4FX9vHMdYTfIQeNZ+8dlHkFg9QSihQEQpyKCD
H9q0E4X+AfhGTir6ZhMskWGTU33Y8EWffFC5OB+CONX3V1BixVgfe7DgWFlB7621nmRMAjBdLwk1
Bw0SAEBZ1mKw5PHddQ9aNgp0jB0nQWfnpanmDTVNU56aI6lFghOLkbAcTVJh9xl28uCJBDQ2Jkkn
EqN0Js8bvWTYy3dmzfbUnFcWOhxXsznxmWhKHeooANAcmihrBhEFKaGGAtAVoH9xN1ymFa66GFH+
lv4JYEFE7eRphi/21ephJDqRR6fY1MlqnlnCkitmfZra5VlI8Fnms89CmuRy6jkKVEGLlkbntEwG
CwuKyK2VE3HfLhaapQKNuSxrjpkF50Sg9SnvvPTWa++9+Oar77789lsvPDcBsE0Tqb67kVpWDVSh
UMbRxKUEy23XV5YOFwRNrckZS93FYlRs1sNKjZLqDSRUnBBREnNsMsS0bvrtyDD6x+lRGWPsqkCZ
pSVcT4MZtCRN7M6Ws0AM70bU0UbPljDO8uQ4kAQ177a0scA5TWKVAQ8mVJECUbnqTZ/h3NYb30Hb
ssEQFZn12my37fbbcMct99xxo62RWlknq2r+mVsrhbfeRzmBDZsu68xdT33TGHDJGYc629+JG77T
gjfFHLmqtiKWFTZv3CAZr9CKcQOiC66q6uadd4yYcc+ynrdav5EYMHAIYx2dVljunGnZtWF3E5q5
5Wb3QfH6a/zxyCev/LwAB3xFEoUMnxHCuu9N5Myw/KSxQCrbZRaUNhOUMsV2XQzyy0U1fvb4qj/8
xtk7iey4+TTDn2njBJpNtF1N5Wp60QQhEABb97ikwQIbwrFa9qImEAQmRGKMsZ2MaESmdCmFBFCq
zShIs6xXWUh40gthStgEAHZYSksitIictvWIN4BmdUnzE6oEFalSQaVYjwDAVR41KEkJpRf+l5qV
piYFuOEUjESzGZUPTfWnQEmOVdYqIAVlxcDMKewvdtKf6aBFtr4s6IWq8p+dBog0xrRFVCx0YbWG
EyFslU1aLfRKyaa1GHDNMUW3QwtmDOSXa3ltiwF8Q1tw9p12qS+FiCxJoTyXyOkBpz5OkAwZk1Uf
smgobEI5UmUeMaD8eEUoSFjQlI4SIadlsnEAEsMlP4kToJDliaRkEHWIEkopSeCPSPwfYvIAoLNI
JpUEwcz7mgIxBqmnQjDsUi89N8lniRIWwIQklKSJyyRxUJokygmhbMm/I6otbH3RijFp5J4JFkR7
BJFU3rJXwUa6UySgemddxHPEhZBLnij+AVRDVEm097XmBtTBp0AHOrx7ukUeZXOIQQk6klFYqCBj
QgISbsBBuOiToRjNaHgWCieOarQjhVnIRGsCzriE5aMoTalKV8rSlrr0pTCNqUxnStOa2vSmOM2p
TnfK05769KdADapQh0rUohr1qEhNqlKXipARSOKpUI2qVKdK1apa9apYzapWocolgxwiGGANq1jH
StaymvWsaE2rWtca1oTE4BRwjatc50rXutr1rnjNq173CtcYJEQYSwisYAdL2MIa9rCITaxiF8vY
wAojIVuNrGQnS9mtAgMh0GCrZjfL2c6y9RAOYUQnRkva0pr2tKhNrWpXy9rWuna09Hj+6ALIQdva
2va2uM2tbnfL29769re0bUFCnsCE4hr3uMhNrnKXy9zmOve50C3uExKSi1hY97rYza52t8vd7nr3
u+ANr3VzkRBIvPa86E2vel17icesArjwja985/vbBYR2vfjNr35ZG1uEzJa+AA6wgHkrXIQQN7oI
TrCCF/zc6SKkuuKNsIQnTGHwkhch5t2vhjeM3/YeRB7vHbCIRwxg+zZEtBxOsYr5K1sSu/jFvi3w
QQ7M4Brb+MbMdfBBIFzhHvv4x9298EEyvOIiG7kTHjYIiGHM5CbX1sQMQfGRp8zh/h7kv07OMoll
bBAa4/jLYF6wjg3CYyCb+cwUFrL+QYhM5TbnN8lFCbGW5yxgKC/EDlPIs573zOc++/nPgA60oAdN
aD3zASF+cIOiF83oRjv60ZCOtKQnTelKK9oLCfFGNzbN6U57+tOgDrWoR03qUpt6095ISBSawepW
u/rVsI61rGdN61rb+tasjkJCzFDoXvv618Am9B4QwgdLG/vYyE62pf1wXzc7e71WNgiW6Uxt+XK5
IF4Os7a3vdwxF6TMaA63uLmr5oKw+dnobi2cPyTnaru7vs1Ot7xXG+2CTPvd+NbttQmSbW77m9ve
Jgi4x03wcZebIOeet8JJu27ftDvfELetnRUi5YVbvBP1Jsi9Ix7xfQ+k3/8O+Zf+Az6QgRf85GY+
+EASfnF5N5xoD+c4xCeekIq3fN4ZH8jGZY5vjwsE5CIPOoNJLhCTo/zoFVa5QFh+82e/fDgx5/m7
aY4QHgzg6ljPuta3zvWue/3rYA+72K/uDAYgpB5eSLva1872trv97XCPu9znTve0JyIh5uiC3vfO
9777/e+AD7zgB0/4wuvdHAlRBRAWz/jGO/7xkI+85CdP+cpbfvGqSEgrxs75znv+82LHAEIYMIG6
m/70qE893esR76bLO+cC2bnUq+1zWABd6LiPLtFhYXSk+168SocF013f5qcvefYzbz3xnw17WMge
+XOu/e1zT/0cU/f32E9zeZf+73L3Qj/fVD+Izbnf5uY///tOln7116/762f//eEN/vDJX2TjRx39
WQ6/QcpBj/77//8AGIACOIAEWIAGeIAI2H+lIAAIYQJp8IAQGIESOIEUWIEWeIEYmIEa+ICUkBDZ
8AUgGIIiOIIkWIImeIIomIIquIIgmA0JoQZtEIMyOIM0WIM2eIM4mIM6uIM8GINqkBB9kIBCOIRE
WIQImAwIIQDvsIFM2IRO+IQaaAIOUQlSUIVWeIVYmIVauIVc2IVe+IVgWIXUwIAHAQqrcIZomIZq
uIZs2IZu+IZwGIdyeIZGkBDXUAV4mId6uId82Id++IeAGIiCOIh4eA0JEQH+oZCIiriIjNiIjviI
kBiJkjiJlJiIEZAQNhCGmriJnNiJYJgJSWgBcziKpFiKpiiHoKB89Ddl5od/7qZ+7BeL1vdg8FeL
3iV/q+hs9ueK1aZ/BTF+uVhkrciLdAaLsniMx7V7vWeL8IeLwUhlu0iMc+aLBAGMz5hiwyiNWWaM
yIiMysiM4IhdzniNRhaN2uhk1DgQaBAJ7NiO7viO8BiP8jiP9FiP9niP7DgMZncQt+AJ/viPABmQ
AjmQBFmQBnmQCJmQ/lgMCREO4PCQEBmREjmRFFmRFnmRGJmRGvmQ4ZAQYPAKIBmSIjmSJFmSJnmS
KJmSKrmSIAkGCWEF+Bj+kzI5kzR5j8N2EAyQAAq5kzzZkz6ZkLegiuRYZS12juk3XN2YlN8YjuE4
jkOpYuZolDCWjgJhjU+pX9kolS/GjUkZi0vJlMzolFe5YVGplSRGlbBglWMJbUVpli7GlV25fl8J
lrUolmupX2XplgOGlmp5l+iVlXo5YHAZl9Q3l3T5fnbpl+uVl4FZYg6RCTUZmZI5mfZ4aAcxAz+Z
mZq5mQeZAAnxDWEQmqI5mqRZmqZ5mqiZmqq5mqwZmt+QECIACLI5m7RZm7Z5m7iZm7q5m7zZm7Ip
AglxAZQ5nMQpmTdpEHzAmcq5nJs5A0KpmOkFmI0JYINJmLhnmIeJfYn+CZ3oxZjTKV98yZ1Y2Zbf
SZ1IaZ3sh53Z6XvbKZ7s5X3lGWDh6Z5s6V/xGWDViZ4ip57reXTtSZ+r5Z336VvzCaB/SZ4DCl/5
qZ//xp/9eXL/aaCoJaAJultoeQ6QkKEauqEc2qEe+qEgGqIiOqIkmqF9sI8GwQvisKIs2qIu+qIw
GqMyOqM0WqM2uqKfkBDpMAY82qM++qNAGqRCOqREWqRGeqQ8mg4JoQKT0KRO+qRQGqVSOqVUWqVW
eqVY2qQqkBBQUKJe+qVgGqYk2gqjtwI3eqZomqZqaqO88JwSmlrSWaG9taAMCnDu96C/F6FvWloU
Kqe4VaB7ymL26af+wEWndaptDoqnBrd9gapu8EmoBOqmjUpacQqpuGWohwpmiaqo4aanjdqnlkoO
FyqmpFqqpiqiJ4oQKrqmrNqqrjqjOYoQcCAHtFqrtnqruJqrurqrvNqrvvqrtAoHCfEHv1Csxnqs
yJqsyrqszNqszvqs0Fqsf8Clp1qt1lqqZIqTZvqq3NqtrNqmJzapgnploTqn55mpQbepnHpmnhqo
oGqpgCqup1Wp5Rpc54quIaeu6wpk7bqn7wqp8SqvpUWv9Yqp+Gpj+rqvPtavb/qvhBqwAgtbCFqv
tmWwBzt0d6qwBMewEuqwfoqWHXAJIjuyJFuyJnuyKJuyKruyLNv+siOLQgRhDwswszRbszZ7szib
szq7szzbsz47szCQELTwBERbtEZ7tEibtEq7tEzbtE77tERLCwmhDLlQtVZ7tVibtVq7tVzbtV77
tWBbtcqQEHrgsmZ7tmibti1LAQghBj/7tnAbt3L7s/bAVHZ7t3ibt3q7t3zbt377t4AbuII7uIRb
uIZ7uIibuIq7uIzbuI77uJAbuZI7uZRbuZb7UhCUPf50HwJySIYRMFTCM6ALSDJSFYPkM2szG4Sy
Fa90ITZRUpcbu7KLESRQQRRFEEtCulBBQrB7NumTS78bvJp7uh+WHHukGaPDJU0hGu00u877vPt0
GrCAJYOUB9f+orsH1BVI4ATVZDjB6xh4YRRZpBBGAUQF8RzAuyzQu77sqxBWY71YkSN2ARmsQRzg
yz/HEb7Giz3hch/FQhBm4RVqgR3tW8AGnCTQIT9dw0nz67ncAhj5i79K1jixI0HYS0Dcgy4HvMHP
G8DGMk3W0cAIIUAnEzD7IzuVg70V3L8XfDQ30QvxxMEybLlOIAEQ0k+sdMIG0UK90FVDEcHpa054
hBX8W7zR8b9lcRogNMNMLLmPQFFYlDd4MUYMcb9BrMNDXBrLQb7JYb6eAR1L3MRi3LgXgw0wu0UD
gsQKYcVapMKI8RPEO8HB1DnI+wbK+1BjnMeMKzhG/DU2kSj+WXMyQOy6N+HHNRG6NzE1Fnwf4jQ0
bazHkBzJkjzJlFzJlnzJNEUCvbDJnIwkInFLnbzJAYXJpFzKpnzKqJzKqrzKrNzKrvzKsBzLsjzL
tFzLtnzLGhHKurzLvNzLvvzLwBzMwuzLo8xSCjLMyJzMyrzMy3zGKnXMzBzN0jzNyXxTDELN2JzN
2uwhLkUT3KvN4BzOyAwgePxR3izO6JzOvNxGNsXNLuXOLEUT5axR8gxT9fxSuVtT8MxS+6xS99zN
YZxR/9xS+UxT/axSB41SAx3PAY1RC71SBT1T3CwMjFDRFn3RGJ3RGr3RHN3RHv3RIG3RXZXQ5qwW
OLALKJ3+0iq90izd0i790jAd0zI90yiNAzIyzwKtFiG90zzd0z4d0h2wFg7cUtzcl5MabSRNz2ox
fRd7Yzr20P6sFvMnrkkW0TJV1BGLWkhdT1HdG0zd1DX21A3NUP881ZNa1UPNz6li1I261fa81GDt
b2KN0w4t1Vl9WmhtzWt916bl1i/1z18d1wo212/dG2b9qUKt1+pYnIzd2Paoj6jB1Sn1z2zQmpZ9
2Zid2azJBjdd2AMBk44d2qLNjsdp1TGF1XxNqb2R1Dnt1YK9bYT913ad2qOV1+2817SNcast2QoN
168dZrEN0Iad20iW2Lc9EGwdqH4t3B/328Dd2bI93Ln+bdv6nCpU6InYnd3a3YVjGNmeLRAfyILi
Pd7kXd4q6IL7Q9dkrRaZuN3u/d7YDYqlkdYrxc38Z4T4nd/6XYAL6N3RPRBaQIgCPuAEXuCDqAXQ
zdwCEYT73eAOjt9ION+KXZXEvdwtBdjOrakJfuGzTdvUbdC4TdsWztCuneE4FtwcLt0ebtzVjdwV
vtvfbXsmfuIbTuIrR9wfLtGpgqHX2uM+jqooytp13RuzCqxGfuRInuS+KqzpHeNd+uNQHuUZmq1J
Qt8IHeKpPeIrheEzjrA1vuUdnto5ftVYztda3tXN3eVh/eVovnQ4zuIg7uK5feaT7dtqLmZsXucq
Lub+cK7jci7iMP7fP3fnGNvkgi58by7hxy0QeBZsjv7okC5olskYvF3SvaFpp5bpmr7pnF5qqWbo
Cg4LvBbppF7qjl7aVp5SqA3o/h3qgU3oyIXiNu7m093nZP7nWR7org7rg53nvb3nfD3mp13md03n
v57mvN5+oJ7iN17rit7iFD7nus7sg57syr4q6k1QZZ3oVT7hsMADZBDu4j7u5F7u5n7u6J7u6r7u
7B7uZhDkla7UvZF3hlfv9n7v+E54iLfssw4Li9DuAB/wAj/w7C56zx7n0c7q2RTjr27tsg7mwH7X
wg5Tq57rrU7tMm7t0PXwbY7ozt7ti56WL37x/d7+8MnO8Xre7Ct+8H4uENcN3zAf89xNhpQe4+Ft
3jif8zp/guiN7THe3jIf9EIvBfIN8tAOC/f94Eq/9PxN80K+3r1xhwY+9VRf9YBoiPwO8QPB4Ezf
9V5PDxFu9Agv8tJO8lpf7RrvXCh/7LS+8mLf8mSv8DV/6CbP62tv6SrP5yx/6wlv8QtP92nfYL6O
922v92/P998Oeoq/+IwPdmVn9h1vDt8w+ZRf+ZZ/+Zif+Zq/+Zzf+Z4/+fvu84e+eY1f+qav+AZ/
+MOO62Y+7SUf+Go/+PKe98Fu66vf960P+SmP9rCvXHc/+4Vf+3t/+3Hv93O/673fbbLf2rQv8bb+
T/HEntXGTvgZn/zJ9fvMH/zOP/zQPxCS8NPgH/7i/9Fa8vTarhY/QNPqv/7s3/4z/QPLP+QDQQHj
X//2L/7P/1LmT1D7L1BQvfsAAUvgQIIFDR5EmFDhQoYNEcoDIM/hRIoVLV4USAIARo4dPXYEQOLj
SJIlQ5ZEmbIiRIkqXb48yBLmzJkyad5MqRHnTpgnef4EKRLo0JURiR51aBPp0odGmT4tqBPqVIQA
epHAmlXrVq5dvX4FG1bs2LA+qT6FOIrsWrZt3b7FOsrpWaZp4d7Fm3dtr410/QIAHFjwYMKFDR9G
nFjxYsZC/SKFyFjyZMqVLQ9u+fho5MudPX/+pqxZ9GjSpU2fRp1a9WrWrV2/hh1b9mzatW3fxp1b
927evX3/Bh5c+HDixY0fR55c+XLmzZ0/hx5d+nTq1a1fx55d+3buFN9IICjhDUEkQiFyJNwL1nlY
6df3JcgZALY8Cgc7yQxt1Jv5JJC8J+yGwoSSwAnAnABPoPkKkiuz7h6EMEKKSLiBoBtGIUgq9ggS
Q0AAbvivKgcFYm+ugTY8ET7x6hNRICT2+w+aN0aBBhYxnHCiIBMVdHAUJ1jMwwkM2wNADIL4G1FC
JZdUUgwAQkQCABZhyYM/EuEbCJtRkEDCCfVaLKjEJFG8MkNsEporSol6qXAgJLBxrL0k55L+AJsQ
XfyuPSccC3JHJv8EVDtsEqxyIGgG7YtMWHoJUdGB/BTTIEVRhAaAGg9K8w0uiyzokRwfnTMzJx4x
iIQcAXjkTIFGecTPQF+FFToKV3Wsl0fYc3QgElTFdMy+IMWyTIJcldPFUeqbFEs/5wJWTmyMhOWN
SpOMtVprj3PyvzegnRXXYN0k4Q1qFRxMWMJESlbHcd1LF1SDmPVVTqyoPHXca+/FtzcE81BVHk3f
E7bTN3q5FMz4fo03TCwrLVjdgVoVI0poH/6Ux3dFJbXTesU4k9Vi8wU55N0euVAojTBTdFd73VXY
4pZfzojXi4dds00X4aR5ZoHEuxMWJPL+NOpZaT8WuWijY6v0WUkTDVbihpolOsWlB1oRzcweGQ8W
GWm0EUeHv171R4GCHNIoUz8l9mi11x7NCZmlBjCwXuQDzOqpiSyXbvXko88+wZyYWD/+4Ow5apep
NhCAUd11MuO02YY8csknp7xyyy/HPPNYSeilc897mRgmCT73PEHNT0c9ddVXZ71111+HPXbZZ6e9
dttvxz133XeHXB7ffwc+eOGHJ754449HPnnlC08OCeWfhz566acXnnnkoKE+e+23n7460L4HP/zA
ViaObvHPR38x8oc7OX333y/M+1G4p7/++ltdXziIbrW/f/+hx59zNPI/AhaweHLxXpz+lKOU5TBw
gY8jjlSaI0HpmKWBEByOA5OjQeRQcDkehI4FH5i/4HDwOCY0DgiTo0LnmEUQC4BhDGU4QxrW0IY3
xGEOdbhDGNYgRSQEjlJQkQsiFtGIR0RiEpW4RCY20YlPJCIqfihA+MgDBjzEYha1uMUdCkJX33qO
WRZADjKW0YxnRGMa1bhGNrbRjW8kYwum2Byl5CIWd8RjHvW4Rz720Y9/BGQgBXnHXMyRORKUxyrg
uEhGNtKRb1zAFxM4kDE+0pKXxCQb5XglIP6mjoMEZShFOUpBFpKTVDyRIjO5SlZaMpIZAWMLHVPJ
VtbSlpo05AUzY0dS9tKXv/yjKd/+00nfIFKVt0RmMsnxSliwsDlmMUEapDlNalbTmtfEZja1uU1u
dlOalMjlCAeihjaU05znRGc61blOdrbTne+EZznVEM4VwkcA7/BmPvW5T3520wSSpI5ZQLEKghbU
oAdFaEIVulCGNtShDyWoEeiJHKVEIBQXxWhGNbpRjnbUox8FaUhFetEITPQ4EhSABSC6Upa21KUP
BQVApyNGZdbUlpscpnM+CUye9rSXwkRhcYxpU6KukpnOZA5Ni7rUR+I0qOWbCy99OlWqBtOkKazi
MZm6VUjKtIKz5GpY3ehUDOovqlVFa1rxCNSyBmeoYoVrGo8ay2c65haewGte9br+V7721a9/BWxg
BTtYvBbjqsVRChhesVjGNtaxj4VsZCU7WcpW1rKLBcNhIwgfBiSAsJ8FbWhFO9hbeDU6So1rauOo
2QyeVa2vnSpbidmbt6o2tXOdpEBoaVu4knW2vNkpbIX7S9mikkRa5W1YcRtQsCa3t6w16y6HO92f
QtetWXUuXJc70+Zml6u+1alrqTveQRZ3gtj1Lle3+9WBzGC074VvfAObAOsGcS4iAER+9btf/vbX
v/8FcIAFPGAC51cE9f2NBPkgXwY3OL4zMG0Iu5vepYKXjuIlb4b9aN5DopfCS13vaSf8YZtamDnB
1XCK9cjhD3qYxDYNsYQp+eL+oppYlwORqop1HAsWK6e2NFZmjMM4YiDf0sbiFEiOd5ziHtczlUWu
qZBlORBeiMPKV8ZylrW8ZS532ctfBnOYrfwJBPtGKSqYRJrVvGY2t9nNb4ZznOU8ZzqnWQVlpi1n
VyBmPvfZz38OMy8iPOQZQzmZR94ghpes4SZ30MWGrqWU61poSN8Uz8BV9KLJ2+iTPrrSRh30lHX7
aUuf8sLS1TSTL72bH5M6k5JOqmOqDGha19rWXiazqU88lz/8wte/BnawhT1sYhfb2MdGdrJ9/YdV
60aCDNjzraU9bVoLGpa5hcVuXY1JRFM006meLqex+uRtg/razKV0uS/Z7RP+fhvcwhW3UD2t7kbC
ejmopXdTm50bFL873PvGTavzzUh7KwffA2cku43Tb3/DG+C3ETjCu3pu7rbXwRfHuGDpq+sbCyQe
lwV5yEU+csvG4+G2UXDGVb5yvUKY4uwdtcQbqXDEurvhaY33Zskt80UWPDkH53kbaQ5VVN98uDln
37yDrkafIwfoS1fj0FtbdKPDFunCiTjU0dj04zxd62eUenRxXPWjn7w2Wf96GbluHLNswhZvh3vc
5T53utfd7nfHe971/nbDchzJsFAFEAQ/eMIX3vCHR3ziFb94xjde8KowO22ejYe9V97yl8e83jcR
6knHPO1Rj/xsGE72ql7+/bo7//zWOR/rdKfejGEvoc1J31PTAwftn197cbyeetjbl+qzL33oZXP7
tOeeOGJ8afKVv/yGStTvic6MNEY6fepX3/oilYbwY4NIlTLf+99PvvGHYxYxGND89tM+bJRyfvZz
L/2vkaDz2j9/6U0MqfdWIPTD+9vdPDXpz7k/g8s/b+M/3fA/sTsvAKQr1ju1/XPABDSumYKfCZzA
AuQ3CsRA97HAgMvADhSf6tCLEBTBEcyKhlEOaCDBFFRBtzDBDVrBF4TBr+CdGaTBGrTBG8TBHNTB
HeTBHvTBHwTCIBTCISTCIjTCI0TCJFTCJeSOPKGarHER81jAhWCXXxn+jL35Fr6ZkoRwEpuJGvMJ
CfNBl/tgEas4GAvhFHK5QryRGyZ0Q9OYlYG4kAxhGoPoEMAAEbt5Gag5w515gy08iJO5E2KZC0dB
kXD5D8DIGIBxEcDIPxNpqzeUxKfIlkackiqpw4LQEi7xEj3sQz6Em5hZiO9wQsNhGUaEGYuxin9B
xVRJFZ05nEmURc0YlLGBwkORgEwkCEYJGFiEG1DsRYZJiDx4klGwGULMDEMMFkuREydokw3Zk0oJ
naiJxFm0xp+IQ7UYCFvxFoXYFU/8xYTpw1M0CGOkkieJxZzpxVBsJseRBydBlr6QRljYE7AxxWvE
R6SoxG3JiArpxoP+KA9xQZNyYcRzQUV2vEeB+EOFdEeDMR+JoBsnNBtNYQ9PEQissUeDzMeNHIp9
6Zd/+UeBIRj7SBhgPEhhPAhi/Jt0PEVlJIhRUBWnEBL2SJzA2EJI3ECO1EmOIBltbCbC8J1vURmG
gBqTPMS3eckhOccaQUaE7MVIsZGQ2AiUpEelpMac3MmspIikmUZGJBOnIcqSFMdQrBqAXMiBeANS
acp1fEqE+aKNMBWCwEhyrEattEuOcJuYYBrBmBvCAEdz8Uu9iZv5AMTwgMKwYcO6ackqJIhKqQ8T
MRBYwIZF1BopoUu/vMvM1MzN5MzO9Ewe5BzSAZ2bGB3RNJ3PRM3+1FTN1WTN1nTN14TN2JTN2aTN
2jwd0cTN3NTN3eTN3vTN3/zNNZgG4CTO4jTO4yROJVgDJUDO5nTO5wRO5WRO6KTO6qRO6bTO7NTO
4pyGNdjO7wRP3hwWbAjP8jRPAGAH81TP7awGAKiG9YTP6mzP94zP+mzO+bTP/DROdrAK/fTP38QG
ZRlApzMG53AEAHAEA0VQBU3Q5jCGKdS5RxnQrivQ5jjQBmWOC2VQ53hQBRyWCWW7Cs3QBbVQEh1R
DF2ODo3A9nCMEZCEF4XRGJXRGaXRGrXRG8XRHNVRGC0YABDRQwiGIBXSISXSIjXSI0XSJFXSJWVS
IR0IDRWIGDj+hSml0iq10ivF0izV0i3l0i710imNgSc1UWFYgjI10zNF0zRV0zVl0zZ10zeF0zIV
BjHF0B210zvF0zzdUWAYCBXVmiYF1EAV1EFt0kPwKrNghE5Q1EVl1EZ11EeF1EiV1Eml1EpVVHrI
DB9tPddbLYGAUlh4AiYQ1VEl1VI11VNF1VRV1VVl1VYV1Seg07EDPpyLVYGABEvF1VzV1V2t1Evo
U6VLvfVCVF4l1mI11knF1EcRUW3jVHLAqU8NVVeV1mml1mplVVj1VBNVsln1KWH61Fs91nAVV2L1
VYHw00Rq1jMSVsdI1HF113dF1kxd1nR9vVoFVWvF13zV11X+xVZY+NRt5Vae8lYTBVd4NdiD7YRy
hYVzRa5mXdeBaFeEldhxTVYFmVd67VR/NdFo3deO9Vhr7dd/Ddjgy1YMLdiJRdliVViGxVgyeliB
sIMpkNmZpdmatdmbxdmc1dmd5dmenVk+UNaB8AM3INqiNdqjRdqkVdqlZdqmddqnJVovsFdv6Iaq
tdqrxdqs1dqt5dqu9dqvBduq9QZ7jYJmMNuzRdu0Vdu1Zdu2ddu3hdu4NdsosFcz8Nm7xdu81due
3YNfHQg+gNrAFdzBJVyo9YNDZdeUVVxirdj2uFiMfdaN/djJpdxrtVeAHVlfGliTXdzOzdWVBVbc
Q1yI9dz+0qXUxtVUz6PXyMVQjq3c14XdkNXWzI0tez1Z08VdRgVd1EvXl4WFiM3d4O0E1H3c1bVX
14Xd5P1Y2cVQzKXdUdrcgbhd4TXd3T2ull2m0RUI4KVe0yXeTeVU1h0I5FXe8s1X5pXV5wWm6LXV
7g1e612PhuVU3+WBAbDf+8Xf/NXf/eXf/vXf/wXgALZfZ2CAoBWIevCCBFbgBWbgBnbgB4bgCJbg
CabgBE4EezWHLtDgDebgDvbgDwbhEBbhESbhEtZgc7DXwHO8FWbhFnZhxoO8kh2IVhDgGrbhG8bh
AMYAvxUIBpiACgbiIBbiIabgetDe33Xf3P1e1U1X8RX+CPI13yieVvRNMvUVWNtNYtyFX3RtWd/l
3ixW3CXONux14nuV4jOmViqGBee14vLCYjD23C2WX9fzYjj2XDFm1vA9XjTmY1dVYzZu40BiX1iY
XjuWWDnGXt8tB3pg5EZ25EeG5EiW5Emm5Eq25Etm5FIQAAOGhWjqp08G5VDWJnCSYYHIhi9A5VRW
5VVm5VZ25VeG5ViW5VlG5WywV3KKp1zW5V3m5Xeap1KGhT7A5GEm5mI25ktOBh6GhXsS5WZ2ZlD+
p5czi0qQgmq25mvG5mzW5m3m5m725m8G52qmhk222IEYKPBD53RuPnu9hipw53eG53iW53mm53q2
53v+xud8dudrsFeLur5/BuiA/qiSAmYbCOeDRuiEVmhwzgRlTil1huiILqiYkubENeQwllfwdb0y
huI+9uhR/eNA1tw3vmiUReQuPuIvLmmDxWMy3uOPhulSDWmRJqVBLuSVfteTxtg6xmmJbemW5eiY
FupXvVyarmmS7mmD1Wl6pV8ycOqnhuqoluqppuqqtuqrxuqsdmozKOByFgi3y7ywFuuxvru+01gM
NYdvUOu1Zuu2duu3huu4luu5puu6VmsUBuZ1CIC95uu+9uu/BuzAFuzBJuzCNuy9Xgd7XQStZuzG
duzHzuodNlfOojyytuzLDuvNq2jSTeqD/WnIfen+oYbpmTbqULLpzj7Ype7dlEZtls5oJm7WoBbt
0S7q0jZtpG5tcVVth2Xt3HbXzzZeYO7o2Y5i0rbtUsJt3zbW3Z7f3lbucAXuJg5t4uZj4z5uQDrt
5w5X5qbjI86ESADv8Bbv8Sbv8jbv80bv9Fbv9Q5voPVqWHAvlpPvi9u4sx6IbwiD/Nbv/ebv/vbv
/wbwABfwASfw/P4Ge8WvAlPwBWfwBh+wAwPmC2DvCafwCrfw9e7byf7b+ebwBnO5n/xQztZuY43u
2J5u6j5j677uDUvuEddV7g5W53ZxXi1xPRZuFO9jFV9xPsruGedVGBfdzd5eH2fc1x5joD5xHDf+
Xx3f8RVrcSKnVCAvPhmHckut8Y1OciVXXiZv8rV68iqPVCn/Ot89B0gw8zNH8zRX8zVn8zZ38zeH
8zg38z7oaselMmrD8zwHs1yzb4FIhzEA9EAX9EEn9EI39ENH9ERX9EUH9HSwVzSrs0iX9Emn9Dm7
M2CGAjnX9E3n9E6P81ZQZmjT81En9SuzNhCXUBEH80q9ct7Lci2P3dru8j7q8VWPcmXm4p2mcluP
1Fb/PNmG9SWX9Vnfo1rn9TDH9TmOcSFH4mOPV07OYyy/8WAXdmAG5CY3dmd3VDHXOkU+5m8H93Cv
ZE3mZALQgXNH93RX93Vn93Z393eH93iX93P+NwB71QIuwPd81/d95/d+9/d/B/iAF/iBx3ctsFch
oIKEV/iFZ/iGd/iHh/iIl/iJp/iEFwJ7FWZx1/iN//Zk1nCBEAAamPeRJ/mSN3l5J4AjpuaFZvmW
d/luHmdOPmeJpnnwc74+h4V21ued5/me93l85mdg9meBJvqivz6CxnmDfvmlZ3qWb+iPX+buq/mp
Xz6KRnUFsWhth1RfTztgp/bk5fJZz3atX1RuhzqeJntH5fqv8/qvf92w7/KxT3uzXzq0T3tGXXut
a3u3p1y4x/Yv13q6Dzrf7YBLMPzDR/zEV/zFZ/zGd/zHh/zIP/yJSV1YsAcuwvzM1/wcggH+e6WF
JwD90Bf90Sf90jf900f91Ff91Qd9WrBXZYCi2Jf92af9J1IGe9UDydf93ef93o98ClBmMdj84Sd+
zbeHI04qEV2OT11+E21+FFUOP+2wEG8h5VcO5r9+589+6E8O6W8x6n8m608O7B9/7S9/7kcO7/cx
ZbmKGHT/F+yP95f/EewBAOiB+cd/vaj/+8///n+L/QcIEgIHEixo8CDChAoXMmyoEBsAhxInUqxo
cWAvALA2wgLg8SPIkCJHkixp8iTKlCpXsmzp8iXMmDJn0qxp8ybOnDp38uzpUyfHoEKHEi1q9CjS
pEqXMm3q9CnUqFKnUq1q9SrWrFq3cu3+6vUr2LBix5Ita/Ys2rRq17Jt6/Yt3Lhy59Kta/cu3rx6
9/Lt6/cv4MCCBxMubPgw4sSKFzNu7Pgx5MiSJ1OubPky5syaN3Pu7Pkz6NCiR5Mubfo06tSqV7Nu
7fo17NiyyyKRAKsXUtxGe/Ui4URMbjG6gw6/Pfs48uSbSeDGDc1Jr99Ciw9trpQ6x+LYlXPv7t3v
I9t5SMAab11CHljQqPfmDc34bWjYSMyH5lu6QNuw6NuHJcGJE7bhlgd02Gy03XcJKrigWtDcAMso
0CBhXXHjTScPLPKMAh+FsIjx4HO3AZedcU4gAQs2E8JiIhJvMPgijDGWZd0N71nn4Q3+5E1Hom4d
StAbCRqxF9989MlzI4IyKrkkk009MoqAvL3xY4ajnFgdhhqu6GGHYpBXG3w8wvdIiUi02CSaaapZ
FDQAXHmgcaNA15tQAvF2opwCGafbfen1CCdu/zlB3oDQPRjmmokquiijjTr6aFn2EfQepJVaeimm
mWq6KaedevopqKGKOiqppZp6KqqpqspWHhtu5ARH+iU51Bu83Vgrb8AVh2svb2bXC67A3aejrQFC
5QSlEpAJC5izTmergLfZSihxvA1KFK7S7QcgecIByxtzuIoHnRN+ugqhs0ORoJ+DscJ53bTw8Spc
tdHpGJS3uG407IHWjtgUEgZuNMr+iOkhitS8Pca7q62+clTrtfty65+UQH7bi2383nbuKOnWye6h
/r2blK0Y71kyosXey1G+vJVHrsHF/stUqxzBulHMTPEqL7SI8urwRhDrSGB06f34LXMXCzvxxhx1
TJXAYrgqj0aI3qffjiQerN1GWhI13LobSUDtq1A9smyN+9640XPRzTwyoFmPDGV1G6kYtn/3ct31
DSciccORAqPoMb6Hhtd11cXdACDWWmu999yNE8cR3mPD1+5TN4x4sxiJByUPuW+nDPfoVX5d9n76
WQ432KoTKjg2hLNsuH7Mwb24sXLHPbnjdJ+eYd/MAn55yE1F7WrncIPudt2P667+m9dZwypP8H9j
yDrlrt8Gu+xFjZJe2H//6TTqz5MOOYLDcT3czU6FGDDOtheHnnrYDTmk45jzjgTZI0MeIUeg0bHv
ledpTknRit4jvpF5aSOCc9y7IBcm/cltfWwrHlMsVzN0wY0EwKEg9rbGu4NFMISlG10vCNiq7jnw
RMjykO3C1EAUNU9MI5wgBrUGQLZtSDcgXAoB8WbA4nhQPTncG/789zvc7FA950Lf5FKYnhVSpWYm
2g+9SKgiWvEmWrDY2QnTB8HmWEtyTEGWhVS0tqBY6FkuO1kXT0hCXL0BQ1B0HHt6ITUIHekp60LC
zTw4vqD8sGS6Cpqt5ChG7Nn+ChuiUwr8SJCeR+RhkGxcGSLppLA43lEoEMOGjUbYyT3tcRR9dMof
b9Y3S16wOomEoyZvuMj78caRULHiiSjJyvhx0WS6mVcYsRUdUCZxlM0p5SmnAsoHyYNsxeEfCYBW
uiSGaZEorMrZCAaLtK0RR5g8nwjzd0S7wcqYTqOUE3EDq3I+5UPKypAzg4KEUViphiUcYwBzqEQb
TkVzsPobh4SioW9O03yke9eHgonHKG6JnU5xJ5lIYEe4zbOeutuTQY1YFN00UYAkfMoyhRfQz42C
oEjM6HZ086GOPlGUDF3nR51CT9scrVaI0txueEdN6J1LbpXrn1QcdDNbTan+OBqSpgh36jQzqi91
YtPbCKnnN8DhhgQljSlSnJC2mq5tQui8qCX/Z8aR/RSrGaQnl76Vxafm1Hmy7FpPtQbQspqwrFW9
KgtflbakvaF/Xt3ojpQ6sLHCR6rCmyhVZprWWq01b229Jz5N1zzrVW94ddXeXYEalc75apO9eAQY
DQrMnf0MsJRjWl6JkqPATktO4LInLAkFLZUJM47bipgJX1Y047QplE95RPvexSv6vPKGPMtVyZJm
r8fellhWeYPBIjit2L3WoMn9oq3EUNpe6lFiuJWjxpwDAN86BbhZ45UEqGs/1iYyubQ1rW7LddB2
ukmn0FLvN/eGXuy6bLv+nsxufKMLXtSqZ7xmXRWCE5ymsQ2EsE5pJkHsIqmBfDUqExZIhQnD4PxY
ZcN4o8uFSZDhp4R4xIIpyPWogmK7QHggVmmxnhQs4xnTuMY2vjGOc6zjHfO4xz7+MZCDLOQhE7nI
Rj4yp6YUFAm4iCP8Q5xURIIbqm1Eyhmq2udAgg0BD4XKVGscAORBNZGQx8pj/oh8O5JiTzbZyaN4
AwD6eqWRVBkkafvdRm7Q0zbN7F5hjsqZP3LlOoekymu+8ke2fBQqd8SoGhkJbujcES0bjNFDuQEA
3nYkj+AU0SDJEqWNEiSRiDnUSMYLCYqn56AECcpC+RCnkarmLlftzwL+xTJHLM1kLmf5ym94k60N
HZRg5xrXJPj1rIeSB49EF5BpE4NWhT0UW88T2a9eWR7aDItHPLDV0nYznLVFFEsX+9vDPrSuoWsU
RntkWYPmCLGJDe8UH/tE5HayR1bWOTLxD9n3drV/1L1oXFs6SLI+tVs4azcARDfbVfs3NqwEyCTJ
+90V/ze56bNujVCNTuaO96HfPe9kC0XPq97XAzv3noqT/DbffMShBb6ie8kDziMPipze82akYrzW
IW+5yPfzwFtXGVhXIjfIiZL0f28bG9wmzsqMxfSMD53Wvb45wuuCDf1kO4BbfziuD3T0sJ/b6kAP
OsALbGIvZzrTH1/+88XDbuCKI4HhTLaZu7t2IpYTO72whZCr6j6igD0Cy/KWKNaJrni+oxvXvS0K
u0F3KKTD/efxBg7TB8Xnhc9MDO+ZuuMNvPGrV9nEWXdLqgemN5iD/SgaL0rczZ322bN80FSOYdIT
n3YSLKvid6+7wWrPeNLzUNlN/g/lJGr4nyNu7WSPvNIbL5TaR75z6aF82adN76mRffMRYzraac/8
tBecoKd/i8LfMKLUMxr8/R6/SFxN5vDfm/oc10jAbJN7Qn+EPIGOs35U3Gpt06EIX0joBrHdGyVh
S3rcwLKAjsjVHpPl3a19msUdoOzVH/NBX71hH7xh4KSBhI78m3n+bVuTgd//tV72QR7BiYSDnR9b
BEgeCEzN2ZsKCgVo9YLpnR30KR7xPd643V/X/Nr+8SCujYLAyFvdhYQLUaAEYMjwxcrQ6dN+WImB
tQio6V6GYAM2jB/9+Vz0+aDasaC0OYEp4VoRYp0EGNi/OUFIpMfm5ZptgB4hiR4ZlpvdvBkM0sUj
6JmOjNqn/ZuRJEXsGaHZodzoWVqOFGEhyt+h+d3CZcwDAd/ZtZzH2Q0VahfyeVr/AV3NUWAQml0U
4iEi3qGtdY63vV0Yjty9AeGKuMolbpP/kV3Qvd7okWL47WFbtIktKd69CZ5SFGIjkuKuJSKWtQgj
hhy59WB2rMz+DTyIs73Hc9xMFFabr0iAg3EhKFqavDkBKIbi4lme9ImNzIkivXnEClbi0oWdbwQF
aCHOI+TSG3weLaYbr4mhpc0TFeriWjhB1b3b//VCChqFMMZfQHKiohmjOzKiQYZeeogEA7hdrNRX
tcWZRY0EFNpZhQVPUQRJhnFjoZHaHV4dRoagoAVaQprimrlhOpYksc0HJ0aE09VhpbkhAHRaCs5i
ot0jPoYER/IjUAalUA4lURYlYCiXIYXF0ZSMyXTHUpbMC16FtzCl+SHGU/aMUWalVm4lV3alV34l
WIalWI4lWZalWZ4lWqalcvwEW/qEF2JGCralXNLEW14GIM7+JV7ORGoAAJBchF/+JWA2xCjUnmZQ
TUkFJmImJmIOZl1aRpAoJmRGZkVkxF5WZWZQTWNWBmaKxmaGRiqCxmeWRkRwJmFeZmnC5WnaJS1y
RmiSxmiGRmeCRmx+xmx6Rmt2xm2KxmvCQgcwgm/+JnAGp3AOJ3EWp3EeJ3Imp29SQLFlJmXE5g/s
gnROJ3VWp3VeJ3Zmp3ZuJ3d2p3T+QHOKRiqKgXKWp3meJ3oqZwdQzmqGxm5eQifEp3zOJ33Wp33e
J37mp37uJ3/GJySEJ2wG2xMwAYEWqIEeKIImqIIuKIM2qIM+KIE+AYCCJpbJAz30J4ZmqIZuKH9e
AntWJkf+wCeHjiiJlmh+/ifiOOdkxOaAQqiLviiMxqiDSmiKimeFXqiJ5qiOjqiH7kt7gsZ77qiQ
Dul+ouiVqahksKiMLimTNmmD0uiR2miu4SiRVqmVdkKP7sePfkaQXqmXCqmR1mZnKKmTlqmZLimU
iilr3uiXtmmOZmluuue9WMMg1Kmd3ime5qme7imf9qmf/img1qkCTChtBpsPvACiJqqiLiqjNqqj
PiqkRqqkTiqi+gCh2iaWMYACBCqndqqnfiqgWsOHosZuLgA5nCqqpqqqriqrtqqrviqsxqqsnmoL
XOqYBlsuxIKu7iqv9qqv/iqwBquwDiuxFquu5oKtrmn+rq3CrDarsz4rtMrqAozqaZRqtF4rtmYr
rNZqjQZoiuWqsYaruI4ruRIrsnYrhS6rtq4ru2LrtPooiG6EqbYrvdbrtibrZsQmuJYrv/arvwbr
uUapZ1Yos9qrwR7sqb6rlsYrLPjCKjwsxEasxE4sxVasxV4sxmasxj6sEeBrYQYbKYSCyI4syZas
yZ4syqasyq4sy7asyJKCx2ZGKgqABWyszd4szuasxvoCtZrGbiKCFASt0A4t0Rat0R4t0iat0i4t
0watDcQsaqZYNnwB1Vat1V4t1mat1m4t13at134t1WYD1KomRwgANTQt2qat2q4t0yJCz4rmvYio
m87+7YaGaWpaBpmeqd7uLYOm6d1WRipaKN0ObobC6ZZ6RpcSruKe6NjirYDyLeRGboH6LZJGRuBS
6eJmLn0aLsPKreZ+bifYbeVCRt5KrumaKeVKaddgLuhmLueS6r3IAgLMLu3Wru3eLu7mru7uLu/2
ru/O7gQ0rmYGWx0EgfEeL/Imr/IuL/M2r/M+L/RGr/HWgfBSRioywO9mr/ZuL/f+riy8rWvey7wi
LPm2K7cKrGzi6r+uL/v2a8Cq6XIQbPnO77oqbJwCqfjSr/5e6/nC78d+a/sGsACba/VORuAW7P4m
8Kza7+F2hrUqMATfK7oWKgAPsAVf8LEWsGQccAT+d3CrMjDDjq8HjzA59O/fPqf6YrAKB/D7nrAB
yy8JkzAIwy5HyG733jAO5/DuBu8Ee0ZsFq/0BrEQDzERQy/19jBuZqoOLzET5/D3wisNb4Tntu7i
ii5ppliLnq4WN2nqDuyUUvHnvm61xi0Ya64VeytHZPEWrzGMdnG6rm4Zuy74jkbixvHgnnH6YjEb
7/GLuvFnXK4dK64Y++y9AC3bHjIiJ3LSPi0Sc0ZsTi3YRrIkTzIle63YNnL8lu3ZKjInd/Ihuy0U
jzFHOKzOlrIpn/LFdiwm/y9HhKzLvjIsx7IssyzMrrLMYhnNorIu77Ip82woEzJHiHAMR7AJj+7+
Y+jrCifz+rawMTsGBw+zB8+wKMsrNHtwMV8xR+yrMm/zuDKz6mYIAlezAkszMFOzOEPwNaPxRmgz
N7czAdsyZjzzOScwOcMtR0QDJ+SzPu8zP/ezP/8zQAe0QA80QedzImhwZMTmoVIqQze0Qz+0pFoq
PJPtRjAALxQ0Rme0Rm80QUfDHOsmGQfyHSM06T4uH5/0k5L0YwCySNPtINuzFLc03eIxBacxSt+0
gvoxpn6xTLvpS4dviPa0m9K0D5s0Th91hKq0M7OpUH/pT9NxSDf1lRL1reoxUiO1TicxT0u1lT41
SHOEOmCBWI81WZe1WZ81Wqe1Wq81W7e1WO/+gFI3xg/PAl3XtV3fNV7ntV7vNV/3tV//NV0fMfr+
MZbxgVsfNmIntmK7tTp8tJwG8zwrcDrncTa7s2W/82DvdNeEc2TPbz0DtTl3Nv1Odk2v82WfNrB6
sxdvtmjr72dDNWS39vySdlFXMGrfdgZPtGPCsGyT72t/dWj39sHSdlVXNm7jtmq/MTgLt287Nv5y
hDXkgHRPN3VXt3VfN3Znt3ZvN3d3t3RjQlwzRmzqQgOUt3mfN3qnt3qvN3u3t3u/N3yXty6E92Jc
r3ffN37nt357t6j+MkzDwhRzNZjSt2KU7lWjdFYrKxwLeJV69WPHNIMTKVU7slEfOIITeGL+sHSE
C6mDPzeEb/iOTni+VriF83GCZ/KCg7iOdjiXFrInvziMLy0jZ3ZxbwQkVzKO57iOb+0l07iCw4LZ
xriQD7nQgvLCRjEsgAIvLzmTZ6wq+/iIp1gEzDKVV7mVr2wEYDhizGzNNrmXf/nDgoJzt3hsM7fB
EjeF2/Zxn3ZyE7a6mrnB/vaDw4Iwwzm7onmUG/eas7mWH4Y823m7yrmH0zmg1yues7Jp7zmf6zbg
8nah1++YI+694DNHV7qlX3pAHzSjo3CKLTREfzqoh/qjSjSUa8b1XjSmp7qqV7pH+zdoA7iKh3if
G4aBlzgbn7ipM3WsmyiLS3pQ77qJijj+osOCGtv6rc96YWg4sPNopDtwVC87hwq7aVq1se8xrt/y
VkP7hva6s/+6ttctshNGrVf76V57POv6txdus3PGbqJDCLw7vMe7vM87vde7vd87vue7vr87M4T7
YMSmOyyDwA88wRe8wR88wie8wi88wze8wLuDv59YYe87xVe8xV/8vqPDum/GAz/6uh76tOu5ortz
m2v2cns8pLs6bAc3yvNvxAcGMo+8ZZe8VrN2y2eroJM5y9/8s4J81Iq8zG8zzf+4PHA2zztrzvv6
zh/9rPr8ZcR80HPz0KP4yTP9syZ9t2/EIHwA13e913892Ie92I892Ze92Z8914P3pq/+aLDJgNu/
PdzHvdzPPd3Xvd3fPd7nPdy//FFmKtr/PeAHvuCj/SBsvGbUcbr3p7T//EYUO7mXO9//hbInfoca
fmYgPuXr5+I/PYk/vumaO0VnCOtmfn5yO7s/O+kz7tonaed7fuSC/m5ne+rjp+lz/L2cAQvkvu7v
Pu/3vu//PvAHv/APP/HnPgpEvl8APDIsP/M3v/M/P/RHv/RPP/VXv/UvP8SvvuXisjYUv/d/P/iH
P/GfgeVjxm4qOZin/5I/uf+G/EZM+ZXHv/xTeZZrP2Rwufrnvy6LucoDN6FbPUCQEziQYEGBLWAl
lAdAXkKHDyFGlDiRYkWLFzFaXNj+MGGuWB9BhhQ5kmRJkydRplT5MZfDjRlhxpQ5k2ZCEgBcrjK4
k2dPnz+BBhU6cIHDmzWRJlWaFAAJhwuGRpU6lSpPhAoZLtW6devLjivBhhU7VmVLrBy5plUL86hC
nVXhxpVrsKhNnGvx5s3Y9Olcv3+nXoXlVW/hvIQ9klW8mPFJs4OzGpastu3gt4AxZ95ZF1blyZ/X
8k2ILkRp06dRp1a9mnVr169hl2bmMjJo2zUJu1u2m3dv37+BBxc+nHhx47vd0UZ7mznbu7D4xJY+
nXr12OiMPm++faZoWJc6hRc/nnx58+fRp1e/nn14SMq5x69I+AkT+/fx59e/n3/+f///AQzQvifg
k89AiCqTh572GGzQwQfZuyS7AymkyDvwIMxQww3Te++sCimkT8ARSSzRxAAJ/BBEAxNckMMXYcxQ
QrtWrBGWC2PMUcf1PIRsORuZE/HEIYks0r8UfQSSuxZ3bNJJ8WbsTDsl5cPxyStz7JEwKm0T0sgv
wTwRyS25/IxJLNHkMErPytzOO3Wsi1POOV1LpMA2PyNMl+P47NPPP43T5U48JauMAWboTFRROdWZ
kFA3nUoIKs0opVQwMh89rLbEGuvUU7IewzTTtRK8rNJT/eKMzVEn825SVGGN69LaWMULsU9xzTWl
UGmtlbLn5DE11mGjUnVKXwv+c5XYZaOa9Udku9pU12mpBYnXZ6FdqlRmuQXK2Gwlc3WVcckt19xz
0U1X3XXZbdfdcY0YFNylCJMmlHvxzVffffnt199/AQ5Y4HulkXfepBK04N2FGW7YYXe/PTgv78SQ
x+KLMc5Y44057tjjj0EO+WKDJaaJMJFRTlnllVEmuWSZKkOC5ZlprhlkMRx9OS3vdDa5155jEhVo
jIQe2qJVjcYI6aRl4pnpi4p+OqKopX6I6qppxPqipbWuyOmuIboaa7GrJltqrsGWMm2YAGjb7bfh
jlvuuemu2+678c4b27UXytvvvwEPXHC49077psERT1zxwNfOiITHIY9c8sn+Ka/c8ssxz1zzzaFp
PCJoNg9d9NFJL33yzj232vTVWW+99NRhj1322Wmv3fbbcc9d9915793334EPXvjhiS/e+OORT175
5Zlv3vnnoY9e+umpr97667HvXQwAUE9olBseygP1hZCK26ms+n7bKfIhgvuG7iVCHwAJHmLocMLT
d7uh/AHoBecbsbU98D0ECaN4AwCwEakbwa0XCXEf/ML2QP61TYFGgeDUjkUR8rEvWrB4X/ZAmDQn
POIhb6BfQrbHEQ46JA9OaNsokGChZ8lPIit0IEcK+IYYTkR+OnRIbVZoQ6w4BAk3aCAAJXK4HcIC
CU4YRefk8QYSIjEikcn+4RIj6BBoOOGIN5zIFi8COpiQT4xc2WAXQ5jGkj3CCSwEwBJ7ERkbQkOK
sNgiGts3w/1lUIi06kUF8wiZP/4QLUHko3bY9zNYmNCERkGjBLDhxSouZ5A11E4etKPIzgCSXhns
ZEKw8T81jhJc0OCeTQbYmUfIcUpi6KIQCTlJyFhSlg6BpAwhs73/ARGRh7RaJKkYvjd+zyEjJCBH
FEmrW9KShWjUJDYaIobHUZAEB1zfXaqJwP9lExv02+BdHoENBOahgf4TZzcTkodz5gGFccTGKO4y
Ck6Skp6jMiYssMFOWIghkqysCAmAGT89zhKDtRwiD/fYmSPy0mq+TEj+AZH5LGJicoeaTOZyYElQ
O5IAi4pEwikXMgpYYPIGSMCkxXCSQlg8ooHywEbnjvLNlb50pW27US86Z8DBvGGPnXNCSbcITjzW
k6iEYuM+31DMhvhTIjkUZRXfttA9Ek6jsaQNLsmHBHQylDZww8rbQinJEuqzjsFsH9wiRauMTvCE
Ym3oQanIEPJt7xFYnJBM0ZkQF97ohOSTp0NuQILtoU4Cd8loURELpI+CTqSdGSBTEfSGJ3ptoLDs
43KWKVCCRvGjhewlM5l4g8b2CpNvayMs7mlBs1o1IZnN4kN1ytq3ajQycr0LOQHgBHaK4QZv6EUc
Z0m+2sCTiuSLo/r+OMi+wyaWuSC6QTj1edy3VTUhN3DCUxEqS8sey4/z9CIHA8tVuM7WJlKFyCga
O9JTAlSYMbzoQypZ0KvKdr4crC1KIYJJMbwhUjIlX15hAVx//vUhpiSsYT3ZXAUfCJJJraUN8+DD
i/yMhvKtHw4NaNcLaxQJB/QseUFMAvMS8Q36TEgdtfpBeTghrdiyYoYnwsECpnK1P8SZfSNKvnBC
kXt1hEYcZYYT8gG0c6vEiT+juD+eBhioe13pUBccZfl8NL0bhoz67uc2XAZygi1F6wLd9kGsameV
H+6q+qoaxc7FTQIOdsgoTptDBCpQbg58m5gteeeO7k23tM0xTgr+2DZ0QnLOb+CpkLEpThYfWYV3
IXRekRBHEx5xFFOU8qUxbbRHeJcrYuhem5fyhgtmmtSlRlYTDUNkO7JYKRKosqlhjaffznrWkxEx
rX+L3ZfhutZJecSouYKEbPJXwzArdqyRnWxlL5vZzXb2s6EdbWlPm9rVtva1sZ1tbfOa29329rfB
HW5xj5vcbYWdK8mdbnWvm93s1nXj0N1uec+b3urWHQLrnW997/trjVsIF/cdcIGn24WFA9u/B55w
hXdbnPfmdNr6zTdNps1sT6s409AGu4ivbeMHn7jHDd61iyct46nrONhOrrWRG23lQ2s50EruOe+M
QBI1t/nNcZ7+c53vnOc99/nPgW7z7qV8bLWJwSmQnnSlL53pTXf606EedalPHekxcBnFaxN0rW+d
610POjBydjvvMCJNZc8QPdBC9LLVpj5hcvvb/zOmj4u8NpAw+90btKYEx27sePf7etD+w4fTHS1t
h/vhEc8EuYdc5XX/++PPo3eHO4TskLe8eALvwME3vvCJ9/zbFz87wtj98peXfO76XnrLZ/5Gmy96
5z8feyOFXnajV73lT48774jCBb33/e+BH3zhD5/4xTf+8ZHvez4IXvS1oQMHoB996U+f+tW3/vWx
n33tbx/6dLg6yB0ChuSPn/zlNz/yTRF223knBdVyf65CkXb+168dLa/q1v0LwpmX94wwk3j//zvl
MWKucdgPAA1QMeKP+WqvNuwP/xxQ/+aO8xzC/w6wAsFCAPdO4xSo/SywA1EiATWv+erPAUlQICCQ
8V5vAj1wBUsCAycvITiQBWXwI0Cw9USwL0rwAb+P8FRwBmfQBVFPgUShFoiwCI3wCJEwCZVwCZmw
CZ3wCYuQARQwdgijAjThCrEwC7VwC7mwC73wC8EwDMXwCitgByUwIbIACtVwDdmwDZ+wANSvdlLv
9v6O9dROarxE9vSwRGiPCh2PDv8u98ROgSoPEPHODucPD9luDxmRRPoQdmzPEPFOENePECXxEOXv
BhPC8Br+sRP74xFTJxIvsewoUQ4VqBKkIBVVcRVZsRVd8RVhMRZlcRZpMRWpQQCmEBJrIxu+oBd9
8ReBMRiFcRiJsRiN8RiRsRezwQxTMCFsoBahMRqlcRppMRPikHa8QxkGZhu5sRu9UWBAABdDcAHR
whAe5hzRMR3ZxRCYkf4cYgO+MR7lcR4BJgKucXYK0AdlsAbv0OIYMAd1UEX8EC0oUB9XEAh1bwMN
kgX5MRH9cQQB8v5OUBNhoSAX0gIRchAdIgYvsgIbkiIbMCKJZSLJsQc7sgIzshIdAhWGoCVd8iVh
MiZlciZpsiZt8iZxsiVfQQrHcSAdogxSISiFciiJsij+jfIokTIplXIpmTIoy6AdFREtjiEnqbIq
rfIqcXId7lF25nAU0QQRKZITPXEs8QMUPUcUvRJLShEbLTEtvzITS3ITyXIuyxIqH9IhSM8tr2Qt
8bEt9fJJwDIuYUEs6dITzdLf/vAvnYQvudIvFXNHAtMn5bIw5/IwJQ4t8vIxdYQx+U4Ix+EzQTM0
RXM0SbM0TfM0UTM1VRM0l68ndREt6KAGZHM2abM2bfM2cTM3dXM3ebM3ZdP7BPI1w281ibM4jfM4
VTP9siYhN/IkLfAjBTMkRTJWSFIyK9I5UXIrO7M5sdMAodM6pXM6UaU6hTMhLLI73S8lTZE70fP9
vrP+PGEhPMWzUsgzFGvjPNtzWtSTLdkzP6nlPe0TIudzWOrzLO/TP9NTOzXQIY6gBBz0QSE0QiV0
Qim0Qi30QjE0Qx+UJ21QMBXhAUA0REV0REm0RE30RFE0RVV0RUFUEeySaQijCDR0Rmm0Rm00Q+Fw
OTUyIQpRM3MkMuGTMCmTES0T6zDTR3eEMxeUR5FUR4A0QB1CSIdUD4sU/BIiM5tUTRTU5BwzSzfk
SQ0U9qa0E6uUB6/US2FESbnUIRrBEtz0TeE0TuV0Tum0Tu30TvE0T930BMSxQ60zDlghUAV1UAm1
UA31UBE1URV1URk1UOPgRZOGME5ATym1Ui31UvP+lAi2VOYUSBvp8VNBNR7DMRehNCHMUR1RNVXP
kR2Ds1RhAR5DNVZltR43lQAVEkH/Ey7Bc0BHElJZ7kBxVT9rleNuNVjhT1fhUz55FTMKFDEJ0lh1
ZT/7sj+htVMANExxcFnH01ddDlir1VOktTFXkhvItVzN9VzRNV3VdV3ZtV3d9V3JdRw4tB9htDbK
IAPwNV/1dV/5tV/99V8BNmAFdmDx9SlbFVsT4hjgdWEZtmEd9l3/YFghrkvRFELA1FmjdEwNk1uB
Bi0rFkLUlFMp72O/FFldVUo11vPK9AxhAUtJNu8kFuUo9mXb42IvM2NTlkg5lv8Sk2ZhVkdVkkn+
fdZBbNZIcTZnqXRndcZjh3Y9QtZWx/VhpXZqqZZd5ZVUERYW7pVgubZrvfZrBdZgk0QwFbZqzfZs
pTZigXY9YfBbP+VaMVZStBVWmvVmzdNtwTVmuyYf8ZYx4NZu43Nut/Vg4/Y6+5YxwnU72/ZwF+Nv
jVZuBZc+lfZl+o9xFyNxlxQWPHVWObdzQ2FUXdNVT1VVSbd014VVx9Y6YdVzWTdU7XFt+TMh2hRT
abd2bddO+RRrCxdQG7V3ffd3gXdRH5VwAXdSb/d4kZd2NRV2p1Vom7ZmTTZrURZp4W5lm7Fln5dB
npZYRzZ72aNorXQwqTdpifdxsdd7nVZvtab+K9H3PMDXTMV3fGPPet3xTNs3PbZ3Yh1iCN2wf/33
f5twXh2yXtHCCsfwgBE4gRU4DMuwfMM3DQE4giW4f3NUbYKQWi0XLBw3fJU1cuOibs0XPzO4LNQX
a/h2hDU4egu3gz24KkA4fEUYhR2jhKvmhGU4JTYYflm4hafiheE3hm+YJDB3TRc3iHFYhQF3h3m4
WCa3ZCrXiHeFhqVm95Cziq34ilOzNf0UPmPTN734i8E4jHkTOFMXPsEAi9E4ja1YOS2YOZ33fs3j
fVl2euUXTOg3KvESjtEjf2W2e/W4POT4eum4jmeviSWGaf+4E/h4b2f2jwO5fuOXkBHvju/+0n4T
eTwWeX0bWY8fGY8nU5IPj5IJOI8vGZOl+Gm8gyWxcpVZuZVrcid1F3CBsilpuZZt+ZaXUmz3b2lr
Yypd+ZeBeZW1knnFtYih2CRymGWVeImFwodZFoiPmSVOmWlsOJpFIpmvd5mZ2VsM+WCe2JqFeJqT
pprBmQaR2Hy1eZt9wpmvF5qjeYhFNiE2t3XpWR5Bd4tF13T1eZ/JBXV3mXJrY3XreaC78XXbeEdh
ARWpcaEZuqFj8RZj2Xx5MRkpuqIt+qKPcRkdGH6f0aE9+qMX2hqJWXFhoUdLuZMrOZJBGfS6eV4Q
+Y8z2YQ3GY5RepQ/eaXdTpQjtWdLOab+a3im77emd1pMcTpMdPpXj7SUoUScjWb3JvipofoJBZgi
DXiBrfqqsdoLG7iMXRWCo/qrwboWKngAudeYyxkksBmS01mdeYKdIdmdjxmeodaszzoW0tqTA5et
5cKt8RquoViuyxoWOLKu7fqcOViv97qlweWbCTsWAFt/6fqs7zql1xqxCYKvU9qvjfix+zghliAF
QDu0RXu0Sbu0Tfu0UTu1VXu1Q1uU6HWoHcIeZHu2abu2bfu2cTu3dXu3ebu3aVuxs4UwlIG1ibu4
jfu4V9sVmHpoXnucBxi2BRM+YYesIbuYrVO6XXW6M5CIrRu7s9a7G4e6Ue6PXKe8zdv+vJu7W+Xp
vNm7vUUHnlBw7dbbvem7vicHuFBvcfR7v/mbgpqvvwE8wAEnvhVRwA38wOdG2xR8wRm8wR38wSE8
wiV8wim8wi38wjE8wzV8wzm8wz38w0E8xEV8xEm8xE38xFE8xVV8xVm8xV38xWE8sRrJltyMifpr
uy2EgQgqbrwMg9wmnypC2A5IsioqbrTIgObs2MAsqvgHz2L8yZmDBGhMtB6iLYSIt9qmpLZstn5G
iDiozUwsIuCsc6DBiNxKiySrc8TACU6LsuZr1aAMyuW8MLZnhz7KxCIMwSLinZCgieK8xhLpWbxc
O9gruxLClHBGkXqBxrTK0gy9qjD+ac4l/TPyKsK0qJv0HCJ6YYcOq8vvwtMtzI5OSSKI3CXc61k+
CruOys3Hi5wm/dULQ8q9R4F64RGUa+8KXbNeC9Rfi75oPLcEy9cH3SLEC3SUHNaRHSnqfJG2CXxu
fSKEvHCMfMe/bNitLMZIwIVGS8etfcvZKtnBnSucQALUSSF86Nkj4hF8C9jOfMcF/VhWyMAwQr9q
LNUhIpyI3cyYKLbCvd+R4hFEK1KyrG3wC0GgacLevd27vTMCqor2rMaYzCF6waUGT7yoy98xPiNM
Kaxey4bsHeHli9fJC8wp4rc6p4BOS5HoaLJWScK8/TlmLONlPiacoOHri4EmaMv+56vO+MfLfjzM
I0LO0tzOqMqOkLx/AOzRm/zYZ77pdUcMHN3ppX7qqR7Cbw3X3k0tJIDbzE0puq3qwT7sxX7syb7s
zf7s0T7t1X7t2f7B7fvt4R5y2B1sQCfu7Z6+517k7n7v2fveEPzv/57A/RHwCV/ABR/jCj/x+/sF
rzu7Hd9zxBvxGR+8AZfyDQfHsSbyNZkiLT98tZt2NF+mHaJibKb0TZ9mgBtaTub0Wb/1Qyb1kSVm
XH/2aR9jRCn0f9ohLoEeeL/3ff/3gT/4hX/4ib/4jf/4eb8PYN9XCOMZquD5oT/6pX/6qb/6rf/6
sT/7tf/5n2H5ayVBSgH5xX/+/Mm//I/fp6dYgTBEqTtBSyJQkIuapTdaa86E/dEfldWf/d3D+1kl
D+O/kAECFix5AOQJPIgwocKFDBs6fAgx4kMSAA7Ko9cpo8aNHDt6/AgypMiRJDNeOkhRosqVLFu6
bAiAxMFLJWvavImTJCSLBV/6/AlUJUGDAp8wOYo0qdKlTJs6fQo1qtSjT3gSDYo1a9CUAi/m/Ao2
rMiTArlqPYv2Z8yDBzy4fQs3rty5dOvavYs3r9tFVtP6/ctw6MFw4AobPow4seLFjBs7fgy5cLi+
gCsDNstgmN7NnDt7znsAZUXLpEmvFUhTrOrVX3d27Vk6NlbBRafavo07t9T+qq+vyv7t0qxX1sSL
jxUNPDnW07BSG38OvZPrgbCVW4dIG5ZR3dy7e3/Km7rv6+QVCscYPT1xsrDMln/vkLlz9fTBTs8O
H3727d/7+9cdHn75lXdefQZ+xZ57Ay4Ii3wHPmjTfdUxeN1+/12IYVQBTkihcgVCCOJxZY3W4YDM
BfJZiiqueNcwlJWoXHbfhEFjjTbeiGOOOu7IY48+/kjjNy/CCJxZfLCIZJIrBoIckfA5GGKUHkk4
npOlWZhhllpSNaSVpX0oZZgmNenldVCKGSaVZcqG5ZZu/rdhlWv+BSaaUSZI4pzAnWlniGrqaVmb
bw7aXZyAWlZnnxDieej+njIJNA89kk5KaaWWXopppppuymmnkvbRZaNnZZfNF6aeimqqqq7Kaquu
vgprrKZmE6qoWZklQCme7sprr752Og+ZtlrG3Dx3HItsssouy2yzzj4LbbTSHktMrcMClZ0WVWzL
bbfefgtuuOKOS2655m6rhbXX+oQrIdO+C2+88kob7IjrEvtoc4pG+ee9s1XHH6EC42aov1gluq+B
jBrsF58JG9gvwz4JOnDFGqorsUQIP6zewhlr5TDH6kX8MUsUW4wyUwWX3NLGIkPnMctAMXdAOzbf
jHPOOu/Mc88+/wx00DbPgbHMgVUHhxxKL810004/DXXUUk9NddVKw1H+tNHmkcgAFEJ/DXbYYgcd
mr1aq5XvfC+nR/LZDp2cctxc9ua2xiQOt3bHwta9Ush5G9c23wrBLXfKKwvOkMt/sxYz4hH5vThr
gTtOd22FX87E4ZQjpHjkYjW+OUxpew7d5JQTjvnAmofe3t3okV4c6KwrdKKStt+Ol4uVz747YZH9
Dnzwwj822e68G4l78srDxaTZvDMEOez2Zc036qkTunronUuPk+zPCxQ99ziZ7rj117+Z/ebbi1+T
99+Hz35N5CNu/vlbpk/5+vGP5P7z8O8/kvkJrn72yxL+HKc/AIKkf7xjzjkGAMEISnCCFKygBS+I
wQxqcIMQbAX16pb+HXN0YYQkLKEJT4jCFKpwhSxsoQtHaI4Pug0zzuCgDW+Iwxxu8Bx7+95B/qdA
kAiwegArIMoOiLgEBrEjDJwdEJfYkSGCsIhGrBgSBadEKGqkiax7ohY1IkW3EbCKcJLh2bL4RS6G
rli/aqMb37gpUBlvdqSSlR3viMc8xopWc2QdrnQFx0AKso31ap0PF8IcREhhkYxspCMfCclISnKS
lKykJRdpAzNqLTvXOJcnPwnKUJrrGpo0Gq6occlUqnKVrLQkInp4SC9+UTqllNkYydifK/INjVpU
4+Zk+cUwnu2WuPSOLuvGSyj6knLA1KIwN0nFYqKvlixL5hKX6Tj+B2pgm9zspje/Cc5winOc5Cyn
ObfpwT6GLju6aIA73wnPeMpznvSspz3vic98ulMX1CwZDc8J0IAKdKDm5KHzDvnDfC2AHAxtqEMf
CtGISnSiFK2oRS/K0Bb082PZyUUsPgrSkIp0pCQtqUlPitKUqvSjudhoxoSzCozKdKY0relFFwBL
HzJnoTbtqU9/SlGNqnNzHV2pUY+K1KSqtKVDzd/dYgrUqEq1pzg9KEIbpNCpanWrFhWqeHxYVKWK
daxkPSlTv/o9mHJ1rWxtaFUNedWEHoSnba3rVL0qINaFtax87atSz5pX7T3VroSN6lsVhFDm+MEN
jG2sYx8L2cj+SnaylK2sZS/LWC+4VGLZiUIzPgva0Ip2tKQtrWlPi9rUqvazUdgsw4yE2djKdra0
xawfcvq+rBZ2tzbFK4f0Wh2P+nW4xEUpYH8rWItAlbfMxehh83TVnTZ3ul11rcH2Wtzsave4clLf
YKkL3og+N65yFQhdw4tecvi2u6cLrnbfm13u+lCt6U3veMmL1bnWN73rBat74Qvgvso3rd/dL3jv
S17m8EIcDG6wgx8M4QhLeMIUrrCFL8zgT1jXX9lRwSQ+DOIQi3jEJC6xiU+M4hSr+MMq2PC9MLMC
DMt4xjSu8YV5gVv/6dbA1O3v97Ab4CAndcDPoy+Pp4vguEr+98jT9fHzgCzkKC/VxesyMpN5m+To
7vjKu3Uy76As5TCXlMjHKzCXC5vlxOaLADpos5vfDOc4y3nOdK6zne+M5zYbgMrXyo4QqADoQAt6
0IQutKEPjehEK3rRgBYCn4eFKxrkedKUrrSl8UyAHDcwX6BYhac/DepQi3rUpC61qU+N6lR72giP
tlV2IhCKWMt61rSuta1vjetc63rXvI51BFotKlxZQNXELraxj51qUGjaiVs+s129TMf/innaYwZ2
o6zs7LqmOZbNzjZboQ3cqwiX2uQOKZlnh21vr3XbOu22urcK7nVKu9zlPrcfzfxurrI7twe5hSf+
DfCAC3z+4AQvuMEPjvCEK/zfxbD2obIDhldIfOIUr7jFL47xjGt84xzvuMTB4HBAYSYBCy+5yU+O
coXfYtlddHe+pRpvos6b3tS2d3K7styXb3XfOtavzrka8/aKm+b0trl3lftzfbN8jS5Pek+DXr6Z
Ez3MRncq0p0+VZ5v2udYjyrU6Sf1qUe56gjEd9epuvRf5svfKW+7299+8IY3NepXcQAg7o73vOt9
73zvu9//DvjAC/7uDgi5nkYO98Qr3u0rt6qauX52n359gGEXe5DJnkSzR56mWmc25Ddf08kTceiW
FzPmsah50Ds37cxsuuorKvopkr70Uj79LlP/+op2vuX+B+k0sn8P/OCbmtVzB/tV1NCG5Ct/+cxv
vvOfD/3oS3/61E++Ggw/J2ELf/vcB76yHc/tg7D50uQvv/nrvOfiU/4qQui1+98P//jz2tHqv/1B
BCDp8+t//+TPNPjb/Xm5d1GxJ0aVR3vvZXvIhHsCKFG7x3QByIBBhX1rAmYHiIATWCbpFoET5YBq
B4EbGFEEOEwGaIHFlYAztIAg6Fasl035Ug9eAIMxKIMzSIM1aIM3iIM5qIM7CIOJgIFekh3rEABD
SIRFaIRHiIRJqIRLyIRN6IRDuA4/aCWYMQE8aIVXiIVZuIP1wIKIs2QqKIH1J3sHMW4lCGAneEYp
CIb+Hdh6HwiGDSWC0DR7ZghfaKg1GviGK/h//GZeeThRcWg0FUiHw2WHpqSGKsiGLeiGeQiItkSC
g8hXhSgzeOiHieiF+bIF9qCJm8iJneiJnwiKoSiKo0iKpaiJgiCFTpIdrpACreiKrwiLsSiLs0iL
tWiLt4iLregKqUgkZiEGpgiMwSiMw2iKW9CFgsMcX4ZcMsdedDdf0IVu0Bh+P7aMQudfzZh5h4RY
0/hk1eiM1IiNqKeN0qhTvUAC54iO6aiO68iO7eiO7wiP8SiP7zgK3gh2ozCP+aiP+8iP/XiO9RiO
t+ePA0mQBamPvUCO7wMAC8mQDemQDwmRESmRE0kokRVpkRYZkFN0kRvJkR3pkR/pkBmJgiBJkiVp
kh6JXympkivJkm4TEAA7

37
Documentation/DocBook/media/nv12mt.gif.b64 Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,37 @@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=

121
Documentation/DocBook/media/nv12mt_example.gif.b64 Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,121 @@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213
Documentation/DocBook/media/pipeline.png.b64 Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,213 @@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==

206
Documentation/DocBook/media/selection.png.b64 Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,206 @@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269
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/biblio.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
<bibliography>
<title>References</title>
<biblioentry id="eia608">
<abbrev>EIA&nbsp;608-B</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Electronic Industries Alliance (<ulink
url="http://www.eia.org">http://www.eia.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>EIA 608-B "Recommended Practice for Line 21 Data
Service"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="en300294">
<abbrev>EN&nbsp;300&nbsp;294</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>EN 300 294 "625-line television Wide Screen Signalling
(WSS)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="ets300231">
<abbrev>ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;231</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink
url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ETS 300 231 "Specification of the domestic video
Programme Delivery Control system (PDC)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="ets300706">
<abbrev>ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;706</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(<ulink url="http://www.etsi.org">http://www.etsi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ETS 300 706 "Enhanced Teletext specification"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="mpeg2part1">
<abbrev>ISO&nbsp;13818-1</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>), International
Organisation for Standardisation (<ulink
url="http://www.iso.ch">http://www.iso.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 "Information
technology &mdash; Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="mpeg2part2">
<abbrev>ISO&nbsp;13818-2</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>), International
Organisation for Standardisation (<ulink
url="http://www.iso.ch">http://www.iso.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO/IEC 13818-2 "Information
technology &mdash; Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information: Video"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu470">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.470</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.470-6 "Conventional Television
Systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu601">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.601</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.601-5 "Studio Encoding Parameters
of Digital Television for Standard 4:3 and Wide-Screen 16:9 Aspect
Ratios"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu653">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.653</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.653-3 "Teletext systems"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu709">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.709</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.709-5 "Parameter values for the
HDTV standards for production and international programme
exchange"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu1119">
<abbrev>ITU&nbsp;BT.1119</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union (<ulink
url="http://www.itu.ch">http://www.itu.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-R Recommendation BT.1119 "625-line
television Wide Screen Signalling (WSS)"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="jfif">
<abbrev>JFIF</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Independent JPEG Group (<ulink
url="http://www.ijg.org">http://www.ijg.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>JPEG File Interchange Format</title>
<subtitle>Version 1.02</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="itu-t81">
<abbrev>ITU-T.81</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Telecommunication Union
(<ulink url="http://www.itu.int">http://www.itu.int</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>ITU-T Recommendation T.81
"Information Technology &mdash; Digital Compression and Coding of Continous-Tone
Still Images &mdash; Requirements and Guidelines"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="w3c-jpeg-jfif">
<abbrev>W3C JPEG JFIF</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>The World Wide Web Consortium (<ulink
url="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG">http://www.w3.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>JPEG JFIF</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte12m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;12M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 12M-1999 "Television, Audio and Film - Time and
Control Code"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte170m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;170M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 170M-1999 "Television - Composite Analog Video
Signal - NTSC for Studio Applications"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="smpte240m">
<abbrev>SMPTE&nbsp;240M</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
(<ulink url="http://www.smpte.org">http://www.smpte.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>SMPTE 240M-1999 "Television - Signal Parameters -
1125-Line High-Definition Production"</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="iec62106">
<abbrev>IEC&nbsp;62106</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Electrotechnical Commission
(<ulink url="http://www.iec.ch">http://www.iec.ch</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Specification of the radio data system (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting
in the frequency range from 87,5 to 108,0 MHz</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="nrsc4">
<abbrev>NRSC-4-B</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>National Radio Systems Committee
(<ulink url="http://www.nrscstandards.org">http://www.nrscstandards.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>NRSC-4-B: United States RBDS Standard</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="iso12232">
<abbrev>ISO&nbsp;12232:2006</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>International Organization for Standardization
(<ulink url="http://www.iso.org">http://www.iso.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>Photography &mdash; Digital still cameras &mdash; Determination
of exposure index, ISO speed ratings, standard output sensitivity, and
recommended exposure index</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="cea861">
<abbrev>CEA-861-E</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Consumer Electronics Association
(<ulink url="http://www.ce.org">http://www.ce.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>A DTV Profile for Uncompressed High Speed Digital Interfaces</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="vesadmt">
<abbrev>VESA&nbsp;DMT</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Video Electronics Standards Association
(<ulink url="http://www.vesa.org">http://www.vesa.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>VESA and Industry Standards and Guidelines for Computer Display Monitor Timing (DMT)</title>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="vesaedid">
<abbrev>EDID</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Video Electronics Standards Association
(<ulink url="http://www.vesa.org">http://www.vesa.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>VESA Enhanced Extended Display Identification Data Standard</title>
<subtitle>Release A, Revision 2</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="hdcp">
<abbrev>HDCP</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Digital Content Protection LLC
(<ulink url="http://www.digital-cp.com">http://www.digital-cp.com</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System</title>
<subtitle>Revision 1.3</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="hdmi">
<abbrev>HDMI</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>HDMI Licensing LLC
(<ulink url="http://www.hdmi.org">http://www.hdmi.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>High-Definition Multimedia Interface</title>
<subtitle>Specification Version 1.4a</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
<biblioentry id="dp">
<abbrev>DP</abbrev>
<authorgroup>
<corpauthor>Video Electronics Standards Association
(<ulink url="http://www.vesa.org">http://www.vesa.org</ulink>)</corpauthor>
</authorgroup>
<title>VESA DisplayPort Standard</title>
<subtitle>Version 1, Revision 2</subtitle>
</biblioentry>
</bibliography>

659
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/capture.c.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
<programlisting>
/*
* V4L2 video capture example
*
* This program can be used and distributed without restrictions.
*
* This program is provided with the V4L2 API
* see http://linuxtv.org/docs.php for more information
*/
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;assert.h&gt;
#include &lt;getopt.h&gt; /* getopt_long() */
#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt; /* low-level i/o */
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#include &lt;errno.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/stat.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/time.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/mman.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;
#include &lt;linux/videodev2.h&gt;
#define CLEAR(x) memset(&amp;(x), 0, sizeof(x))
enum io_method {
IO_METHOD_READ,
IO_METHOD_MMAP,
IO_METHOD_USERPTR,
};
struct buffer {
void *start;
size_t length;
};
static char *dev_name;
static enum io_method io = IO_METHOD_MMAP;
static int fd = -1;
struct buffer *buffers;
static unsigned int n_buffers;
static int out_buf;
static int force_format;
static int frame_count = 70;
static void errno_exit(const char *s)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s error %d, %s\n", s, errno, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
static int xioctl(int fh, int request, void *arg)
{
int r;
do {
r = ioctl(fh, request, arg);
} while (-1 == r &amp;&amp; EINTR == errno);
return r;
}
static void process_image(const void *p, int size)
{
if (out_buf)
fwrite(p, size, 1, stdout);
fflush(stderr);
fprintf(stderr, ".");
fflush(stdout);
}
static int read_frame(void)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
unsigned int i;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
if (-1 == read(fd, buffers[0].start, buffers[0].length)) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
return 0;
case EIO:
/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
/* fall through */
default:
errno_exit("read");
}
}
process_image(buffers[0].start, buffers[0].length);
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &amp;buf)) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
return 0;
case EIO:
/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
/* fall through */
default:
errno_exit("VIDIOC_DQBUF");
}
}
assert(buf.index &lt; n_buffers);
process_image(buffers[buf.index].start, buf.bytesused);
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &amp;buf)) {
switch (errno) {
case EAGAIN:
return 0;
case EIO:
/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */
/* fall through */
default:
errno_exit("VIDIOC_DQBUF");
}
}
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i)
if (buf.m.userptr == (unsigned long)buffers[i].start
&amp;&amp; buf.length == buffers[i].length)
break;
assert(i &lt; n_buffers);
process_image((void *)buf.m.userptr, buf.bytesused);
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
break;
}
return 1;
}
static void mainloop(void)
{
unsigned int count;
count = frame_count;
while (count-- &gt; 0) {
for (;;) {
fd_set fds;
struct timeval tv;
int r;
FD_ZERO(&amp;fds);
FD_SET(fd, &amp;fds);
/* Timeout. */
tv.tv_sec = 2;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
r = select(fd + 1, &amp;fds, NULL, NULL, &amp;tv);
if (-1 == r) {
if (EINTR == errno)
continue;
errno_exit("select");
}
if (0 == r) {
fprintf(stderr, "select timeout\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (read_frame())
break;
/* EAGAIN - continue select loop. */
}
}
}
static void stop_capturing(void)
{
enum <link linkend="v4l2-buf-type">v4l2_buf_type</link> type;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
/* Nothing to do. */
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &amp;type))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMOFF");
break;
}
}
static void start_capturing(void)
{
unsigned int i;
enum <link linkend="v4l2-buf-type">v4l2_buf_type</link> type;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
/* Nothing to do. */
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i) {
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = i;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
}
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &amp;type))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMON");
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i) {
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
buf.index = i;
buf.m.userptr = (unsigned long)buffers[i].start;
buf.length = buffers[i].length;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QBUF");
}
type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &amp;type))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_STREAMON");
break;
}
}
static void uninit_device(void)
{
unsigned int i;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
free(buffers[0].start);
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i)
if (-1 == munmap(buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length))
errno_exit("munmap");
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n_buffers; ++i)
free(buffers[i].start);
break;
}
free(buffers);
}
static void init_read(unsigned int buffer_size)
{
buffers = calloc(1, sizeof(*buffers));
if (!buffers) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
buffers[0].length = buffer_size;
buffers[0].start = malloc(buffer_size);
if (!buffers[0].start) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
static void init_mmap(void)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-requestbuffers">v4l2_requestbuffers</link> req;
CLEAR(req);
req.count = 4;
req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &amp;req)) {
if (EINVAL == errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support "
"memory mapping\n", dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
errno_exit("VIDIOC_REQBUFS");
}
}
if (req.count &lt; 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient buffer memory on %s\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
buffers = calloc(req.count, sizeof(*buffers));
if (!buffers) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers &lt; req.count; ++n_buffers) {
struct <link linkend="v4l2-buffer">v4l2_buffer</link> buf;
CLEAR(buf);
buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
buf.index = n_buffers;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &amp;buf))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF");
buffers[n_buffers].length = buf.length;
buffers[n_buffers].start =
mmap(NULL /* start anywhere */,
buf.length,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE /* required */,
MAP_SHARED /* recommended */,
fd, buf.m.offset);
if (MAP_FAILED == buffers[n_buffers].start)
errno_exit("mmap");
}
}
static void init_userp(unsigned int buffer_size)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-requestbuffers">v4l2_requestbuffers</link> req;
CLEAR(req);
req.count = 4;
req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &amp;req)) {
if (EINVAL == errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support "
"user pointer i/o\n", dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
errno_exit("VIDIOC_REQBUFS");
}
}
buffers = calloc(4, sizeof(*buffers));
if (!buffers) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers &lt; 4; ++n_buffers) {
buffers[n_buffers].length = buffer_size;
buffers[n_buffers].start = malloc(buffer_size);
if (!buffers[n_buffers].start) {
fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
}
static void init_device(void)
{
struct <link linkend="v4l2-capability">v4l2_capability</link> cap;
struct <link linkend="v4l2-cropcap">v4l2_cropcap</link> cropcap;
struct <link linkend="v4l2-crop">v4l2_crop</link> crop;
struct <link linkend="v4l2-format">v4l2_format</link> fmt;
unsigned int min;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &amp;cap)) {
if (EINVAL == errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is no V4L2 device\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
} else {
errno_exit("VIDIOC_QUERYCAP");
}
}
if (!(cap.capabilities &amp; V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is no video capture device\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
if (!(cap.capabilities &amp; V4L2_CAP_READWRITE)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support read i/o\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
if (!(cap.capabilities &amp; V4L2_CAP_STREAMING)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s does not support streaming i/o\n",
dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
break;
}
/* Select video input, video standard and tune here. */
CLEAR(cropcap);
cropcap.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (0 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_CROPCAP, &amp;cropcap)) {
crop.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
crop.c = cropcap.defrect; /* reset to default */
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_CROP, &amp;crop)) {
switch (errno) {
case EINVAL:
/* Cropping not supported. */
break;
default:
/* Errors ignored. */
break;
}
}
} else {
/* Errors ignored. */
}
CLEAR(fmt);
fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
if (force_format) {
fmt.fmt.pix.width = 640;
fmt.fmt.pix.height = 480;
fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV;
fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED;
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &amp;fmt))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_S_FMT");
/* Note VIDIOC_S_FMT may change width and height. */
} else {
/* Preserve original settings as set by v4l2-ctl for example */
if (-1 == xioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_FMT, &amp;fmt))
errno_exit("VIDIOC_G_FMT");
}
/* Buggy driver paranoia. */
min = fmt.fmt.pix.width * 2;
if (fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline &lt; min)
fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline = min;
min = fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline * fmt.fmt.pix.height;
if (fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage &lt; min)
fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage = min;
switch (io) {
case IO_METHOD_READ:
init_read(fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage);
break;
case IO_METHOD_MMAP:
init_mmap();
break;
case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:
init_userp(fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage);
break;
}
}
static void close_device(void)
{
if (-1 == close(fd))
errno_exit("close");
fd = -1;
}
static void open_device(void)
{
struct stat st;
if (-1 == stat(dev_name, &amp;st)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot identify '%s': %d, %s\n",
dev_name, errno, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (!S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is no device\n", dev_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
fd = open(dev_name, O_RDWR /* required */ | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
if (-1 == fd) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open '%s': %d, %s\n",
dev_name, errno, strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
static void usage(FILE *fp, int argc, char **argv)
{
fprintf(fp,
"Usage: %s [options]\n\n"
"Version 1.3\n"
"Options:\n"
"-d | --device name Video device name [%s]\n"
"-h | --help Print this message\n"
"-m | --mmap Use memory mapped buffers [default]\n"
"-r | --read Use read() calls\n"
"-u | --userp Use application allocated buffers\n"
"-o | --output Outputs stream to stdout\n"
"-f | --format Force format to 640x480 YUYV\n"
"-c | --count Number of frames to grab [%i]\n"
"",
argv[0], dev_name, frame_count);
}
static const char short_options[] = "d:hmruofc:";
static const struct option
long_options[] = {
{ "device", required_argument, NULL, 'd' },
{ "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
{ "mmap", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
{ "read", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
{ "userp", no_argument, NULL, 'u' },
{ "output", no_argument, NULL, 'o' },
{ "format", no_argument, NULL, 'f' },
{ "count", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
dev_name = "/dev/video0";
for (;;) {
int idx;
int c;
c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
short_options, long_options, &amp;idx);
if (-1 == c)
break;
switch (c) {
case 0: /* getopt_long() flag */
break;
case 'd':
dev_name = optarg;
break;
case 'h':
usage(stdout, argc, argv);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
case 'm':
io = IO_METHOD_MMAP;
break;
case 'r':
io = IO_METHOD_READ;
break;
case 'u':
io = IO_METHOD_USERPTR;
break;
case 'o':
out_buf++;
break;
case 'f':
force_format++;
break;
case 'c':
errno = 0;
frame_count = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
if (errno)
errno_exit(optarg);
break;
default:
usage(stderr, argc, argv);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
open_device();
init_device();
start_capturing();
mainloop();
stop_capturing();
uninit_device();
close_device();
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
return 0;
}
</programlisting>

1102
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/common.xml Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

2729
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/compat.xml Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

5465
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/controls.xml Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

BIN
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/crop.pdf Normal file
View file

Binary file not shown.

110
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-capture.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
<title>Video Capture Interface</title>
<para>Video capture devices sample an analog video signal and store
the digitized images in memory. Today nearly all devices can capture
at full 25 or 30 frames/second. With this interface applications can
control the capture process and move images from the driver into user
space.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 video capture devices are accessed through
character device special files named <filename>/dev/video</filename>
and <filename>/dev/video0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/video63</filename> with major number 81 and minor
numbers 0 to 63. <filename>/dev/video</filename> is typically a
symbolic link to the preferred video device. Note the same device
files are used for video output devices.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the video capture interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. As secondary device functions
they may also support the <link linkend="overlay">video overlay</link>
(<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant>) and the <link
linkend="raw-vbi">raw VBI capture</link>
(<constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_CAPTURE</constant>) interface. At least one of
the read/write or streaming I/O methods must be supported. Tuners and
audio inputs are optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Video capture devices shall support <link
linkend="audio">audio input</link>, <link
linkend="tuner">tuner</link>, <link linkend="control">controls</link>,
<link linkend="crop">cropping and scaling</link> and <link
linkend="streaming-par">streaming parameter</link> ioctls as needed.
The <link linkend="video">video input</link> and <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls must be supported by
all video capture devices.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Image Format Negotiation</title>
<para>The result of a capture operation is determined by
cropping and image format parameters. The former select an area of the
video picture to capture, the latter how images are stored in memory,
&ie; in RGB or YUV format, the number of bits per pixel or width and
height. Together they also define how images are scaled in the
process.</para>
<para>As usual these parameters are <emphasis>not</emphasis> reset
at &func-open; time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a device
and then reading from it as if it was a plain file. Well written V4L2
applications ensure they really get what they want, including cropping
and scaling.</para>
<para>Cropping initialization at minimum requires to reset the
parameters to defaults. An example is given in <xref
linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>To query the current image format applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE</constant> and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers fill
the &v4l2-pix-format; <structfield>pix</structfield> or the
&v4l2-pix-format-mplane; <structfield>pix_mp</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union.</para>
<para>To request different parameters applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; as above and
initialize all fields of the &v4l2-pix-format;
<structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union, or better just modify the
results of <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers may
adjust the parameters and finally return the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.</para>
<para>Like <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> the
&VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be used to learn about hardware limitations
without disabling I/O or possibly time consuming hardware
preparations.</para>
<para>The contents of &v4l2-pix-format; and &v4l2-pix-format-mplane;
are discussed in <xref linkend="pixfmt" />. See also the specification of the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>
and <constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> ioctls for details. Video
capture devices must implement both the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> and
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ioctl, even if
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ignores all requests and always
returns default parameters as <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.
<constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> is optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Reading Images</title>
<para>A video capture device may support the <link
linkend="rw">read() function</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> or <link
linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O. See <xref
linkend="io" /> for details.</para>
</section>

27
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-codec.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
<title>Codec Interface</title>
<para>A V4L2 codec can compress, decompress, transform, or otherwise
convert video data from one format into another format, in memory. Typically
such devices are memory-to-memory devices (i.e. devices with the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M</constant> or <constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M_MPLANE</constant>
capability set).
</para>
<para>A memory-to-memory video node acts just like a normal video node, but it
supports both output (sending frames from memory to the codec hardware) and
capture (receiving the processed frames from the codec hardware into memory)
stream I/O. An application will have to setup the stream
I/O for both sides and finally call &VIDIOC-STREAMON; for both capture and output
to start the codec.</para>
<para>Video compression codecs use the MPEG controls to setup their codec parameters
(note that the MPEG controls actually support many more codecs than just MPEG).
See <xref linkend="mpeg-controls"></xref>.</para>
<para>Memory-to-memory devices can often be used as a shared resource: you can
open the video node multiple times, each application setting up their own codec properties
that are local to the file handle, and each can use it independently from the others.
The driver will arbitrate access to the codec and reprogram it whenever another file
handler gets access. This is different from the usual video node behavior where the video properties
are global to the device (i.e. changing something through one file handle is visible
through another file handle).</para>

17
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-effect.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
<title>Effect Devices Interface</title>
<note>
<title>Suspended</title>
<para>This interface has been be suspended from the V4L2 API
implemented in Linux 2.6 until we have more experience with effect
device interfaces.</para>
</note>
<para>A V4L2 video effect device can do image effects, filtering, or
combine two or more images or image streams. For example video
transitions or wipes. Applications send data to be processed and
receive the result data either with &func-read; and &func-write;
functions, or through the streaming I/O mechanism.</para>
<para>[to do]</para>

43
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-event.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
<title>Event Interface</title>
<para>The V4L2 event interface provides a means for a user to get
immediately notified on certain conditions taking place on a device.
This might include start of frame or loss of signal events, for
example. Changes in the value or state of a V4L2 control can also be
reported through events.
</para>
<para>To receive events, the events the user is interested in first must
be subscribed using the &VIDIOC-SUBSCRIBE-EVENT; ioctl. Once an event is
subscribed, the events of subscribed types are dequeueable using the
&VIDIOC-DQEVENT; ioctl. Events may be unsubscribed using
VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT ioctl. The special event type V4L2_EVENT_ALL may
be used to unsubscribe all the events the driver supports.</para>
<para>The event subscriptions and event queues are specific to file
handles. Subscribing an event on one file handle does not affect
other file handles.</para>
<para>The information on dequeueable events is obtained by using select or
poll system calls on video devices. The V4L2 events use POLLPRI events on
poll system call and exceptions on select system call.</para>
<para>Starting with kernel 3.1 certain guarantees can be given with
regards to events:<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Each subscribed event has its own internal dedicated event queue.
This means that flooding of one event type will not interfere with other
event types.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If the internal event queue for a particular subscribed event
becomes full, then the oldest event in that queue will be dropped.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Where applicable, certain event types can ensure that the payload
of the oldest event that is about to be dropped will be merged with the payload
of the next oldest event. Thus ensuring that no information is lost, but only an
intermediate step leading up to that information. See the documentation for the
event you want to subscribe to whether this is applicable for that event or not.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist></para>

149
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-osd.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
<title>Video Output Overlay Interface</title>
<subtitle>Also known as On-Screen Display (OSD)</subtitle>
<para>Some video output devices can overlay a framebuffer image onto
the outgoing video signal. Applications can set up such an overlay
using this interface, which borrows structures and ioctls of the <link
linkend="overlay">Video Overlay</link> interface.</para>
<para>The OSD function is accessible through the same character
special file as the <link linkend="capture">Video Output</link> function.
Note the default function of such a <filename>/dev/video</filename> device
is video capturing or output. The OSD function is only available after
calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the <wordasword>Video Output
Overlay</wordasword> interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Framebuffer</title>
<para>Contrary to the <wordasword>Video Overlay</wordasword>
interface the framebuffer is normally implemented on the TV card and
not the graphics card. On Linux it is accessible as a framebuffer
device (<filename>/dev/fbN</filename>). Given a V4L2 device,
applications can find the corresponding framebuffer device by calling
the &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; ioctl. It returns, amongst other information, the
physical address of the framebuffer in the
<structfield>base</structfield> field of &v4l2-framebuffer;. The
framebuffer device ioctl <constant>FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO</constant>
returns the same address in the <structfield>smem_start</structfield>
field of struct <structname>fb_fix_screeninfo</structname>. The
<constant>FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO</constant> ioctl and struct
<structname>fb_fix_screeninfo</structname> are defined in the
<filename>linux/fb.h</filename> header file.</para>
<para>The width and height of the framebuffer depends on the
current video standard. A V4L2 driver may reject attempts to change
the video standard (or any other ioctl which would imply a framebuffer
size change) with an &EBUSY; until all applications closed the
framebuffer device.</para>
<example>
<title>Finding a framebuffer device for OSD</title>
<programlisting>
#include &lt;linux/fb.h&gt;
&v4l2-framebuffer; fbuf;
unsigned int i;
int fb_fd;
if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_FBUF, &amp;fbuf)) {
perror("VIDIOC_G_FBUF");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (i = 0; i &lt; 30; i++) {
char dev_name[16];
struct fb_fix_screeninfo si;
snprintf(dev_name, sizeof(dev_name), "/dev/fb%u", i);
fb_fd = open(dev_name, O_RDWR);
if (-1 == fb_fd) {
switch (errno) {
case ENOENT: /* no such file */
case ENXIO: /* no driver */
continue;
default:
perror("open");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
if (0 == ioctl(fb_fd, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &amp;si)) {
if (si.smem_start == (unsigned long)fbuf.base)
break;
} else {
/* Apparently not a framebuffer device. */
}
close(fb_fd);
fb_fd = -1;
}
/* fb_fd is the file descriptor of the framebuffer device
for the video output overlay, or -1 if no device was found. */
</programlisting>
</example>
</section>
<section>
<title>Overlay Window and Scaling</title>
<para>The overlay is controlled by source and target rectangles.
The source rectangle selects a subsection of the framebuffer image to
be overlaid, the target rectangle an area in the outgoing video signal
where the image will appear. Drivers may or may not support scaling,
and arbitrary sizes and positions of these rectangles. Further drivers
may support any (or none) of the clipping/blending methods defined for
the <link linkend="overlay">Video Overlay</link> interface.</para>
<para>A &v4l2-window; defines the size of the source rectangle,
its position in the framebuffer and the clipping/blending method to be
used for the overlay. To get the current parameters applications set
the <structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant> and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl. The driver fills the
<structname>v4l2_window</structname> substructure named
<structfield>win</structfield>. It is not possible to retrieve a
previously programmed clipping list or bitmap.</para>
<para>To program the source rectangle applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY</constant>, initialize
the <structfield>win</structfield> substructure and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl. The driver adjusts the parameters against
hardware limits and returns the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does. Like
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>, the &VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be
used to learn about driver capabilities without actually changing
driver state. Unlike <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> this also works
after the overlay has been enabled.</para>
<para>A &v4l2-crop; defines the size and position of the target
rectangle. The scaling factor of the overlay is implied by the width
and height given in &v4l2-window; and &v4l2-crop;. The cropping API
applies to <wordasword>Video Output</wordasword> and <wordasword>Video
Output Overlay</wordasword> devices in the same way as to
<wordasword>Video Capture</wordasword> and <wordasword>Video
Overlay</wordasword> devices, merely reversing the direction of the
data flow. For more information see <xref linkend="crop" />.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Enabling Overlay</title>
<para>There is no V4L2 ioctl to enable or disable the overlay,
however the framebuffer interface of the driver may support the
<constant>FBIOBLANK</constant> ioctl.</para>
</section>

106
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-output.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
<title>Video Output Interface</title>
<para>Video output devices encode stills or image sequences as
analog video signal. With this interface applications can
control the encoding process and move images from user space to
the driver.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 video output devices are accessed through
character device special files named <filename>/dev/video</filename>
and <filename>/dev/video0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/video63</filename> with major number 81 and minor
numbers 0 to 63. <filename>/dev/video</filename> is typically a
symbolic link to the preferred video device. Note the same device
files are used for video capture devices.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the video output interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. As secondary device functions
they may also support the <link linkend="raw-vbi">raw VBI
output</link> (<constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_OUTPUT</constant>) interface. At
least one of the read/write or streaming I/O methods must be
supported. Modulators and audio outputs are optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Video output devices shall support <link
linkend="audio">audio output</link>, <link
linkend="tuner">modulator</link>, <link linkend="control">controls</link>,
<link linkend="crop">cropping and scaling</link> and <link
linkend="streaming-par">streaming parameter</link> ioctls as needed.
The <link linkend="video">video output</link> and <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls must be supported by
all video output devices.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Image Format Negotiation</title>
<para>The output is determined by cropping and image format
parameters. The former select an area of the video picture where the
image will appear, the latter how images are stored in memory, &ie; in
RGB or YUV format, the number of bits per pixel or width and height.
Together they also define how images are scaled in the process.</para>
<para>As usual these parameters are <emphasis>not</emphasis> reset
at &func-open; time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a device
and then writing to it as if it was a plain file. Well written V4L2
applications ensure they really get what they want, including cropping
and scaling.</para>
<para>Cropping initialization at minimum requires to reset the
parameters to defaults. An example is given in <xref
linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>To query the current image format applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE</constant> and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers fill
the &v4l2-pix-format; <structfield>pix</structfield> or the
&v4l2-pix-format-mplane; <structfield>pix_mp</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union.</para>
<para>To request different parameters applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; as above and
initialize all fields of the &v4l2-pix-format;
<structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union, or better just modify the
results of <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers may
adjust the parameters and finally return the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.</para>
<para>Like <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> the
&VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be used to learn about hardware limitations
without disabling I/O or possibly time consuming hardware
preparations.</para>
<para>The contents of &v4l2-pix-format; and &v4l2-pix-format-mplane;
are discussed in <xref linkend="pixfmt" />. See also the specification of the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>
and <constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> ioctls for details. Video
output devices must implement both the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> and
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ioctl, even if
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ignores all requests and always
returns default parameters as <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.
<constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> is optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Writing Images</title>
<para>A video output device may support the <link
linkend="rw">write() function</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> or <link
linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O. See <xref
linkend="io" /> for details.</para>
</section>

368
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-overlay.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
<title>Video Overlay Interface</title>
<subtitle>Also known as Framebuffer Overlay or Previewing</subtitle>
<para>Video overlay devices have the ability to genlock (TV-)video
into the (VGA-)video signal of a graphics card, or to store captured
images directly in video memory of a graphics card, typically with
clipping. This can be considerable more efficient than capturing
images and displaying them by other means. In the old days when only
nuclear power plants needed cooling towers this used to be the only
way to put live video into a window.</para>
<para>Video overlay devices are accessed through the same character
special files as <link linkend="capture">video capture</link> devices.
Note the default function of a <filename>/dev/video</filename> device
is video capturing. The overlay function is only available after
calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl.</para>
<para>The driver may support simultaneous overlay and capturing
using the read/write and streaming I/O methods. If so, operation at
the nominal frame rate of the video standard is not guaranteed. Frames
may be directed away from overlay to capture, or one field may be used
for overlay and the other for capture if the capture parameters permit
this.</para>
<para>Applications should use different file descriptors for
capturing and overlay. This must be supported by all drivers capable
of simultaneous capturing and overlay. Optionally these drivers may
also permit capturing and overlay with a single file descriptor for
compatibility with V4L and earlier versions of V4L2.<footnote>
<para>A common application of two file descriptors is the
XFree86 <link linkend="xvideo">Xv/V4L</link> interface driver and
a V4L2 application. While the X server controls video overlay, the
application can take advantage of memory mapping and DMA.</para>
<para>In the opinion of the designers of this API, no driver
writer taking the efforts to support simultaneous capturing and
overlay will restrict this ability by requiring a single file
descriptor, as in V4L and earlier versions of V4L2. Making this
optional means applications depending on two file descriptors need
backup routines to be compatible with all drivers, which is
considerable more work than using two fds in applications which do
not. Also two fd's fit the general concept of one file descriptor for
each logical stream. Hence as a complexity trade-off drivers
<emphasis>must</emphasis> support two file descriptors and
<emphasis>may</emphasis> support single fd operation.</para>
</footnote></para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the video overlay interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. The overlay I/O method specified
below must be supported. Tuners and audio inputs are optional.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Video overlay devices shall support <link
linkend="audio">audio input</link>, <link
linkend="tuner">tuner</link>, <link linkend="control">controls</link>,
<link linkend="crop">cropping and scaling</link> and <link
linkend="streaming-par">streaming parameter</link> ioctls as needed.
The <link linkend="video">video input</link> and <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls must be supported by
all video overlay devices.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Setup</title>
<para>Before overlay can commence applications must program the
driver with frame buffer parameters, namely the address and size of
the frame buffer and the image format, for example RGB 5:6:5. The
&VIDIOC-G-FBUF; and &VIDIOC-S-FBUF; ioctls are available to get
and set these parameters, respectively. The
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FBUF</constant> ioctl is privileged because it
allows to set up DMA into physical memory, bypassing the memory
protection mechanisms of the kernel. Only the superuser can change the
frame buffer address and size. Users are not supposed to run TV
applications as root or with SUID bit set. A small helper application
with suitable privileges should query the graphics system and program
the V4L2 driver at the appropriate time.</para>
<para>Some devices add the video overlay to the output signal
of the graphics card. In this case the frame buffer is not modified by
the video device, and the frame buffer address and pixel format are
not needed by the driver. The <constant>VIDIOC_S_FBUF</constant> ioctl
is not privileged. An application can check for this type of device by
calling the <constant>VIDIOC_G_FBUF</constant> ioctl.</para>
<para>A driver may support any (or none) of five clipping/blending
methods:<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Chroma-keying displays the overlaid image only where
pixels in the primary graphics surface assume a certain color.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A bitmap can be specified where each bit corresponds
to a pixel in the overlaid image. When the bit is set, the
corresponding video pixel is displayed, otherwise a pixel of the
graphics surface.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A list of clipping rectangles can be specified. In
these regions <emphasis>no</emphasis> video is displayed, so the
graphics surface can be seen here.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The framebuffer has an alpha channel that can be used
to clip or blend the framebuffer with the video.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A global alpha value can be specified to blend the
framebuffer contents with video images.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist></para>
<para>When simultaneous capturing and overlay is supported and
the hardware prohibits different image and frame buffer formats, the
format requested first takes precedence. The attempt to capture
(&VIDIOC-S-FMT;) or overlay (&VIDIOC-S-FBUF;) may fail with an
&EBUSY; or return accordingly modified parameters..</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Overlay Window</title>
<para>The overlaid image is determined by cropping and overlay
window parameters. The former select an area of the video picture to
capture, the latter how images are overlaid and clipped. Cropping
initialization at minimum requires to reset the parameters to
defaults. An example is given in <xref linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>The overlay window is described by a &v4l2-window;. It
defines the size of the image, its position over the graphics surface
and the clipping to be applied. To get the current parameters
applications set the <structfield>type</structfield> field of a
&v4l2-format; to <constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant> and
call the &VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl. The driver fills the
<structname>v4l2_window</structname> substructure named
<structfield>win</structfield>. It is not possible to retrieve a
previously programmed clipping list or bitmap.</para>
<para>To program the overlay window applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY</constant>, initialize the
<structfield>win</structfield> substructure and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl. The driver adjusts the parameters against
hardware limits and returns the actual parameters as
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does. Like
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant>, the &VIDIOC-TRY-FMT; ioctl can be
used to learn about driver capabilities without actually changing
driver state. Unlike <constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> this also works
after the overlay has been enabled.</para>
<para>The scaling factor of the overlaid image is implied by the
width and height given in &v4l2-window; and the size of the cropping
rectangle. For more information see <xref linkend="crop" />.</para>
<para>When simultaneous capturing and overlay is supported and
the hardware prohibits different image and window sizes, the size
requested first takes precedence. The attempt to capture or overlay as
well (&VIDIOC-S-FMT;) may fail with an &EBUSY; or return accordingly
modified parameters.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-window">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_window</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-rect;</entry>
<entry><structfield>w</structfield></entry>
<entry>Size and position of the window relative to the
top, left corner of the frame buffer defined with &VIDIOC-S-FBUF;. The
window can extend the frame buffer width and height, the
<structfield>x</structfield> and <structfield>y</structfield>
coordinates can be negative, and it can lie completely outside the
frame buffer. The driver clips the window accordingly, or if that is
not possible, modifies its size and/or position.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-field;</entry>
<entry><structfield>field</structfield></entry>
<entry>Applications set this field to determine which
video field shall be overlaid, typically one of
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_ANY</constant> (0),
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_TOP</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_BOTTOM</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED</constant>. Drivers may have to choose
a different field order and return the actual setting here.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>chromakey</structfield></entry>
<entry>When chroma-keying has been negotiated with
&VIDIOC-S-FBUF; applications set this field to the desired pixel value
for the chroma key. The format is the same as the pixel format of the
framebuffer (&v4l2-framebuffer;
<structfield>fmt.pixelformat</structfield> field), with bytes in host
order. E.&nbsp;g. for <link
linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR32"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant></link>
the value should be 0xRRGGBB on a little endian, 0xBBGGRR on a big
endian host.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-clip; *</entry>
<entry><structfield>clips</structfield></entry>
<entry>When chroma-keying has <emphasis>not</emphasis>
been negotiated and &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; indicated this capability,
applications can set this field to point to an array of
clipping rectangles.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Like the window coordinates
<structfield>w</structfield>, clipping rectangles are defined relative
to the top, left corner of the frame buffer. However clipping
rectangles must not extend the frame buffer width and height, and they
must not overlap. If possible applications should merge adjacent
rectangles. Whether this must create x-y or y-x bands, or the order of
rectangles, is not defined. When clip lists are not supported the
driver ignores this field. Its contents after calling &VIDIOC-S-FMT;
are undefined.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>clipcount</structfield></entry>
<entry>When the application set the
<structfield>clips</structfield> field, this field must contain the
number of clipping rectangles in the list. When clip lists are not
supported the driver ignores this field, its contents after calling
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> are undefined. When clip lists are
supported but no clipping is desired this field must be set to
zero.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>void *</entry>
<entry><structfield>bitmap</structfield></entry>
<entry>When chroma-keying has
<emphasis>not</emphasis> been negotiated and &VIDIOC-G-FBUF; indicated
this capability, applications can set this field to point to a
clipping bit mask.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>It must be of the same size
as the window, <structfield>w.width</structfield> and
<structfield>w.height</structfield>. Each bit corresponds to a pixel
in the overlaid image, which is displayed only when the bit is
<emphasis>set</emphasis>. Pixel coordinates translate to bits like:
<programlisting>
((__u8 *) <structfield>bitmap</structfield>)[<structfield>w.width</structfield> * y + x / 8] &amp; (1 &lt;&lt; (x &amp; 7))</programlisting></para><para>where <structfield>0</structfield> &le; x &lt;
<structfield>w.width</structfield> and <structfield>0</structfield> &le;
y &lt;<structfield>w.height</structfield>.<footnote>
<para>Should we require
<structfield>w.width</structfield> to be a multiple of
eight?</para>
</footnote></para><para>When a clipping
bit mask is not supported the driver ignores this field, its contents
after calling &VIDIOC-S-FMT; are undefined. When a bit mask is supported
but no clipping is desired this field must be set to
<constant>NULL</constant>.</para><para>Applications need not create a
clip list or bit mask. When they pass both, or despite negotiating
chroma-keying, the results are undefined. Regardless of the chosen
method, the clipping abilities of the hardware may be limited in
quantity or quality. The results when these limits are exceeded are
undefined.<footnote>
<para>When the image is written into frame buffer
memory it will be undesirable if the driver clips out less pixels
than expected, because the application and graphics system are not
aware these regions need to be refreshed. The driver should clip out
more pixels or not write the image at all.</para>
</footnote></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>global_alpha</structfield></entry>
<entry>The global alpha value used to blend the
framebuffer with video images, if global alpha blending has been
negotiated (<constant>V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_GLOBAL_ALPHA</constant>, see
&VIDIOC-S-FBUF;, <xref linkend="framebuffer-flags" />).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Note this field was added in Linux 2.6.23, extending the structure. However
the <link linkend="vidioc-g-fmt">VIDIOC_G/S/TRY_FMT</link> ioctls,
which take a pointer to a <link
linkend="v4l2-format">v4l2_format</link> parent structure with padding
bytes at the end, are not affected.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-clip">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_clip</structname><footnote>
<para>The X Window system defines "regions" which are
vectors of struct BoxRec { short x1, y1, x2, y2; } with width = x2 -
x1 and height = y2 - y1, so one cannot pass X11 clip lists
directly.</para>
</footnote></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-rect;</entry>
<entry><structfield>c</structfield></entry>
<entry>Coordinates of the clipping rectangle, relative to
the top, left corner of the frame buffer. Only window pixels
<emphasis>outside</emphasis> all clipping rectangles are
displayed.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&v4l2-clip; *</entry>
<entry><structfield>next</structfield></entry>
<entry>Pointer to the next clipping rectangle, NULL when
this is the last rectangle. Drivers ignore this field, it cannot be
used to pass a linked list of clipping rectangles.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<!-- NB for easier reading this table is duplicated
in the vidioc-cropcap chapter.-->
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-rect">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_rect</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__s32</entry>
<entry><structfield>left</structfield></entry>
<entry>Horizontal offset of the top, left corner of the
rectangle, in pixels.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__s32</entry>
<entry><structfield>top</structfield></entry>
<entry>Vertical offset of the top, left corner of the
rectangle, in pixels. Offsets increase to the right and down.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>width</structfield></entry>
<entry>Width of the rectangle, in pixels.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>height</structfield></entry>
<entry>Height of the rectangle, in pixels.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<title>Enabling Overlay</title>
<para>To start or stop the frame buffer overlay applications call
the &VIDIOC-OVERLAY; ioctl.</para>
</section>

49
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-radio.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
<title>Radio Interface</title>
<para>This interface is intended for AM and FM (analog) radio
receivers and transmitters.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 radio devices are accessed through
character device special files named <filename>/dev/radio</filename>
and <filename>/dev/radio0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/radio63</filename> with major number 81 and minor
numbers 64 to 127.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the radio interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_RADIO</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_CAP_TUNER</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_MODULATOR</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. Other combinations of
capability flags are reserved for future extensions.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Radio devices can support <link
linkend="control">controls</link>, and must support the <link
linkend="tuner">tuner or modulator</link> ioctls.</para>
<para>They do not support the video input or output, audio input
or output, video standard, cropping and scaling, compression and
streaming parameter, or overlay ioctls. All other ioctls and I/O
methods are reserved for future extensions.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Programming</title>
<para>Radio devices may have a couple audio controls (as discussed
in <xref linkend="control" />) such as a volume control, possibly custom
controls. Further all radio devices have one tuner or modulator (these are
discussed in <xref linkend="tuner" />) with index number zero to select
the radio frequency and to determine if a monaural or FM stereo
program is received/emitted. Drivers switch automatically between AM and FM
depending on the selected frequency. The &VIDIOC-G-TUNER; or
&VIDIOC-G-MODULATOR; ioctl
reports the supported frequency range.</para>
</section>

345
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-raw-vbi.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
<title>Raw VBI Data Interface</title>
<para>VBI is an abbreviation of Vertical Blanking Interval, a gap
in the sequence of lines of an analog video signal. During VBI
no picture information is transmitted, allowing some time while the
electron beam of a cathode ray tube TV returns to the top of the
screen. Using an oscilloscope you will find here the vertical
synchronization pulses and short data packages ASK
modulated<footnote><para>ASK: Amplitude-Shift Keying. A high signal
level represents a '1' bit, a low level a '0' bit.</para></footnote>
onto the video signal. These are transmissions of services such as
Teletext or Closed Caption.</para>
<para>Subject of this interface type is raw VBI data, as sampled off
a video signal, or to be added to a signal for output.
The data format is similar to uncompressed video images, a number of
lines times a number of samples per line, we call this a VBI image.</para>
<para>Conventionally V4L2 VBI devices are accessed through character
device special files named <filename>/dev/vbi</filename> and
<filename>/dev/vbi0</filename> to <filename>/dev/vbi31</filename> with
major number 81 and minor numbers 224 to 255.
<filename>/dev/vbi</filename> is typically a symbolic link to the
preferred VBI device. This convention applies to both input and output
devices.</para>
<para>To address the problems of finding related video and VBI
devices VBI capturing and output is also available as device function
under <filename>/dev/video</filename>. To capture or output raw VBI
data with these devices applications must call the &VIDIOC-S-FMT;
ioctl. Accessed as <filename>/dev/vbi</filename>, raw VBI capturing
or output is the default device function.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the raw VBI capturing or output API set
the <constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_VBI_OUTPUT</constant> flags, respectively, in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. At least one of the
read/write, streaming or asynchronous I/O methods must be
supported. VBI devices may or may not have a tuner or modulator.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>VBI devices shall support <link linkend="video">video
input or output</link>, <link linkend="tuner">tuner or
modulator</link>, and <link linkend="control">controls</link> ioctls
as needed. The <link linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls provide
information vital to program a VBI device, therefore must be
supported.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Raw VBI Format Negotiation</title>
<para>Raw VBI sampling abilities can vary, in particular the
sampling frequency. To properly interpret the data V4L2 specifies an
ioctl to query the sampling parameters. Moreover, to allow for some
flexibility applications can also suggest different parameters.</para>
<para>As usual these parameters are <emphasis>not</emphasis>
reset at &func-open; time to permit Unix tool chains, programming a
device and then reading from it as if it was a plain file. Well
written V4L2 applications should always ensure they really get what
they want, requesting reasonable parameters and then checking if the
actual parameters are suitable.</para>
<para>To query the current raw VBI capture parameters
applications set the <structfield>type</structfield> field of a
&v4l2-format; to <constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI_OUTPUT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers fill
the &v4l2-vbi-format; <structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union.</para>
<para>To request different parameters applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; as above and
initialize all fields of the &v4l2-vbi-format;
<structfield>vbi</structfield> member of the
<structfield>fmt</structfield> union, or better just modify the
results of <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant>, and call the
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers return
an &EINVAL; only when the given parameters are ambiguous, otherwise
they modify the parameters according to the hardware capabilites and
return the actual parameters. When the driver allocates resources at
this point, it may return an &EBUSY; to indicate the returned
parameters are valid but the required resources are currently not
available. That may happen for instance when the video and VBI areas
to capture would overlap, or when the driver supports multiple opens
and another process already requested VBI capturing or output. Anyway,
applications must expect other resource allocation points which may
return <errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode>, at the &VIDIOC-STREAMON; ioctl
and the first read(), write() and select() call.</para>
<para>VBI devices must implement both the
<constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> and
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ioctl, even if
<constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant> ignores all requests and always
returns default parameters as <constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant> does.
<constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant> is optional.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-vbi-format">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_vbi_format</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>sampling_rate</structfield></entry>
<entry>Samples per second, i.&nbsp;e. unit 1 Hz.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>offset</structfield></entry>
<entry><para>Horizontal offset of the VBI image,
relative to the leading edge of the line synchronization pulse and
counted in samples: The first sample in the VBI image will be located
<structfield>offset</structfield> /
<structfield>sampling_rate</structfield> seconds following the leading
edge. See also <xref linkend="vbi-hsync" />.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>samples_per_line</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>sample_format</structfield></entry>
<entry><para>Defines the sample format as in <xref
linkend="pixfmt" />, a four-character-code.<footnote>
<para>A few devices may be unable to
sample VBI data at all but can extend the video capture window to the
VBI region.</para>
</footnote> Usually this is
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY</constant>, i.&nbsp;e. each sample
consists of 8 bits with lower values oriented towards the black level.
Do not assume any other correlation of values with the signal level.
For example, the MSB does not necessarily indicate if the signal is
'high' or 'low' because 128 may not be the mean value of the
signal. Drivers shall not convert the sample format by software.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>start</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry>This is the scanning system line number
associated with the first line of the VBI image, of the first and the
second field respectively. See <xref linkend="vbi-525" /> and
<xref linkend="vbi-625" /> for valid values.
The <constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F1_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F2_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F1_START</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F2_START</constant> defines give the start line
numbers for each field for each 525 or 625 line format as a convenience.
Don't forget that ITU line numbering starts at 1, not 0.
VBI input drivers can return start values 0 if the hardware cannot
reliable identify scanning lines, VBI acquisition may not require this
information.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>count</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry>The number of lines in the first and second
field image, respectively.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>Drivers should be as
flexibility as possible. For example, it may be possible to extend or
move the VBI capture window down to the picture area, implementing a
'full field mode' to capture data service transmissions embedded in
the picture.</para><para>An application can set the first or second
<structfield>count</structfield> value to zero if no data is required
from the respective field; <structfield>count</structfield>[1] if the
scanning system is progressive, &ie; not interlaced. The
corresponding start value shall be ignored by the application and
driver. Anyway, drivers may not support single field capturing and
return both count values non-zero.</para><para>Both
<structfield>count</structfield> values set to zero, or line numbers
outside the bounds depicted in <xref linkend="vbi-525" /> and <xref
linkend="vbi-625" />, or a field image covering
lines of two fields, are invalid and shall not be returned by the
driver.</para><para>To initialize the <structfield>start</structfield>
and <structfield>count</structfield> fields, applications must first
determine the current video standard selection. The &v4l2-std-id; or
the <structfield>framelines</structfield> field of &v4l2-standard; can
be evaluated for this purpose.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>flags</structfield></entry>
<entry>See <xref linkend="vbifmt-flags" /> below. Currently
only drivers set flags, applications must set this field to
zero.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry>This array is reserved for future extensions.
Drivers and applications must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="vbifmt-flags">
<title>Raw VBI Format Flags</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_VBI_UNSYNC</constant></entry>
<entry>0x0001</entry>
<entry><para>This flag indicates hardware which does not
properly distinguish between fields. Normally the VBI image stores the
first field (lower scanning line numbers) first in memory. This may be
a top or bottom field depending on the video standard. When this flag
is set the first or second field may be stored first, however the
fields are still in correct temporal order with the older field first
in memory.<footnote>
<para>Most VBI services transmit on both fields, but
some have different semantics depending on the field number. These
cannot be reliable decoded or encoded when
<constant>V4L2_VBI_UNSYNC</constant> is set.</para>
</footnote></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_VBI_INTERLACED</constant></entry>
<entry>0x0002</entry>
<entry>By default the two field images will be passed
sequentially; all lines of the first field followed by all lines of
the second field (compare <xref linkend="field-order" />
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_SEQ_TB</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_SEQ_BT</constant>, whether the top or bottom
field is first in memory depends on the video standard). When this
flag is set, the two fields are interlaced (cf.
<constant>V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED</constant>). The first line of the
first field followed by the first line of the second field, then the
two second lines, and so on. Such a layout may be necessary when the
hardware has been programmed to capture or output interlaced video
images and is unable to separate the fields for VBI capturing at
the same time. For simplicity setting this flag implies that both
<structfield>count</structfield> values are equal and non-zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<figure id="vbi-hsync">
<title>Line synchronization</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_hsync.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_hsync.gif" format="GIF" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Line synchronization diagram</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<figure id="vbi-525">
<title>ITU-R 525 line numbering (M/NTSC and M/PAL)</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_525.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_525.gif" format="GIF" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>NTSC field synchronization diagram</phrase>
</textobject>
<caption>
<para>(1) For the purpose of this specification field 2
starts in line 264 and not 263.5 because half line capturing is not
supported.</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<figure id="vbi-625">
<title>ITU-R 625 line numbering</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_625.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="vbi_625.gif" format="GIF" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>PAL/SECAM field synchronization diagram</phrase>
</textobject>
<caption>
<para>(1) For the purpose of this specification field 2
starts in line 314 and not 313.5 because half line capturing is not
supported.</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>Remember the VBI image format depends on the selected
video standard, therefore the application must choose a new standard or
query the current standard first. Attempts to read or write data ahead
of format negotiation, or after switching the video standard which may
invalidate the negotiated VBI parameters, should be refused by the
driver. A format change during active I/O is not permitted.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Reading and writing VBI images</title>
<para>To assure synchronization with the field number and easier
implementation, the smallest unit of data passed at a time is one
frame, consisting of two fields of VBI images immediately following in
memory.</para>
<para>The total size of a frame computes as follows:</para>
<programlisting>
(<structfield>count</structfield>[0] + <structfield>count</structfield>[1]) *
<structfield>samples_per_line</structfield> * sample size in bytes</programlisting>
<para>The sample size is most likely always one byte,
applications must check the <structfield>sample_format</structfield>
field though, to function properly with other drivers.</para>
<para>A VBI device may support <link
linkend="rw">read/write</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> or <link
linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O. The latter bears the
possibility of synchronizing video and
VBI data by using buffer timestamps.</para>
<para>Remember the &VIDIOC-STREAMON; ioctl and the first read(),
write() and select() call can be resource allocation points returning
an &EBUSY; if the required hardware resources are temporarily
unavailable, for example the device is already in use by another
process.</para>
</section>

196
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-rds.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
<title>RDS Interface</title>
<para>The Radio Data System transmits supplementary
information in binary format, for example the station name or travel
information, on an inaudible audio subcarrier of a radio program. This
interface is aimed at devices capable of receiving and/or transmitting RDS
information.</para>
<para>For more information see the core RDS standard <xref linkend="iec62106" />
and the RBDS standard <xref linkend="nrsc4" />.</para>
<para>Note that the RBDS standard as is used in the USA is almost identical
to the RDS standard. Any RDS decoder/encoder can also handle RBDS. Only some of the
fields have slightly different meanings. See the RBDS standard for more
information.</para>
<para>The RBDS standard also specifies support for MMBS (Modified Mobile Search).
This is a proprietary format which seems to be discontinued. The RDS interface does not
support this format. Should support for MMBS (or the so-called 'E blocks' in general)
be needed, then please contact the linux-media mailing list: &v4l-ml;.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the RDS capturing API set
the <constant>V4L2_CAP_RDS_CAPTURE</constant> flag in
the <structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. Any tuner that supports RDS
will set the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS</constant> flag in
the <structfield>capability</structfield> field of &v4l2-tuner;. If
the driver only passes RDS blocks without interpreting the data
the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_BLOCK_IO</constant> flag has to be
set, see <link linkend="reading-rds-data">Reading RDS data</link>.
For future use the
flag <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_CONTROLS</constant> has also been
defined. However, a driver for a radio tuner with this capability does
not yet exist, so if you are planning to write such a driver you
should discuss this on the linux-media mailing list: &v4l-ml;.</para>
<para> Whether an RDS signal is present can be detected by looking
at the <structfield>rxsubchans</structfield> field of &v4l2-tuner;:
the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_SUB_RDS</constant> will be set if RDS data
was detected.</para>
<para>Devices supporting the RDS output API
set the <constant>V4L2_CAP_RDS_OUTPUT</constant> flag in
the <structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl.
Any modulator that supports RDS will set the
<constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS</constant> flag in the <structfield>capability</structfield>
field of &v4l2-modulator;.
In order to enable the RDS transmission one must set the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_SUB_RDS</constant>
bit in the <structfield>txsubchans</structfield> field of &v4l2-modulator;.
If the driver only passes RDS blocks without interpreting the data
the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_BLOCK_IO</constant> flag has to be set. If the
tuner is capable of handling RDS entities like program identification codes and radio
text, the flag <constant>V4L2_TUNER_CAP_RDS_CONTROLS</constant> should be set,
see <link linkend="writing-rds-data">Writing RDS data</link> and
<link linkend="fm-tx-controls">FM Transmitter Control Reference</link>.</para>
</section>
<section id="reading-rds-data">
<title>Reading RDS data</title>
<para>RDS data can be read from the radio device
with the &func-read; function. The data is packed in groups of three bytes.</para>
</section>
<section id="writing-rds-data">
<title>Writing RDS data</title>
<para>RDS data can be written to the radio device
with the &func-write; function. The data is packed in groups of three bytes,
as follows:</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>RDS datastructures</title>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-rds-data">
<title>struct
<structname>v4l2_rds_data</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="5*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>lsb</structfield></entry>
<entry>Least Significant Byte of RDS Block</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>msb</structfield></entry>
<entry>Most Significant Byte of RDS Block</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>block</structfield></entry>
<entry>Block description</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-rds-block">
<title>Block description</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="5*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>Bits 0-2</entry>
<entry>Block (aka offset) of the received data.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Bits 3-5</entry>
<entry>Deprecated. Currently identical to bits 0-2. Do not use these bits.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Bit 6</entry>
<entry>Corrected bit. Indicates that an error was corrected for this data block.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Bit 7</entry>
<entry>Error bit. Indicates that an uncorrectable error occurred during reception of this block.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-rds-block-codes">
<title>Block defines</title>
<tgroup cols="4">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c4" colwidth="5*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_MSK</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>Mask for bits 0-2 to get the block ID.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_A</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>Block A.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_B</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Block B.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_C</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>Block C.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_D</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>Block D.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_C_ALT</entry>
<entry> </entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>Block C'.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_INVALID</entry>
<entry>read-only</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>An invalid block.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_CORRECTED</entry>
<entry>read-only</entry>
<entry>0x40</entry>
<entry>A bit error was detected but corrected.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_ERROR</entry>
<entry>read-only</entry>
<entry>0x80</entry>
<entry>An uncorrectable error occurred.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>

120
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-sdr.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
<title>Software Defined Radio Interface (SDR)</title>
<note>
<title>Experimental</title>
<para>This is an <link linkend="experimental"> experimental </link>
interface and may change in the future.</para>
</note>
<para>
SDR is an abbreviation of Software Defined Radio, the radio device
which uses application software for modulation or demodulation. This interface
is intended for controlling and data streaming of such devices.
</para>
<para>
SDR devices are accessed through character device special files named
<filename>/dev/swradio0</filename> to <filename>/dev/swradio255</filename>
with major number 81 and dynamically allocated minor numbers 0 to 255.
</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>
Devices supporting the SDR receiver interface set the
<constant>V4L2_CAP_SDR_CAPTURE</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_CAP_TUNER</constant> flag in the
<structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. That flag means the device has an
Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), which is a mandatory element for the SDR receiver.
At least one of the read/write, streaming or asynchronous I/O methods must
be supported.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>
SDR devices can support <link linkend="control">controls</link>, and must
support the <link linkend="tuner">tuner</link> ioctls. Tuner ioctls are used
for setting the ADC sampling rate (sampling frequency) and the possible RF tuner
frequency.
</para>
<para>
The <constant>V4L2_TUNER_ADC</constant> tuner type is used for ADC tuners, and
the <constant>V4L2_TUNER_RF</constant> tuner type is used for RF tuners. The
tuner index of the RF tuner (if any) must always follow the ADC tuner index.
Normally the ADC tuner is #0 and the RF tuner is #1.
</para>
<para>
The &VIDIOC-S-HW-FREQ-SEEK; ioctl is not supported.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Data Format Negotiation</title>
<para>
The SDR capture device uses the <link linkend="format">format</link> ioctls to
select the capture format. Both the sampling resolution and the data streaming
format are bound to that selectable format. In addition to the basic
<link linkend="format">format</link> ioctls, the &VIDIOC-ENUM-FMT; ioctl
must be supported as well.
</para>
<para>
To use the <link linkend="format">format</link> ioctls applications set the
<structfield>type</structfield> field of a &v4l2-format; to
<constant>V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SDR_CAPTURE</constant> and use the &v4l2-sdr-format;
<structfield>sdr</structfield> member of the <structfield>fmt</structfield>
union as needed per the desired operation.
Currently there is two fields, <structfield>pixelformat</structfield> and
<structfield>buffersize</structfield>, of struct &v4l2-sdr-format; which are
used. Content of the <structfield>pixelformat</structfield> is V4L2 FourCC
code of the data format. The <structfield>buffersize</structfield> field is
maximum buffer size in bytes required for data transfer, set by the driver in
order to inform application.
</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="v4l2-sdr-format">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_sdr_format</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>pixelformat</structfield></entry>
<entry>
The data format or type of compression, set by the application. This is a
little endian <link linkend="v4l2-fourcc">four character code</link>.
V4L2 defines SDR formats in <xref linkend="sdr-formats" />.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>buffersize</structfield></entry>
<entry>
Maximum size in bytes required for data. Value is set by the driver.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved[24]</structfield></entry>
<entry>This array is reserved for future extensions.
Drivers and applications must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>
An SDR device may support <link linkend="rw">read/write</link>
and/or streaming (<link linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link>
or <link linkend="userp">user pointer</link>) I/O.
</para>
</section>

706
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-sliced-vbi.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,706 @@
<title>Sliced VBI Data Interface</title>
<para>VBI stands for Vertical Blanking Interval, a gap in the
sequence of lines of an analog video signal. During VBI no picture
information is transmitted, allowing some time while the electron beam
of a cathode ray tube TV returns to the top of the screen.</para>
<para>Sliced VBI devices use hardware to demodulate data transmitted
in the VBI. V4L2 drivers shall <emphasis>not</emphasis> do this by
software, see also the <link linkend="raw-vbi">raw VBI
interface</link>. The data is passed as short packets of fixed size,
covering one scan line each. The number of packets per video frame is
variable.</para>
<para>Sliced VBI capture and output devices are accessed through the
same character special files as raw VBI devices. When a driver
supports both interfaces, the default function of a
<filename>/dev/vbi</filename> device is <emphasis>raw</emphasis> VBI
capturing or output, and the sliced VBI function is only available
after calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl as defined below. Likewise a
<filename>/dev/video</filename> device may support the sliced VBI API,
however the default function here is video capturing or output.
Different file descriptors must be used to pass raw and sliced VBI
data simultaneously, if this is supported by the driver.</para>
<section>
<title>Querying Capabilities</title>
<para>Devices supporting the sliced VBI capturing or output API
set the <constant>V4L2_CAP_SLICED_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or
<constant>V4L2_CAP_SLICED_VBI_OUTPUT</constant> flag respectively, in
the <structfield>capabilities</structfield> field of &v4l2-capability;
returned by the &VIDIOC-QUERYCAP; ioctl. At least one of the
read/write, streaming or asynchronous <link linkend="io">I/O
methods</link> must be supported. Sliced VBI devices may have a tuner
or modulator.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supplemental Functions</title>
<para>Sliced VBI devices shall support <link linkend="video">video
input or output</link> and <link linkend="tuner">tuner or
modulator</link> ioctls if they have these capabilities, and they may
support <link linkend="control">control</link> ioctls. The <link
linkend="standard">video standard</link> ioctls provide information
vital to program a sliced VBI device, therefore must be
supported.</para>
</section>
<section id="sliced-vbi-format-negotitation">
<title>Sliced VBI Format Negotiation</title>
<para>To find out which data services are supported by the
hardware applications can call the &VIDIOC-G-SLICED-VBI-CAP; ioctl.
All drivers implementing the sliced VBI interface must support this
ioctl. The results may differ from those of the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl
when the number of VBI lines the hardware can capture or output per
frame, or the number of services it can identify on a given line are
limited. For example on PAL line 16 the hardware may be able to look
for a VPS or Teletext signal, but not both at the same time.</para>
<para>To determine the currently selected services applications
set the <structfield>type </structfield> field of &v4l2-format; to
<constant> V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_CAPTURE</constant> or <constant>
V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_OUTPUT</constant>, and the &VIDIOC-G-FMT;
ioctl fills the <structfield>fmt.sliced</structfield> member, a
&v4l2-sliced-vbi-format;.</para>
<para>Applications can request different parameters by
initializing or modifying the <structfield>fmt.sliced</structfield>
member and calling the &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl with a pointer to the
<structname>v4l2_format</structname> structure.</para>
<para>The sliced VBI API is more complicated than the raw VBI API
because the hardware must be told which VBI service to expect on each
scan line. Not all services may be supported by the hardware on all
lines (this is especially true for VBI output where Teletext is often
unsupported and other services can only be inserted in one specific
line). In many cases, however, it is sufficient to just set the
<structfield>service_set</structfield> field to the required services
and let the driver fill the <structfield>service_lines</structfield>
array according to hardware capabilities. Only if more precise control
is needed should the programmer set the
<structfield>service_lines</structfield> array explicitly.</para>
<para>The &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl modifies the parameters
according to hardware capabilities. When the driver allocates
resources at this point, it may return an &EBUSY; if the required
resources are temporarily unavailable. Other resource allocation
points which may return <errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode> can be the
&VIDIOC-STREAMON; ioctl and the first &func-read;, &func-write; and
&func-select; call.</para>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-sliced-vbi-format">
<title>struct
<structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_format</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="5">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="3*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="3*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c4" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c5" colwidth="2*" />
<spanspec namest="c3" nameend="c5" spanname="hspan" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>service_set</structfield></entry>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>If
<structfield>service_set</structfield> is non-zero when passed with
&VIDIOC-S-FMT; or &VIDIOC-TRY-FMT;, the
<structfield>service_lines</structfield> array will be filled by the
driver according to the services specified in this field. For example,
if <structfield>service_set</structfield> is initialized with
<constant>V4L2_SLICED_TELETEXT_B | V4L2_SLICED_WSS_625</constant>, a
driver for the cx25840 video decoder sets lines 7-22 of both
fields<footnote><para>According to <link
linkend="ets300706">ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;706</link> lines 6-22 of the
first field and lines 5-22 of the second field may carry Teletext
data.</para></footnote> to <constant>V4L2_SLICED_TELETEXT_B</constant>
and line 23 of the first field to
<constant>V4L2_SLICED_WSS_625</constant>. If
<structfield>service_set</structfield> is set to zero, then the values
of <structfield>service_lines</structfield> will be used instead.
</para><para>On return the driver sets this field to the union of all
elements of the returned <structfield>service_lines</structfield>
array. It may contain less services than requested, perhaps just one,
if the hardware cannot handle more services simultaneously. It may be
empty (zero) if none of the requested services are supported by the
hardware.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u16</entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[2][24]</entry>
<entry spanname="hspan"><para>Applications initialize this
array with sets of data services the driver shall look for or insert
on the respective scan line. Subject to hardware capabilities drivers
return the requested set, a subset, which may be just a single
service, or an empty set. When the hardware cannot handle multiple
services on the same line the driver shall choose one. No assumptions
can be made on which service the driver chooses.</para><para>Data
services are defined in <xref linkend="vbi-services2" />. Array indices
map to ITU-R line numbers (see also <xref linkend="vbi-525" /> and <xref
linkend="vbi-625" />) as follows: <!-- No nested
tables, sigh. --></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Element</entry>
<entry>525 line systems</entry>
<entry>625 line systems</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[0][1]</entry>
<entry align="center">1</entry>
<entry align="center">1</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[0][23]</entry>
<entry align="center">23</entry>
<entry align="center">23</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[1][1]</entry>
<entry align="center">264</entry>
<entry align="center">314</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry><structfield>service_lines</structfield>[1][23]</entry>
<entry align="center">286</entry>
<entry align="center">336</entry>
</row>
<!-- End of line numbers table. -->
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry spanname="hspan">Drivers must set
<structfield>service_lines</structfield>[0][0] and
<structfield>service_lines</structfield>[1][0] to zero.
The <constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F1_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_525_F2_START</constant>,
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F1_START</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_VBI_ITU_625_F2_START</constant> defines give the start
line numbers for each field for each 525 or 625 line format as a
convenience. Don't forget that ITU line numbering starts at 1, not 0.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>io_size</structfield></entry>
<entry spanname="hspan">Maximum number of bytes passed by
one &func-read; or &func-write; call, and the buffer size in bytes for
the &VIDIOC-QBUF; and &VIDIOC-DQBUF; ioctl. Drivers set this field to
the size of &v4l2-sliced-vbi-data; times the number of non-zero
elements in the returned <structfield>service_lines</structfield>
array (that is the number of lines potentially carrying data).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry spanname="hspan">This array is reserved for future
extensions. Applications and drivers must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<!-- See also vidioc-g-sliced-vbi-cap.sgml -->
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="vbi-services2">
<title>Sliced VBI services</title>
<tgroup cols="5">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c3" colwidth="1*" />
<colspec colname="c4" colwidth="2*" />
<colspec colname="c5" colwidth="2*" />
<spanspec namest="c3" nameend="c5" spanname="rlp" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Symbol</entry>
<entry>Value</entry>
<entry>Reference</entry>
<entry>Lines, usually</entry>
<entry>Payload</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_TELETEXT_B</constant>
(Teletext System B)</entry>
<entry>0x0001</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="ets300706" />, <xref linkend="itu653" /></entry>
<entry>PAL/SECAM line 7-22, 320-335 (second field 7-22)</entry>
<entry>Last 42 of the 45 byte Teletext packet, that is
without clock run-in and framing code, lsb first transmitted.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_VPS</constant></entry>
<entry>0x0400</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="ets300231" /></entry>
<entry>PAL line 16</entry>
<entry>Byte number 3 to 15 according to Figure 9 of
ETS&nbsp;300&nbsp;231, lsb first transmitted.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_CAPTION_525</constant></entry>
<entry>0x1000</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="eia608" /></entry>
<entry>NTSC line 21, 284 (second field 21)</entry>
<entry>Two bytes in transmission order, including parity
bit, lsb first transmitted.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_WSS_625</constant></entry>
<entry>0x4000</entry>
<entry><xref linkend="itu1119" />, <xref linkend="en300294" /></entry>
<entry>PAL/SECAM line 23</entry>
<entry><screen>
Byte 0 1
msb lsb msb lsb
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 x x 13 12 11 10 9
</screen></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_VBI_525</constant></entry>
<entry>0x1000</entry>
<entry spanname="rlp">Set of services applicable to 525
line systems.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_SLICED_VBI_625</constant></entry>
<entry>0x4401</entry>
<entry spanname="rlp">Set of services applicable to 625
line systems.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Drivers may return an &EINVAL; when applications attempt to
read or write data without prior format negotiation, after switching
the video standard (which may invalidate the negotiated VBI
parameters) and after switching the video input (which may change the
video standard as a side effect). The &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl may return
an &EBUSY; when applications attempt to change the format while i/o is
in progress (between a &VIDIOC-STREAMON; and &VIDIOC-STREAMOFF; call,
and after the first &func-read; or &func-write; call).</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Reading and writing sliced VBI data</title>
<para>A single &func-read; or &func-write; call must pass all data
belonging to one video frame. That is an array of
<structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_data</structname> structures with one or
more elements and a total size not exceeding
<structfield>io_size</structfield> bytes. Likewise in streaming I/O
mode one buffer of <structfield>io_size</structfield> bytes must
contain data of one video frame. The <structfield>id</structfield> of
unused <structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_data</structname> elements must be
zero.</para>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-sliced-vbi-data">
<title>struct
<structname>v4l2_sliced_vbi_data</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>id</structfield></entry>
<entry>A flag from <xref linkend="vbi-services" />
identifying the type of data in this packet. Only a single bit must be
set. When the <structfield>id</structfield> of a captured packet is
zero, the packet is empty and the contents of other fields are
undefined. Applications shall ignore empty packets. When the
<structfield>id</structfield> of a packet for output is zero the
contents of the <structfield>data</structfield> field are undefined
and the driver must no longer insert data on the requested
<structfield>field</structfield> and
<structfield>line</structfield>.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>field</structfield></entry>
<entry>The video field number this data has been captured
from, or shall be inserted at. <constant>0</constant> for the first
field, <constant>1</constant> for the second field.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>line</structfield></entry>
<entry>The field (as opposed to frame) line number this
data has been captured from, or shall be inserted at. See <xref
linkend="vbi-525" /> and <xref linkend="vbi-625" /> for valid
values. Sliced VBI capture devices can set the line number of all
packets to <constant>0</constant> if the hardware cannot reliably
identify scan lines. The field number must always be valid.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved</structfield></entry>
<entry>This field is reserved for future extensions.
Applications and drivers must set it to zero.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>data</structfield>[48]</entry>
<entry>The packet payload. See <xref
linkend="vbi-services" /> for the contents and number of
bytes passed for each data type. The contents of padding bytes at the
end of this array are undefined, drivers and applications shall ignore
them.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Packets are always passed in ascending line number order,
without duplicate line numbers. The &func-write; function and the
&VIDIOC-QBUF; ioctl must return an &EINVAL; when applications violate
this rule. They must also return an &EINVAL; when applications pass an
incorrect field or line number, or a combination of
<structfield>field</structfield>, <structfield>line</structfield> and
<structfield>id</structfield> which has not been negotiated with the
&VIDIOC-G-FMT; or &VIDIOC-S-FMT; ioctl. When the line numbers are
unknown the driver must pass the packets in transmitted order. The
driver can insert empty packets with <structfield>id</structfield> set
to zero anywhere in the packet array.</para>
<para>To assure synchronization and to distinguish from frame
dropping, when a captured frame does not carry any of the requested
data services drivers must pass one or more empty packets. When an
application fails to pass VBI data in time for output, the driver
must output the last VPS and WSS packet again, and disable the output
of Closed Caption and Teletext data, or output data which is ignored
by Closed Caption and Teletext decoders.</para>
<para>A sliced VBI device may support <link
linkend="rw">read/write</link> and/or streaming (<link
linkend="mmap">memory mapping</link> and/or <link linkend="userp">user
pointer</link>) I/O. The latter bears the possibility of synchronizing
video and VBI data by using buffer timestamps.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Sliced VBI Data in MPEG Streams</title>
<para>If a device can produce an MPEG output stream, it may be
capable of providing <link
linkend="sliced-vbi-format-negotitation">negotiated sliced VBI
services</link> as data embedded in the MPEG stream. Users or
applications control this sliced VBI data insertion with the <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">V4L2_CID_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT</link>
control.</para>
<para>If the driver does not provide the <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">V4L2_CID_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT</link>
control, or only allows that control to be set to <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt"><constant>
V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_NONE</constant></link>, then the device
cannot embed sliced VBI data in the MPEG stream.</para>
<para>The <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">
V4L2_CID_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT</link> control does not implicitly set
the device driver to capture nor cease capturing sliced VBI data. The
control only indicates to embed sliced VBI data in the MPEG stream, if
an application has negotiated sliced VBI service be captured.</para>
<para>It may also be the case that a device can embed sliced VBI
data in only certain types of MPEG streams: for example in an MPEG-2
PS but not an MPEG-2 TS. In this situation, if sliced VBI data
insertion is requested, the sliced VBI data will be embedded in MPEG
stream types when supported, and silently omitted from MPEG stream
types where sliced VBI data insertion is not supported by the device.
</para>
<para>The following subsections specify the format of the
embedded sliced VBI data.</para>
<section>
<title>MPEG Stream Embedded, Sliced VBI Data Format: NONE</title>
<para>The <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt"><constant>
V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_NONE</constant></link> embedded sliced VBI
format shall be interpreted by drivers as a control to cease
embedding sliced VBI data in MPEG streams. Neither the device nor
driver shall insert "empty" embedded sliced VBI data packets in the
MPEG stream when this format is set. No MPEG stream data structures
are specified for this format.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>MPEG Stream Embedded, Sliced VBI Data Format: IVTV</title>
<para>The <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt"><constant>
V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_IVTV</constant></link> embedded sliced VBI
format, when supported, indicates to the driver to embed up to 36
lines of sliced VBI data per frame in an MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private
Stream 1 PES</emphasis> packet encapsulated in an MPEG-2 <emphasis>
Program Pack</emphasis> in the MPEG stream.</para>
<para><emphasis>Historical context</emphasis>: This format
specification originates from a custom, embedded, sliced VBI data
format used by the <filename>ivtv</filename> driver. This format
has already been informally specified in the kernel sources in the
file <filename>Documentation/video4linux/cx2341x/README.vbi</filename>
. The maximum size of the payload and other aspects of this format
are driven by the CX23415 MPEG decoder's capabilities and limitations
with respect to extracting, decoding, and displaying sliced VBI data
embedded within an MPEG stream.</para>
<para>This format's use is <emphasis>not</emphasis> exclusive to
the <filename>ivtv</filename> driver <emphasis>nor</emphasis>
exclusive to CX2341x devices, as the sliced VBI data packet insertion
into the MPEG stream is implemented in driver software. At least the
<filename>cx18</filename> driver provides sliced VBI data insertion
into an MPEG-2 PS in this format as well.</para>
<para>The following definitions specify the payload of the
MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private Stream 1 PES</emphasis> packets that contain
sliced VBI data when <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-stream-vbi-fmt">
<constant>V4L2_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT_IVTV</constant></link> is set.
(The MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private Stream 1 PES</emphasis> packet header
and encapsulating MPEG-2 <emphasis>Program Pack</emphasis> header are
not detailed here. Please refer to the MPEG-2 specifications for
details on those packet headers.)</para>
<para>The payload of the MPEG-2 <emphasis>Private Stream 1 PES
</emphasis> packets that contain sliced VBI data is specified by
&v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv;. The payload is variable
length, depending on the actual number of lines of sliced VBI data
present in a video frame. The payload may be padded at the end with
unspecified fill bytes to align the end of the payload to a 4-byte
boundary. The payload shall never exceed 1552 bytes (2 fields with
18 lines/field with 43 bytes of data/line and a 4 byte magic number).
</para>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_fmt_ivtv</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="4">
&cs-ustr;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>magic</structfield>[4]</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>A "magic" constant from <xref
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv-magic" /> that indicates
this is a valid sliced VBI data payload and also indicates which
member of the anonymous union, <structfield>itv0</structfield> or
<structfield>ITV0</structfield>, to use for the payload data.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>union</entry>
<entry>(anonymous)</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>itv0</structfield></entry>
<entry>The primary form of the sliced VBI data payload
that contains anywhere from 1 to 35 lines of sliced VBI data.
Line masks are provided in this form of the payload indicating
which VBI lines are provided.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_ITV0</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>ITV0</structfield></entry>
<entry>An alternate form of the sliced VBI data payload
used when 36 lines of sliced VBI data are present. No line masks are
provided in this form of the payload; all valid line mask bits are
implcitly set.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv-magic">
<title>Magic Constants for &v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv;
<structfield>magic</structfield> field</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry align="left">Defined Symbol</entry>
<entry align="left">Value</entry>
<entry align="left">Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_MAGIC0</constant>
</entry>
<entry>"itv0"</entry>
<entry>Indicates the <structfield>itv0</structfield>
member of the union in &v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv; is valid.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_MAGIC1</constant>
</entry>
<entry>"ITV0"</entry>
<entry>Indicates the <structfield>ITV0</structfield>
member of the union in &v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv; is valid and
that 36 lines of sliced VBI data are present.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__le32</entry>
<entry><structfield>linemask</structfield>[2]</entry>
<entry><para>Bitmasks indicating the VBI service lines
present. These <structfield>linemask</structfield> values are stored
in little endian byte order in the MPEG stream. Some reference
<structfield>linemask</structfield> bit positions with their
corresponding VBI line number and video field are given below.
b<subscript>0</subscript> indicates the least significant bit of a
<structfield>linemask</structfield> value:<screen>
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>0</subscript>: line 6 first field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>17</subscript>: line 23 first field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>18</subscript>: line 6 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0] b<subscript>31</subscript>: line 19 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] b<subscript>0</subscript>: line 20 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] b<subscript>3</subscript>: line 23 second field
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] b<subscript>4</subscript>-b<subscript>31</subscript>: unused and set to 0</screen></para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>line</structfield>[35]</entry>
<entry>This is a variable length array that holds from 1
to 35 lines of sliced VBI data. The sliced VBI data lines present
correspond to the bits set in the <structfield>linemask</structfield>
array, starting from b<subscript>0</subscript> of <structfield>
linemask</structfield>[0] up through b<subscript>31</subscript> of
<structfield>linemask</structfield>[0], and from b<subscript>0
</subscript> of <structfield>linemask</structfield>[1] up through b
<subscript>3</subscript> of <structfield>linemask</structfield>[1].
<structfield>line</structfield>[0] corresponds to the first bit
found set in the <structfield>linemask</structfield> array,
<structfield>line</structfield>[1] corresponds to the second bit
found set in the <structfield>linemask</structfield> array, etc.
If no <structfield>linemask</structfield> array bits are set, then
<structfield>line</structfield>[0] may contain one line of
unspecified data that should be ignored by applications.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_ITV0</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>struct <link linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line">
<structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname></link>
</entry>
<entry><structfield>line</structfield>[36]</entry>
<entry>A fixed length array of 36 lines of sliced VBI
data. <structfield>line</structfield>[0] through <structfield>line
</structfield>[17] correspond to lines 6 through 23 of the
first field. <structfield>line</structfield>[18] through
<structfield>line</structfield>[35] corresponds to lines 6
through 23 of the second field.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line">
<title>struct <structname>v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname>
</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>id</structfield></entry>
<entry>A line identifier value from
<xref linkend="ITV0-Line-Identifier-Constants" /> that indicates
the type of sliced VBI data stored on this line.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>data</structfield>[42]</entry>
<entry>The sliced VBI data for the line.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="ITV0-Line-Identifier-Constants">
<title>Line Identifiers for struct <link
linkend="v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line"><structname>
v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</structname></link> <structfield>id
</structfield> field</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-def;
<thead>
<row>
<entry align="left">Defined Symbol</entry>
<entry align="left">Value</entry>
<entry align="left">Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_TELETEXT_B</constant>
</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_CAPTION_525</constant>
</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_WSS_625</constant>
</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>V4L2_MPEG_VBI_IVTV_VPS</constant>
</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>Refer to <link linkend="vbi-services2">
Sliced VBI services</link> for a description of the line payload.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
</section>

467
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-subdev.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
<title>Sub-device Interface</title>
<note>
<title>Experimental</title>
<para>This is an <link linkend="experimental">experimental</link>
interface and may change in the future.</para>
</note>
<para>The complex nature of V4L2 devices, where hardware is often made of
several integrated circuits that need to interact with each other in a
controlled way, leads to complex V4L2 drivers. The drivers usually reflect
the hardware model in software, and model the different hardware components
as software blocks called sub-devices.</para>
<para>V4L2 sub-devices are usually kernel-only objects. If the V4L2 driver
implements the media device API, they will automatically inherit from media
entities. Applications will be able to enumerate the sub-devices and discover
the hardware topology using the media entities, pads and links enumeration
API.</para>
<para>In addition to make sub-devices discoverable, drivers can also choose
to make them directly configurable by applications. When both the sub-device
driver and the V4L2 device driver support this, sub-devices will feature a
character device node on which ioctls can be called to
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>query, read and write sub-devices controls</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>subscribe and unsubscribe to events and retrieve them</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>negotiate image formats on individual pads</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>Sub-device character device nodes, conventionally named
<filename>/dev/v4l-subdev*</filename>, use major number 81.</para>
<section>
<title>Controls</title>
<para>Most V4L2 controls are implemented by sub-device hardware. Drivers
usually merge all controls and expose them through video device nodes.
Applications can control all sub-devices through a single interface.</para>
<para>Complex devices sometimes implement the same control in different
pieces of hardware. This situation is common in embedded platforms, where
both sensors and image processing hardware implement identical functions,
such as contrast adjustment, white balance or faulty pixels correction. As
the V4L2 controls API doesn't support several identical controls in a single
device, all but one of the identical controls are hidden.</para>
<para>Applications can access those hidden controls through the sub-device
node with the V4L2 control API described in <xref linkend="control" />. The
ioctls behave identically as when issued on V4L2 device nodes, with the
exception that they deal only with controls implemented in the sub-device.
</para>
<para>Depending on the driver, those controls might also be exposed through
one (or several) V4L2 device nodes.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Events</title>
<para>V4L2 sub-devices can notify applications of events as described in
<xref linkend="event" />. The API behaves identically as when used on V4L2
device nodes, with the exception that it only deals with events generated by
the sub-device. Depending on the driver, those events might also be reported
on one (or several) V4L2 device nodes.</para>
</section>
<section id="pad-level-formats">
<title>Pad-level Formats</title>
<warning><para>Pad-level formats are only applicable to very complex device that
need to expose low-level format configuration to user space. Generic V4L2
applications do <emphasis>not</emphasis> need to use the API described in
this section.</para></warning>
<note><para>For the purpose of this section, the term
<wordasword>format</wordasword> means the combination of media bus data
format, frame width and frame height.</para></note>
<para>Image formats are typically negotiated on video capture and
output devices using the format and <link
linkend="vidioc-subdev-g-selection">selection</link> ioctls. The
driver is responsible for configuring every block in the video
pipeline according to the requested format at the pipeline input
and/or output.</para>
<para>For complex devices, such as often found in embedded systems,
identical image sizes at the output of a pipeline can be achieved using
different hardware configurations. One such example is shown on
<xref linkend="pipeline-scaling" />, where
image scaling can be performed on both the video sensor and the host image
processing hardware.</para>
<figure id="pipeline-scaling">
<title>Image Format Negotiation on Pipelines</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="pipeline.pdf" format="PS" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="pipeline.png" format="PNG" />
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>High quality and high speed pipeline configuration</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>The sensor scaler is usually of less quality than the host scaler, but
scaling on the sensor is required to achieve higher frame rates. Depending
on the use case (quality vs. speed), the pipeline must be configured
differently. Applications need to configure the formats at every point in
the pipeline explicitly.</para>
<para>Drivers that implement the <link linkend="media-controller-intro">media
API</link> can expose pad-level image format configuration to applications.
When they do, applications can use the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; and
&VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; ioctls. to negotiate formats on a per-pad basis.</para>
<para>Applications are responsible for configuring coherent parameters on
the whole pipeline and making sure that connected pads have compatible
formats. The pipeline is checked for formats mismatch at &VIDIOC-STREAMON;
time, and an &EPIPE; is then returned if the configuration is
invalid.</para>
<para>Pad-level image format configuration support can be tested by calling
the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; ioctl on pad 0. If the driver returns an &EINVAL;
pad-level format configuration is not supported by the sub-device.</para>
<section>
<title>Format Negotiation</title>
<para>Acceptable formats on pads can (and usually do) depend on a number
of external parameters, such as formats on other pads, active links, or
even controls. Finding a combination of formats on all pads in a video
pipeline, acceptable to both application and driver, can't rely on formats
enumeration only. A format negotiation mechanism is required.</para>
<para>Central to the format negotiation mechanism are the get/set format
operations. When called with the <structfield>which</structfield> argument
set to <constant>V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_TRY</constant>, the
&VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; and &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; ioctls operate on a set of
formats parameters that are not connected to the hardware configuration.
Modifying those 'try' formats leaves the device state untouched (this
applies to both the software state stored in the driver and the hardware
state stored in the device itself).</para>
<para>While not kept as part of the device state, try formats are stored
in the sub-device file handles. A &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-G-FMT; call will return
the last try format set <emphasis>on the same sub-device file
handle</emphasis>. Several applications querying the same sub-device at
the same time will thus not interact with each other.</para>
<para>To find out whether a particular format is supported by the device,
applications use the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; ioctl. Drivers verify and, if
needed, change the requested <structfield>format</structfield> based on
device requirements and return the possibly modified value. Applications
can then choose to try a different format or accept the returned value and
continue.</para>
<para>Formats returned by the driver during a negotiation iteration are
guaranteed to be supported by the device. In particular, drivers guarantee
that a returned format will not be further changed if passed to an
&VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-FMT; call as-is (as long as external parameters, such as
formats on other pads or links' configuration are not changed).</para>
<para>Drivers automatically propagate formats inside sub-devices. When a
try or active format is set on a pad, corresponding formats on other pads
of the same sub-device can be modified by the driver. Drivers are free to
modify formats as required by the device. However, they should comply with
the following rules when possible:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Formats should be propagated from sink pads to source pads.
Modifying a format on a source pad should not modify the format on any
sink pad.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Sub-devices that scale frames using variable scaling factors
should reset the scale factors to default values when sink pads formats
are modified. If the 1:1 scaling ratio is supported, this means that
source pads formats should be reset to the sink pads formats.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>Formats are not propagated across links, as that would involve
propagating them from one sub-device file handle to another. Applications
must then take care to configure both ends of every link explicitly with
compatible formats. Identical formats on the two ends of a link are
guaranteed to be compatible. Drivers are free to accept different formats
matching device requirements as being compatible.</para>
<para><xref linkend="sample-pipeline-config" />
shows a sample configuration sequence for the pipeline described in
<xref linkend="pipeline-scaling" /> (table
columns list entity names and pad numbers).</para>
<table pgwide="0" frame="none" id="sample-pipeline-config">
<title>Sample Pipeline Configuration</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="what"/>
<colspec colname="sensor-0" />
<colspec colname="frontend-0" />
<colspec colname="frontend-1" />
<colspec colname="scaler-0" />
<colspec colname="scaler-1" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Sensor/0</entry>
<entry>Frontend/0</entry>
<entry>Frontend/1</entry>
<entry>Scaler/0</entry>
<entry>Scaler/1</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>Initial state</entry>
<entry>2048x1536</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Configure frontend input</entry>
<entry>2048x1536</entry>
<entry><emphasis>2048x1536</emphasis></entry>
<entry><emphasis>2046x1534</emphasis></entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Configure scaler input</entry>
<entry>2048x1536</entry>
<entry>2048x1536</entry>
<entry>2046x1534</entry>
<entry><emphasis>2046x1534</emphasis></entry>
<entry><emphasis>2046x1534</emphasis></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Configure scaler output</entry>
<entry>2048x1536</entry>
<entry>2048x1536</entry>
<entry>2046x1534</entry>
<entry>2046x1534</entry>
<entry><emphasis>1280x960</emphasis></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Initial state. The sensor output is set to its native 3MP
resolution. Resolutions on the host frontend and scaler input and output
pads are undefined.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The application configures the frontend input pad resolution to
2048x1536. The driver propagates the format to the frontend output pad.
Note that the propagated output format can be different, as in this case,
than the input format, as the hardware might need to crop pixels (for
instance when converting a Bayer filter pattern to RGB or YUV).</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The application configures the scaler input pad resolution to
2046x1534 to match the frontend output resolution. The driver propagates
the format to the scaler output pad.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The application configures the scaler output pad resolution to
1280x960.</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
<para>When satisfied with the try results, applications can set the active
formats by setting the <structfield>which</structfield> argument to
<constant>V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_ACTIVE</constant>. Active formats are changed
exactly as try formats by drivers. To avoid modifying the hardware state
during format negotiation, applications should negotiate try formats first
and then modify the active settings using the try formats returned during
the last negotiation iteration. This guarantees that the active format
will be applied as-is by the driver without being modified.
</para>
</section>
<section id="v4l2-subdev-selections">
<title>Selections: cropping, scaling and composition</title>
<para>Many sub-devices support cropping frames on their input or output
pads (or possible even on both). Cropping is used to select the area of
interest in an image, typically on an image sensor or a video decoder. It can
also be used as part of digital zoom implementations to select the area of
the image that will be scaled up.</para>
<para>Crop settings are defined by a crop rectangle and represented in a
&v4l2-rect; by the coordinates of the top left corner and the rectangle
size. Both the coordinates and sizes are expressed in pixels.</para>
<para>As for pad formats, drivers store try and active
rectangles for the selection targets <xref
linkend="v4l2-selections-common" />.</para>
<para>On sink pads, cropping is applied relative to the
current pad format. The pad format represents the image size as
received by the sub-device from the previous block in the
pipeline, and the crop rectangle represents the sub-image that
will be transmitted further inside the sub-device for
processing.</para>
<para>The scaling operation changes the size of the image by
scaling it to new dimensions. The scaling ratio isn't specified
explicitly, but is implied from the original and scaled image
sizes. Both sizes are represented by &v4l2-rect;.</para>
<para>Scaling support is optional. When supported by a subdev,
the crop rectangle on the subdev's sink pad is scaled to the
size configured using the &VIDIOC-SUBDEV-S-SELECTION; IOCTL
using <constant>V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE</constant>
selection target on the same pad. If the subdev supports scaling
but not composing, the top and left values are not used and must
always be set to zero.</para>
<para>On source pads, cropping is similar to sink pads, with the
exception that the source size from which the cropping is
performed, is the COMPOSE rectangle on the sink pad. In both
sink and source pads, the crop rectangle must be entirely
contained inside the source image size for the crop
operation.</para>
<para>The drivers should always use the closest possible
rectangle the user requests on all selection targets, unless
specifically told otherwise.
<constant>V4L2_SEL_FLAG_GE</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_SEL_FLAG_LE</constant> flags may be
used to round the image size either up or down. <xref
linkend="v4l2-selection-flags" /></para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Types of selection targets</title>
<section>
<title>Actual targets</title>
<para>Actual targets (without a postfix) reflect the actual
hardware configuration at any point of time. There is a BOUNDS
target corresponding to every actual target.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>BOUNDS targets</title>
<para>BOUNDS targets is the smallest rectangle that contains all
valid actual rectangles. It may not be possible to set the actual
rectangle as large as the BOUNDS rectangle, however. This may be
because e.g. a sensor's pixel array is not rectangular but
cross-shaped or round. The maximum size may also be smaller than the
BOUNDS rectangle.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Order of configuration and format propagation</title>
<para>Inside subdevs, the order of image processing steps will
always be from the sink pad towards the source pad. This is also
reflected in the order in which the configuration must be
performed by the user: the changes made will be propagated to
any subsequent stages. If this behaviour is not desired, the
user must set
<constant>V4L2_SEL_FLAG_KEEP_CONFIG</constant> flag. This
flag causes no propagation of the changes are allowed in any
circumstances. This may also cause the accessed rectangle to be
adjusted by the driver, depending on the properties of the
underlying hardware.</para>
<para>The coordinates to a step always refer to the actual size
of the previous step. The exception to this rule is the source
compose rectangle, which refers to the sink compose bounds
rectangle --- if it is supported by the hardware.</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Sink pad format. The user configures the sink pad
format. This format defines the parameters of the image the
entity receives through the pad for further processing.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Sink pad actual crop selection. The sink pad crop
defines the crop performed to the sink pad format.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Sink pad actual compose selection. The size of the
sink pad compose rectangle defines the scaling ratio compared
to the size of the sink pad crop rectangle. The location of
the compose rectangle specifies the location of the actual
sink compose rectangle in the sink compose bounds
rectangle.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Source pad actual crop selection. Crop on the source
pad defines crop performed to the image in the sink compose
bounds rectangle.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Source pad format. The source pad format defines the
output pixel format of the subdev, as well as the other
parameters with the exception of the image width and height.
Width and height are defined by the size of the source pad
actual crop selection.</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>Accessing any of the above rectangles not supported by the
subdev will return <constant>EINVAL</constant>. Any rectangle
referring to a previous unsupported rectangle coordinates will
instead refer to the previous supported rectangle. For example,
if sink crop is not supported, the compose selection will refer
to the sink pad format dimensions instead.</para>
<figure id="subdev-image-processing-crop">
<title>Image processing in subdevs: simple crop example</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="subdev-image-processing-crop.svg"
format="SVG" scale="200" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>In the above example, the subdev supports cropping on its
sink pad. To configure it, the user sets the media bus format on
the subdev's sink pad. Now the actual crop rectangle can be set
on the sink pad --- the location and size of this rectangle
reflect the location and size of a rectangle to be cropped from
the sink format. The size of the sink crop rectangle will also
be the size of the format of the subdev's source pad.</para>
<figure id="subdev-image-processing-scaling-multi-source">
<title>Image processing in subdevs: scaling with multiple sources</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="subdev-image-processing-scaling-multi-source.svg"
format="SVG" scale="200" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>In this example, the subdev is capable of first cropping,
then scaling and finally cropping for two source pads
individually from the resulting scaled image. The location of
the scaled image in the cropped image is ignored in sink compose
target. Both of the locations of the source crop rectangles
refer to the sink scaling rectangle, independently cropping an
area at location specified by the source crop rectangle from
it.</para>
<figure id="subdev-image-processing-full">
<title>Image processing in subdevs: scaling and composition
with multiple sinks and sources</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="subdev-image-processing-full.svg"
format="SVG" scale="200" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>The subdev driver supports two sink pads and two source
pads. The images from both of the sink pads are individually
cropped, then scaled and further composed on the composition
bounds rectangle. From that, two independent streams are cropped
and sent out of the subdev from the source pads.</para>
</section>
</section>
&sub-subdev-formats;

29
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/dev-teletext.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
<title>Teletext Interface</title>
<para>This interface was aimed at devices receiving and demodulating
Teletext data [<xref linkend="ets300706" />, <xref linkend="itu653" />], evaluating the
Teletext packages and storing formatted pages in cache memory. Such
devices are usually implemented as microcontrollers with serial
interface (I<superscript>2</superscript>C) and could be found on old
TV cards, dedicated Teletext decoding cards and home-brew devices
connected to the PC parallel port.</para>
<para>The Teletext API was designed by Martin Buck. It was defined in
the kernel header file <filename>linux/videotext.h</filename>, the
specification is available from <ulink url="ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/videotext/">
ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/videotext/</ulink>. (Videotext is the name of
the German public television Teletext service.)</para>
<para>Eventually the Teletext API was integrated into the V4L API
with character device file names <filename>/dev/vtx0</filename> to
<filename>/dev/vtx31</filename>, device major number 81, minor numbers
192 to 223.</para>
<para>However, teletext decoders were quickly replaced by more
generic VBI demodulators and those dedicated teletext decoders no longer exist.
For many years the vtx devices were still around, even though nobody used
them. So the decision was made to finally remove support for the Teletext API in
kernel 2.6.37.</para>
<para>Modern devices all use the <link linkend="raw-vbi">raw</link> or
<link linkend="sliced">sliced</link> VBI API.</para>

200
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/driver.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
<title>V4L2 Driver Programming</title>
<!-- This part defines the interface between the "videodev"
module and individual drivers. -->
<para>to do</para>
<!--
<para>V4L2 is a two-layer driver system. The top layer is the "videodev"
kernel module. When videodev initializes it registers as character device
with major number 81, and it registers a set of file operations. All V4L2
drivers are really clients of videodev, which calls V4L2 drivers through
driver method functions. V4L2 drivers are also written as kernel modules.
After probing the hardware they register one or more devices with
videodev.</para>
<section id="driver-modules">
<title>Driver Modules</title>
<para>V4L2 driver modules must have an initialization function which is
called after the module was loaded into kernel, an exit function whis is
called before the module is removed. When the driver is compiled into the
kernel these functions called at system boot and shutdown time.</para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting>
#include &lt;linux/module.h&gt;
/* Export information about this module. For details and other useful
macros see <filename>linux/module.h</filename>. */
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("my - driver for my hardware");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Your name here");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
static void
my_module_exit (void)
{
/* Free all resources allocated by my_module_init(). */
}
static int
my_module_init (void)
{
/* Bind the driver to the supported hardware, see
<link linkend="driver-pci"> and
<link linkend="driver-usb"> for examples. */
return 0; /* a negative value on error, 0 on success. */
}
/* Export module functions. */
module_init (my_module_init);
module_exit (my_module_exit);
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
<para>Users can add parameters when kernel modules are inserted:</para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting>
include &lt;linux/moduleparam.h&gt;
static int my_option = 123;
static int my_option_array[47];
/* Export the symbol, an int, with access permissions 0664.
See <filename>linux/moduleparam.h</filename> for other types. */
module_param (my_option, int, 0644);
module_param_array (my_option_array, int, NULL, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC (my_option, "Does magic things, default 123");
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
<para>One parameter should be supported by all V4L2 drivers, the minor
number of the device it will register. Purpose is to predictably link V4L2
drivers to device nodes if more than one video device is installed. Use the
name of the device node followed by a "_nr" suffix, for example "video_nr"
for <filename>/dev/video</filename>.</para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting>
/* Minor number of the device, -1 to allocate the first unused. */
static int video_nr = -1;
module_param (video_nr, int, 0444);
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</section>
<section id="driver-pci">
<title>PCI Devices</title>
<para>PCI devices are initialized like this:</para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting>
typedef struct {
/* State of one physical device. */
} my_device;
static int
my_resume (struct pci_dev * pci_dev)
{
/* Restore the suspended device to working state. */
}
static int
my_suspend (struct pci_dev * pci_dev,
pm_message_t state)
{
/* This function is called before the system goes to sleep.
Stop all DMAs and disable interrupts, then put the device
into a low power state. For details see the kernel
sources under <filename>Documentation/power</filename>. */
return 0; /* a negative value on error, 0 on success. */
}
static void
my_remove (struct pci_dev * pci_dev)
{
my_device *my = pci_get_drvdata (pci_dev);
/* Describe me. */
}
static int
my_probe (struct pci_dev * pci_dev,
const struct pci_device_id * pci_id)
{
my_device *my;
/* Describe me. */
/* You can allocate per-device data here and store a pointer
to it in the pci_dev structure. */
my = ...;
pci_set_drvdata (pci_dev, my);
return 0; /* a negative value on error, 0 on success. */
}
/* A list of supported PCI devices. */
static struct pci_device_id
my_pci_device_ids [] = {
{ PCI_VENDOR_ID_FOO, PCI_DEVICE_ID_BAR,
PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 },
{ 0 } /* end of list */
};
/* Load our module if supported PCI devices are installed. */
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (pci, my_pci_device_ids);
static struct pci_driver
my_pci_driver = {
.name = "my",
.id_table = my_pci_device_ids,
.probe = my_probe,
.remove = my_remove,
/* Power management functions. */
.suspend = my_suspend,
.resume = my_resume,
};
static void
my_module_exit (void)
{
pci_unregister_driver (&my_pci_driver);
}
static int
my_module_init (void)
{
return pci_register_driver (&my_pci_driver);
}
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</section>
<section id="driver-usb">
<title>USB Devices</title>
<para>to do</para>
</section>
<section id="driver-registering">
<title>Registering V4L2 Drivers</title>
<para>After a V4L2 driver probed the hardware it registers one or more
devices with the videodev module.</para>
</section>
<section id="driver-file-ops">
<title>File Operations</title>
<para>to do</para>
</section>
<section id="driver-internal-api">
<title>Internal API</title>
<para>to do</para>
</section>
-->

671
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/fdl-appendix.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,671 @@
<!--
The GNU Free Documentation License 1.1 in DocBook
Markup by Eric Baudais <baudais@okstate.edu>
Maintained by the GNOME Documentation Project
http://live.gnome.org/DocumentationProject
Version: 1.0.1
Last Modified: Nov 16, 2000
-->
<appendix id="fdl">
<appendixinfo>
<releaseinfo>
Version 1.1, March 2000
</releaseinfo>
<copyright>
<year>2000</year><holder>Free Software Foundation, Inc.</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice id="fdl-legalnotice">
<para>
<address>Free Software Foundation, Inc. <street>59 Temple Place,
Suite 330</street>, <city>Boston</city>, <state>MA</state>
<postcode>02111-1307</postcode> <country>USA</country></address>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</para>
</legalnotice>
</appendixinfo>
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
<sect1 id="fdl-preamble">
<title>0. PREAMBLE</title>
<para>
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or
other written document <quote>free</quote> in the sense of
freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and
redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either
commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for
their work, while not being considered responsible for
modifications made by others.
</para>
<para>
This License is a kind of <quote>copyleft</quote>, which means
that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in
the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License,
which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
</para>
<para>
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
free program should come with manuals providing the same
freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited
to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
printed book. We recommend this License principally for works
whose purpose is instruction or reference.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section1">
<title>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
<para id="fdl-document">
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License. The
<quote>Document</quote>, below, refers to any such manual or
work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed
as <quote>you</quote>.
</para>
<para id="fdl-modified">
A <quote>Modified Version</quote> of the Document means any work
containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
language.
</para>
<para id="fdl-secondary">
A <quote>Secondary Section</quote> is a named appendix or a
front-matter section of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> that deals exclusively
with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the
Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within
that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
regarding them.
</para>
<para id="fdl-invariant">
The <quote>Invariant Sections</quote> are certain <link
linkend="fdl-secondary"> Secondary Sections</link> whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
notice that says that the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released under this
License.
</para>
<para id="fdl-cover-texts">
The <quote>Cover Texts</quote> are certain short passages of
text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts,
in the notice that says that the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> is released under this
License.
</para>
<para id="fdl-transparent">
A <quote>Transparent</quote> copy of the <link
linkend="fdl-document"> Document</link> means a machine-readable
copy, represented in a format whose specification is available
to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited
directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for
images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for
drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is
suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy
that is not <quote>Transparent</quote> is called
<quote>Opaque</quote>.
</para>
<para>
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human
modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,
proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for
output purposes only.
</para>
<para id="fdl-title-page">
The <quote>Title Page</quote> means, for a printed book, the
title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to
hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in
the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title
page as such, <quote>Title Page</quote> means the text near the
most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the
beginning of the body of the text.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section2">
<title>2. VERBATIM COPYING</title>
<para>
You may copy and distribute the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that
you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
must also follow the conditions in <link
linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link>.
</para>
<para>
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
above, and you may publicly display copies.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section3">
<title>3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
<para>
If you publish printed copies of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100,
and the Document's license notice requires <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>, you must enclose
the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these
Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also
clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
<link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and satisfy these
conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
respects.
</para>
<para>
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
adjacent pages.
</para>
<para>
If you publish or distribute <link
linkend="fdl-transparent">Opaque</link> copies of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> numbering more than 100,
you must either include a machine-readable <link
linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link> copy along with
each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a
complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added
material, which the general network-using public has access to
download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network
protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take
reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly
or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the
public.
</para>
<para>
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors
of the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> well before
redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance
to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section4">
<title>4. MODIFICATIONS</title>
<para>
You may copy and distribute a <link
linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the conditions of
sections <link linkend="fdl-section2">2</link> and <link
linkend="fdl-section3">3</link> above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus
licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version
to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do
these things in the Modified Version:
</para>
<itemizedlist mark="opencircle">
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>A</title>
<para>
Use in the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
Page</link> (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, and from those of
previous versions (which should, if there were any, be
listed in the History section of the Document). You may
use the same title as a previous version if the original
publisher of that version gives permission.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>B</title>
<para>
List on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
Page</link>, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
<link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>,
together with at least five of the principal authors of
the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> (all of
its principal authors, if it has less than five).
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>C</title>
<para>
State on the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title
Page</link> the name of the publisher of the <link
linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>, as the
publisher.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>D</title>
<para>
Preserve all the copyright notices of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>E</title>
<para>
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>F</title>
<para>
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a
license notice giving the public permission to use the
<link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> under
the terms of this License, in the form shown in the
Addendum below.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>G</title>
<para>
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of <link
linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> and
required <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover
Texts</link> given in the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document's</link> license notice.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>H</title>
<para>
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>I</title>
<para>
Preserve the section entitled <quote>History</quote>, and
its title, and add to it an item stating at least the
title, year, new authors, and publisher of the <link
linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>as given on
the <link linkend="fdl-title-page">Title Page</link>. If
there is no section entitled <quote>History</quote> in the
<link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous
sentence.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>J</title>
<para>
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> for public access
to a <link linkend="fdl-transparent">Transparent</link>
copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations
given in the Document for previous versions it was based
on. These may be placed in the <quote>History</quote>
section. You may omit a network location for a work that
was published at least four years before the Document
itself, or if the original publisher of the version it
refers to gives permission.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>K</title>
<para>
In any section entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote> or
<quote>Dedications</quote>, preserve the section's title,
and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>L</title>
<para>
Preserve all the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
Sections</link> of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>, unaltered in their
text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>M</title>
<para>
Delete any section entitled
<quote>Endorsements</quote>. Such a section may not be
included in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified
Version</link>.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>N</title>
<para>
Do not retitle any existing section as
<quote>Endorsements</quote> or to conflict in title with
any <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
Section</link>.
</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
If the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>
includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as
<link linkend="fdl-secondary">Secondary Sections</link> and
contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your
option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To
do this, add their titles to the list of <link
linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> in the
Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be
distinct from any other section titles.
</para>
<para>
You may add a section entitled <quote>Endorsements</quote>,
provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your <link
linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link> by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
definition of a standard.
</para>
<para>
You may add a passage of up to five words as a <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Text</link>, and a passage
of up to 25 words as a <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Text</link>, to the end of
the list of <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Texts</link>
in the <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>.
Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text
may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one
entity. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are
acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
publisher that added the old one.
</para>
<para>
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
assert or imply endorsement of any <link
linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version </link>.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section5">
<title>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
<para>
You may combine the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
with other documents released under this License, under the
terms defined in <link linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>
above for modified versions, provided that you include in the
combination all of the <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
Sections</link> of all of the original documents, unmodified,
and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in
its license notice.
</para>
<para>
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License,
and multiple identical <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
Sections</link> may be replaced with a single copy. If there are
multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding
at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique
number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the
list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined
work.
</para>
<para>
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
<quote>History</quote> in the various original documents,
forming one section entitled <quote>History</quote>; likewise
combine any sections entitled <quote>Acknowledgements</quote>,
and any sections entitled <quote>Dedications</quote>. You must
delete all sections entitled <quote>Endorsements.</quote>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section6">
<title>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
<para>
You may make a collection consisting of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies
of this License in the various documents with a single copy that
is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
documents in all other respects.
</para>
<para>
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
dispbibute it individually under this License, provided you
insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
copying of that document.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section7">
<title>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
<para>
A compilation of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> or its derivatives with
other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a
volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole
count as a <link linkend="fdl-modified">Modified Version</link>
of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed
for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an
<quote>aggregate</quote>, and this License does not apply to the
other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on
account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
derivative works of the Document. If the <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Cover Text</link> requirement of <link
linkend="fdl-section3">section 3</link> is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one
quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may
be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
aggregate.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section8">
<title>8. TRANSLATION</title>
<para>
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> under the terms of <link
linkend="fdl-section4">section 4</link>. Replacing <link
linkend="fdl-invariant"> Invariant Sections</link> with
translations requires special permission from their copyright
holders, but you may include translations of some or all
Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this
License provided that you also include the original English
version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the
translation and the original English version of this License,
the original English version will prevail.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section9">
<title>9. TERMINATION</title>
<para>
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the <link
linkend="fdl-document">Document</link> except as expressly
provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy,
modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-section10">
<title>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
<para>
The <ulink type="http"
url="http://www.gnu.org/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software
Foundation</ulink> may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ
in detail to address new problems or concerns. See <ulink
type="http"
url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
number. If the <link linkend="fdl-document">Document</link>
specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
<quote>or any later version</quote> applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that
specified version or of any later version that has been
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If
the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by
the Free Software Foundation.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fdl-using">
<title>Addendum</title>
<para>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
</para>
<blockquote>
<para>
Copyright &copy; YEAR YOUR NAME.
</para>
<para>
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the
Free Software Foundation; with the <link
linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant Sections</link> being LIST
THEIR TITLES, with the <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link> being LIST,
and with the <link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover
Texts</link> being LIST. A copy of the license is included in
the section entitled <quote>GNU Free Documentation
License</quote>.
</para>
</blockquote>
<para>
If you have no <link linkend="fdl-invariant">Invariant
Sections</link>, write <quote>with no Invariant Sections</quote>
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
<link linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Front-Cover Texts</link>, write
<quote>no Front-Cover Texts</quote> instead of
<quote>Front-Cover Texts being LIST</quote>; likewise for <link
linkend="fdl-cover-texts">Back-Cover Texts</link>.
</para>
<para>
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code,
we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your
choice of free software license, such as the <ulink type="http"
url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"> GNU General Public
License</ulink>, to permit their use in free software.
</para>
</sect1>
</appendix>

BIN
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/fieldseq_bt.pdf Normal file
View file

Binary file not shown.

BIN
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/fieldseq_tb.pdf Normal file
View file

Binary file not shown.

62
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/func-close.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
<refentry id="func-close">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 close()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-close</refname>
<refpurpose>Close a V4L2 device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>close</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Closes the device. Any I/O in progress is terminated and
resources associated with the file descriptor are freed. However data
format parameters, current input or output, control values or other
properties remain unchanged.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>The function returns <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> on
success, <returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> on failure and the
<varname>errno</varname> is set appropriately. Possible error
codes:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid open file
descriptor.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

71
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/func-ioctl.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
<refentry id="func-ioctl">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 ioctl()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-ioctl</refname>
<refpurpose>Program a V4L2 device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>V4L2 ioctl request code as defined in the <filename>videodev2.h</filename> header file, for example
VIDIOC_QUERYCAP.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Pointer to a function parameter, usually a structure.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The <function>ioctl()</function> function is used to program
V4L2 devices. The argument <parameter>fd</parameter> must be an open
file descriptor. An ioctl <parameter>request</parameter> has encoded
in it whether the argument is an input, output or read/write
parameter, and the size of the argument <parameter>argp</parameter> in
bytes. Macros and defines specifying V4L2 ioctl requests are located
in the <filename>videodev2.h</filename> header file.
Applications should use their own copy, not include the version in the
kernel sources on the system they compile on. All V4L2 ioctl requests,
their respective function and parameters are specified in <xref
linkend="user-func" />.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
<para>When an ioctl that takes an output or read/write parameter fails,
the parameter remains unmodified.</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

183
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/func-mmap.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
<refentry id="func-mmap">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 mmap()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-mmap</refname>
<refpurpose>Map device memory into application address space</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/mman.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>void *<function>mmap</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>start</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>size_t <parameter>length</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>prot</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>off_t <parameter>offset</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>start</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Map the buffer to this address in the
application's address space. When the <constant>MAP_FIXED</constant>
flag is specified, <parameter>start</parameter> must be a multiple of the
pagesize and mmap will fail when the specified address
cannot be used. Use of this option is discouraged; applications should
just specify a <constant>NULL</constant> pointer here.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>length</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Length of the memory area to map. This must be the
same value as returned by the driver in the &v4l2-buffer;
<structfield>length</structfield> field for the
single-planar API, and the same value as returned by the driver
in the &v4l2-plane; <structfield>length</structfield> field for the
multi-planar API.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>prot</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>prot</parameter> argument describes the
desired memory protection. Regardless of the device type and the
direction of data exchange it should be set to
<constant>PROT_READ</constant> | <constant>PROT_WRITE</constant>,
permitting read and write access to image buffers. Drivers should
support at least this combination of flags. Note the Linux
<filename>video-buf</filename> kernel module, which is used by the
bttv, saa7134, saa7146, cx88 and vivi driver supports only
<constant>PROT_READ</constant> | <constant>PROT_WRITE</constant>. When
the driver does not support the desired protection the
<function>mmap()</function> function fails.</para>
<para>Note device memory accesses (&eg; the memory on a
graphics card with video capturing hardware) may incur a performance
penalty compared to main memory accesses, or reads may be
significantly slower than writes or vice versa. Other I/O methods may
be more efficient in this case.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>flags</parameter> parameter
specifies the type of the mapped object, mapping options and whether
modifications made to the mapped copy of the page are private to the
process or are to be shared with other references.</para>
<para><constant>MAP_FIXED</constant> requests that the
driver selects no other address than the one specified. If the
specified address cannot be used, <function>mmap()</function> will fail. If
<constant>MAP_FIXED</constant> is specified,
<parameter>start</parameter> must be a multiple of the pagesize. Use
of this option is discouraged.</para>
<para>One of the <constant>MAP_SHARED</constant> or
<constant>MAP_PRIVATE</constant> flags must be set.
<constant>MAP_SHARED</constant> allows applications to share the
mapped memory with other (&eg; child-) processes. Note the Linux
<filename>video-buf</filename> module which is used by the bttv,
saa7134, saa7146, cx88 and vivi driver supports only
<constant>MAP_SHARED</constant>. <constant>MAP_PRIVATE</constant>
requests copy-on-write semantics. V4L2 applications should not set the
<constant>MAP_PRIVATE</constant>, <constant>MAP_DENYWRITE</constant>,
<constant>MAP_EXECUTABLE</constant> or <constant>MAP_ANON</constant>
flag.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>offset</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Offset of the buffer in device memory. This must be the
same value as returned by the driver in the &v4l2-buffer;
<structfield>m</structfield> union <structfield>offset</structfield> field for
the single-planar API, and the same value as returned by the driver
in the &v4l2-plane; <structfield>m</structfield> union
<structfield>mem_offset</structfield> field for the multi-planar API.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The <function>mmap()</function> function asks to map
<parameter>length</parameter> bytes starting at
<parameter>offset</parameter> in the memory of the device specified by
<parameter>fd</parameter> into the application address space,
preferably at address <parameter>start</parameter>. This latter
address is a hint only, and is usually specified as 0.</para>
<para>Suitable length and offset parameters are queried with the
&VIDIOC-QUERYBUF; ioctl. Buffers must be allocated with the
&VIDIOC-REQBUFS; ioctl before they can be queried.</para>
<para>To unmap buffers the &func-munmap; function is used.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success <function>mmap()</function> returns a pointer to
the mapped buffer. On error <constant>MAP_FAILED</constant> (-1) is
returned, and the <varname>errno</varname> variable is set
appropriately. Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid file
descriptor.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EACCES</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is
not open for reading and writing.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>start</parameter> or
<parameter>length</parameter> or <parameter>offset</parameter> are not
suitable. (E.&nbsp;g. they are too large, or not aligned on a
<constant>PAGESIZE</constant> boundary.)</para>
<para>The <parameter>flags</parameter> or
<parameter>prot</parameter> value is not supported.</para>
<para>No buffers have been allocated with the
&VIDIOC-REQBUFS; ioctl.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENOMEM</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Not enough physical or virtual memory was available to
complete the request.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

76
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/func-munmap.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
<refentry id="func-munmap">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 munmap()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-munmap</refname>
<refpurpose>Unmap device memory</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/mman.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>munmap</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>start</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>size_t <parameter>length</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>start</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Address of the mapped buffer as returned by the
&func-mmap; function.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>length</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Length of the mapped buffer. This must be the same
value as given to <function>mmap()</function> and returned by the
driver in the &v4l2-buffer; <structfield>length</structfield>
field for the single-planar API and in the &v4l2-plane;
<structfield>length</structfield> field for the multi-planar API.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Unmaps a previously with the &func-mmap; function mapped
buffer and frees it, if possible. <!-- ? This function (not freeing)
has no impact on I/O in progress, specifically it does not imply
&VIDIOC-STREAMOFF; to terminate I/O. Unmapped buffers can still be
enqueued, dequeued or queried, they are just not accessible by the
application.--></para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success <function>munmap()</function> returns 0, on
failure -1 and the <varname>errno</varname> variable is set
appropriately:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>start</parameter> or
<parameter>length</parameter> is incorrect, or no buffers have been
mapped yet.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

113
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/func-open.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
<refentry id="func-open">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 open()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-open</refname>
<refpurpose>Open a V4L2 device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>open</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>const char *<parameter>device_name</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>device_name</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Device to be opened.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Open flags. Access mode must be
<constant>O_RDWR</constant>. This is just a technicality, input devices
still support only reading and output devices only writing.</para>
<para>When the <constant>O_NONBLOCK</constant> flag is
given, the read() function and the &VIDIOC-DQBUF; ioctl will return
the &EAGAIN; when no data is available or no buffer is in the driver
outgoing queue, otherwise these functions block until data becomes
available. All V4L2 drivers exchanging data with applications must
support the <constant>O_NONBLOCK</constant> flag.</para>
<para>Other flags have no effect.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>To open a V4L2 device applications call
<function>open()</function> with the desired device name. This
function has no side effects; all data format parameters, current
input or output, control values or other properties remain unchanged.
At the first <function>open()</function> call after loading the driver
they will be reset to default values, drivers are never in an
undefined state.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success <function>open</function> returns the new file
descriptor. On error -1 is returned, and the <varname>errno</varname>
variable is set appropriately. Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EACCES</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The caller has no permission to access the
device.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The driver does not support multiple opens and the
device is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENXIO</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>No device corresponding to this device special file
exists.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENOMEM</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Not enough kernel memory was available to complete the
request.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EMFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The process already has the maximum number of
files open.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The limit on the total number of files open on the
system has been reached.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

142
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/func-poll.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
<refentry id="func-poll">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 poll()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-poll</refname>
<refpurpose>Wait for some event on a file descriptor</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;sys/poll.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>poll</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>struct pollfd *<parameter>ufds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>unsigned int <parameter>nfds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>timeout</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>With the <function>poll()</function> function applications
can suspend execution until the driver has captured data or is ready
to accept data for output.</para>
<para>When streaming I/O has been negotiated this function waits
until a buffer has been filled by the capture device and can be dequeued
with the &VIDIOC-DQBUF; ioctl. For output devices this function waits
until the device is ready to accept a new buffer to be queued up with
the &VIDIOC-QBUF; ioctl for display. When buffers are already in the outgoing
queue of the driver (capture) or the incoming queue isn't full (display)
the function returns immediately.</para>
<para>On success <function>poll()</function> returns the number of
file descriptors that have been selected (that is, file descriptors
for which the <structfield>revents</structfield> field of the
respective <structname>pollfd</structname> structure is non-zero).
Capture devices set the <constant>POLLIN</constant> and
<constant>POLLRDNORM</constant> flags in the
<structfield>revents</structfield> field, output devices the
<constant>POLLOUT</constant> and <constant>POLLWRNORM</constant>
flags. When the function timed out it returns a value of zero, on
failure it returns <returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> and the
<varname>errno</varname> variable is set appropriately. When the
application did not call &VIDIOC-STREAMON; the
<function>poll()</function> function succeeds, but sets the
<constant>POLLERR</constant> flag in the
<structfield>revents</structfield> field. When the
application has called &VIDIOC-STREAMON; for a capture device but hasn't
yet called &VIDIOC-QBUF;, the <function>poll()</function> function
succeeds and sets the <constant>POLLERR</constant> flag in the
<structfield>revents</structfield> field. For output devices this
same situation will cause <function>poll()</function> to succeed
as well, but it sets the <constant>POLLOUT</constant> and
<constant>POLLWRNORM</constant> flags in the <structfield>revents</structfield>
field.</para>
<para>If an event occurred (see &VIDIOC-DQEVENT;) then
<constant>POLLPRI</constant> will be set in the <structfield>revents</structfield>
field and <function>poll()</function> will return.</para>
<para>When use of the <function>read()</function> function has
been negotiated and the driver does not capture yet, the
<function>poll</function> function starts capturing. When that fails
it returns a <constant>POLLERR</constant> as above. Otherwise it waits
until data has been captured and can be read. When the driver captures
continuously (as opposed to, for example, still images) the function
may return immediately.</para>
<para>When use of the <function>write()</function> function has
been negotiated and the driver does not stream yet, the
<function>poll</function> function starts streaming. When that fails
it returns a <constant>POLLERR</constant> as above. Otherwise it waits
until the driver is ready for a non-blocking
<function>write()</function> call.</para>
<para>If the caller is only interested in events (just
<constant>POLLPRI</constant> is set in the <structfield>events</structfield>
field), then <function>poll()</function> will <emphasis>not</emphasis>
start streaming if the driver does not stream yet. This makes it
possible to just poll for events and not for buffers.</para>
<para>All drivers implementing the <function>read()</function> or
<function>write()</function> function or streaming I/O must also
support the <function>poll()</function> function.</para>
<para>For more details see the
<function>poll()</function> manual page.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success, <function>poll()</function> returns the number
structures which have non-zero <structfield>revents</structfield>
fields, or zero if the call timed out. On error
<returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> is returned, and the
<varname>errno</varname> variable is set appropriately:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>One or more of the <parameter>ufds</parameter> members
specify an invalid file descriptor.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The driver does not support multiple read or write
streams and the device is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EFAULT</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>ufds</parameter> references an inaccessible
memory area.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINTR</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The call was interrupted by a signal.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>nfds</parameter> argument is greater
than <constant>OPEN_MAX</constant>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

181
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/func-read.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
<refentry id="func-read">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 read()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-read</refname>
<refpurpose>Read from a V4L2 device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>ssize_t <function>read</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>buf</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>size_t <parameter>count</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>buf</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>count</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para><function>read()</function> attempts to read up to
<parameter>count</parameter> bytes from file descriptor
<parameter>fd</parameter> into the buffer starting at
<parameter>buf</parameter>. The layout of the data in the buffer is
discussed in the respective device interface section, see ##. If <parameter>count</parameter> is zero,
<function>read()</function> returns zero and has no other results. If
<parameter>count</parameter> is greater than
<constant>SSIZE_MAX</constant>, the result is unspecified. Regardless
of the <parameter>count</parameter> value each
<function>read()</function> call will provide at most one frame (two
fields) worth of data.</para>
<para>By default <function>read()</function> blocks until data
becomes available. When the <constant>O_NONBLOCK</constant> flag was
given to the &func-open; function it
returns immediately with an &EAGAIN; when no data is available. The
&func-select; or &func-poll; functions
can always be used to suspend execution until data becomes available. All
drivers supporting the <function>read()</function> function must also
support <function>select()</function> and
<function>poll()</function>.</para>
<para>Drivers can implement read functionality in different
ways, using a single or multiple buffers and discarding the oldest or
newest frames once the internal buffers are filled.</para>
<para><function>read()</function> never returns a "snapshot" of a
buffer being filled. Using a single buffer the driver will stop
capturing when the application starts reading the buffer until the
read is finished. Thus only the period of the vertical blanking
interval is available for reading, or the capture rate must fall below
the nominal frame rate of the video standard.</para>
<para>The behavior of
<function>read()</function> when called during the active picture
period or the vertical blanking separating the top and bottom field
depends on the discarding policy. A driver discarding the oldest
frames keeps capturing into an internal buffer, continuously
overwriting the previously, not read frame, and returns the frame
being received at the time of the <function>read()</function> call as
soon as it is complete.</para>
<para>A driver discarding the newest frames stops capturing until
the next <function>read()</function> call. The frame being received at
<function>read()</function> time is discarded, returning the following
frame instead. Again this implies a reduction of the capture rate to
one half or less of the nominal frame rate. An example of this model
is the video read mode of the bttv driver, initiating a DMA to user
memory when <function>read()</function> is called and returning when
the DMA finished.</para>
<para>In the multiple buffer model drivers maintain a ring of
internal buffers, automatically advancing to the next free buffer.
This allows continuous capturing when the application can empty the
buffers fast enough. Again, the behavior when the driver runs out of
free buffers depends on the discarding policy.</para>
<para>Applications can get and set the number of buffers used
internally by the driver with the &VIDIOC-G-PARM; and &VIDIOC-S-PARM;
ioctls. They are optional, however. The discarding policy is not
reported and cannot be changed. For minimum requirements see <xref
linkend="devices" />.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success, the number of bytes read is returned. It is not
an error if this number is smaller than the number of bytes requested,
or the amount of data required for one frame. This may happen for
example because <function>read()</function> was interrupted by a
signal. On error, -1 is returned, and the <varname>errno</varname>
variable is set appropriately. In this case the next read will start
at the beginning of a new frame. Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EAGAIN</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Non-blocking I/O has been selected using
O_NONBLOCK and no data was immediately available for reading.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid file
descriptor or is not open for reading, or the process already has the
maximum number of files open.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The driver does not support multiple read streams and the
device is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EFAULT</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>buf</parameter> references an inaccessible
memory area.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINTR</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The call was interrupted by a signal before any
data was read.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EIO</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>I/O error. This indicates some hardware problem or a
failure to communicate with a remote device (USB camera etc.).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <function>read()</function> function is not
supported by this driver, not on this device, or generally not on this
type of device.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

130
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/func-select.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
<refentry id="func-select">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 select()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-select</refname>
<refpurpose>Synchronous I/O multiplexing</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>
#include &lt;sys/time.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>select</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>nfds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>fd_set *<parameter>readfds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>fd_set *<parameter>writefds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>fd_set *<parameter>exceptfds</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct timeval *<parameter>timeout</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>With the <function>select()</function> function applications
can suspend execution until the driver has captured data or is ready
to accept data for output.</para>
<para>When streaming I/O has been negotiated this function waits
until a buffer has been filled or displayed and can be dequeued with
the &VIDIOC-DQBUF; ioctl. When buffers are already in the outgoing
queue of the driver the function returns immediately.</para>
<para>On success <function>select()</function> returns the total
number of bits set in the <structname>fd_set</structname>s. When the
function timed out it returns a value of zero. On failure it returns
<returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> and the <varname>errno</varname>
variable is set appropriately. When the application did not call
&VIDIOC-QBUF; or &VIDIOC-STREAMON; yet the
<function>select()</function> function succeeds, setting the bit of
the file descriptor in <parameter>readfds</parameter> or
<parameter>writefds</parameter>, but subsequent &VIDIOC-DQBUF; calls
will fail.<footnote><para>The Linux kernel implements
<function>select()</function> like the &func-poll; function, but
<function>select()</function> cannot return a
<constant>POLLERR</constant>.</para>
</footnote></para>
<para>When use of the <function>read()</function> function has
been negotiated and the driver does not capture yet, the
<function>select()</function> function starts capturing. When that
fails, <function>select()</function> returns successful and a
subsequent <function>read()</function> call, which also attempts to
start capturing, will return an appropriate error code. When the
driver captures continuously (as opposed to, for example, still
images) and data is already available the
<function>select()</function> function returns immediately.</para>
<para>When use of the <function>write()</function> function has
been negotiated the <function>select()</function> function just waits
until the driver is ready for a non-blocking
<function>write()</function> call.</para>
<para>All drivers implementing the <function>read()</function> or
<function>write()</function> function or streaming I/O must also
support the <function>select()</function> function.</para>
<para>For more details see the <function>select()</function>
manual page.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success, <function>select()</function> returns the number
of descriptors contained in the three returned descriptor sets, which
will be zero if the timeout expired. On error
<returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> is returned, and the
<varname>errno</varname> variable is set appropriately; the sets and
<parameter>timeout</parameter> are undefined. Possible error codes
are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>One or more of the file descriptor sets specified a
file descriptor that is not open.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The driver does not support multiple read or write
streams and the device is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EFAULT</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>readfds</parameter>,
<parameter>writefds</parameter>, <parameter>exceptfds</parameter> or
<parameter>timeout</parameter> pointer references an inaccessible memory
area.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINTR</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The call was interrupted by a signal.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <parameter>nfds</parameter> argument is less than
zero or greater than <constant>FD_SETSIZE</constant>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

128
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/func-write.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
<refentry id="func-write">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2 write()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>v4l2-write</refname>
<refpurpose>Write to a V4L2 device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>ssize_t <function>write</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>buf</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>size_t <parameter>count</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>buf</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>count</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para><function>write()</function> writes up to
<parameter>count</parameter> bytes to the device referenced by the
file descriptor <parameter>fd</parameter> from the buffer starting at
<parameter>buf</parameter>. When the hardware outputs are not active
yet, this function enables them. When <parameter>count</parameter> is
zero, <function>write()</function> returns
<returnvalue>0</returnvalue> without any other effect.</para>
<para>When the application does not provide more data in time, the
previous video frame, raw VBI image, sliced VPS or WSS data is
displayed again. Sliced Teletext or Closed Caption data is not
repeated, the driver inserts a blank line instead.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success, the number of bytes written are returned. Zero
indicates nothing was written. On error, <returnvalue>-1</returnvalue>
is returned, and the <varname>errno</varname> variable is set
appropriately. In this case the next write will start at the beginning
of a new frame. Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EAGAIN</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Non-blocking I/O has been selected using the <link
linkend="func-open"><constant>O_NONBLOCK</constant></link> flag and no
buffer space was available to write the data immediately.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid file
descriptor or is not open for writing.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBUSY</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The driver does not support multiple write streams and the
device is already in use.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EFAULT</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>buf</parameter> references an inaccessible
memory area.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINTR</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The call was interrupted by a signal before any
data was written.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EIO</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>I/O error. This indicates some hardware problem.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The <function>write()</function> function is not
supported by this driver, not on this device, or generally not on this
type of device.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

77
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/gen-errors.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
<title>Generic Error Codes</title>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="gen-errors">
<title>Generic error codes</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<!-- Keep it ordered alphabetically -->
<row>
<entry>EAGAIN (aka EWOULDBLOCK)</entry>
<entry>The ioctl can't be handled because the device is in state where
it can't perform it. This could happen for example in case where
device is sleeping and ioctl is performed to query statistics.
It is also returned when the ioctl would need to wait
for an event, but the device was opened in non-blocking mode.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>EBADF</entry>
<entry>The file descriptor is not a valid.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>EBUSY</entry>
<entry>The ioctl can't be handled because the device is busy. This is
typically return while device is streaming, and an ioctl tried to
change something that would affect the stream, or would require the
usage of a hardware resource that was already allocated. The ioctl
must not be retried without performing another action to fix the
problem first (typically: stop the stream before retrying).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>EFAULT</entry>
<entry>There was a failure while copying data from/to userspace,
probably caused by an invalid pointer reference.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>EINVAL</entry>
<entry>One or more of the ioctl parameters are invalid or out of the
allowed range. This is a widely used error code. See the individual
ioctl requests for specific causes.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>ENODEV</entry>
<entry>Device not found or was removed.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>ENOMEM</entry>
<entry>There's not enough memory to handle the desired operation.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>ENOTTY</entry>
<entry>The ioctl is not supported by the driver, actually meaning that
the required functionality is not available, or the file
descriptor is not for a media device.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>ENOSPC</entry>
<entry>On USB devices, the stream ioctl's can return this error, meaning
that this request would overcommit the usb bandwidth reserved
for periodic transfers (up to 80% of the USB bandwidth).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>EPERM</entry>
<entry>Permission denied. Can be returned if the device needs write
permission, or some special capabilities is needed
(e. g. root)</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Note 1: ioctls may return other error codes. Since errors may have side
effects such as a driver reset, applications should abort on unexpected errors.
</para>
<para>Note 2: Request-specific error codes are listed in the individual
requests descriptions.</para>

1530
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/io.xml Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

172
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/keytable.c.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
<programlisting>
/* keytable.c - This program allows checking/replacing keys at IR
Copyright (C) 2006-2009 Mauro Carvalho Chehab &lt;mchehab@infradead.org&gt;
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, version 2 of the License.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
*/
#include &lt;ctype.h&gt;
#include &lt;errno.h&gt;
#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;linux/input.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;
#include "parse.h"
void prtcode (int *codes)
{
struct parse_key *p;
for (p=keynames;p-&gt;name!=NULL;p++) {
if (p-&gt;value == (unsigned)codes[1]) {
printf("scancode 0x%04x = %s (0x%02x)\n", codes[0], p-&gt;name, codes[1]);
return;
}
}
if (isprint (codes[1]))
printf("scancode %d = '%c' (0x%02x)\n", codes[0], codes[1], codes[1]);
else
printf("scancode %d = 0x%02x\n", codes[0], codes[1]);
}
int parse_code(char *string)
{
struct parse_key *p;
for (p=keynames;p-&gt;name!=NULL;p++) {
if (!strcasecmp(p-&gt;name, string)) {
return p-&gt;value;
}
}
return -1;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
int fd;
unsigned int i, j;
int codes[2];
if (argc&lt;2 || argc&gt;4) {
printf ("usage: %s &lt;device&gt; to get table; or\n"
" %s &lt;device&gt; &lt;scancode&gt; &lt;keycode&gt;\n"
" %s &lt;device&gt; &lt;keycode_file&gt;\n",*argv,*argv,*argv);
return -1;
}
if ((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) &lt; 0) {
perror("Couldn't open input device");
return(-1);
}
if (argc==4) {
int value;
value=parse_code(argv[3]);
if (value==-1) {
value = strtol(argv[3], NULL, 0);
if (errno)
perror("value");
}
codes [0] = (unsigned) strtol(argv[2], NULL, 0);
codes [1] = (unsigned) value;
if(ioctl(fd, EVIOCSKEYCODE, codes))
perror ("EVIOCSKEYCODE");
if(ioctl(fd, EVIOCGKEYCODE, codes)==0)
prtcode(codes);
return 0;
}
if (argc==3) {
FILE *fin;
int value;
char *scancode, *keycode, s[2048];
fin=fopen(argv[2],"r");
if (fin==NULL) {
perror ("opening keycode file");
return -1;
}
/* Clears old table */
for (j = 0; j &lt; 256; j++) {
for (i = 0; i &lt; 256; i++) {
codes[0] = (j &lt;&lt; 8) | i;
codes[1] = KEY_RESERVED;
ioctl(fd, EVIOCSKEYCODE, codes);
}
}
while (fgets(s,sizeof(s),fin)) {
scancode=strtok(s,"\n\t =:");
if (!scancode) {
perror ("parsing input file scancode");
return -1;
}
if (!strcasecmp(scancode, "scancode")) {
scancode = strtok(NULL,"\n\t =:");
if (!scancode) {
perror ("parsing input file scancode");
return -1;
}
}
keycode=strtok(NULL,"\n\t =:(");
if (!keycode) {
perror ("parsing input file keycode");
return -1;
}
// printf ("parsing %s=%s:", scancode, keycode);
value=parse_code(keycode);
// printf ("\tvalue=%d\n",value);
if (value==-1) {
value = strtol(keycode, NULL, 0);
if (errno)
perror("value");
}
codes [0] = (unsigned) strtol(scancode, NULL, 0);
codes [1] = (unsigned) value;
// printf("\t%04x=%04x\n",codes[0], codes[1]);
if(ioctl(fd, EVIOCSKEYCODE, codes)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Setting scancode 0x%04x with 0x%04x via ",codes[0], codes[1]);
perror ("EVIOCSKEYCODE");
}
if(ioctl(fd, EVIOCGKEYCODE, codes)==0)
prtcode(codes);
}
return 0;
}
/* Get scancode table */
for (j = 0; j &lt; 256; j++) {
for (i = 0; i &lt; 256; i++) {
codes[0] = (j &lt;&lt; 8) | i;
if (!ioctl(fd, EVIOCGKEYCODE, codes) &amp;&amp; codes[1] != KEY_RESERVED)
prtcode(codes);
}
}
return 0;
}
</programlisting>

160
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/libv4l.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
<title>Libv4l Userspace Library</title>
<section id="libv4l-introduction">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>libv4l is a collection of libraries which adds a thin abstraction
layer on top of video4linux2 devices. The purpose of this (thin) layer
is to make it easy for application writers to support a wide variety of
devices without having to write separate code for different devices in the
same class.</para>
<para>An example of using libv4l is provided by
<link linkend='v4l2grab-example'>v4l2grab</link>.
</para>
<para>libv4l consists of 3 different libraries:</para>
<section>
<title>libv4lconvert</title>
<para>libv4lconvert is a library that converts several
different pixelformats found in V4L2 drivers into a few common RGB and
YUY formats.</para>
<para>It currently accepts the following V4L2 driver formats:
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR24"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-HM12"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_HM12</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-JPEG"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-MJPEG"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-MR97310A"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_MR97310A</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-OV511"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_OV511</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-OV518"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_OV518</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-PAC207"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAC207</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-PJPG"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_PJPG</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB24"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SBGGR8"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SGBRG8"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG8</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SGRBG8"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG8</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SN9C10X"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C10X</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SN9C20X-I420"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C20X_I420</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA501"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA501</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA505"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA505</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA508"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA508</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SPCA561"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA561</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SQ905C"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SQ905C</constant></link>,
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB8</constant>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-UYVY"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUV420"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUYV"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YVU420"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420</constant></link>,
and <link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YVYU"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVYU</constant></link>.
</para>
<para>Later on libv4lconvert was expanded to also be able to do
various video processing functions to improve webcam video quality.
The video processing is split in to 2 parts: libv4lconvert/control and
libv4lconvert/processing.</para>
<para>The control part is used to offer video controls which can
be used to control the video processing functions made available by
libv4lconvert/processing. These controls are stored application wide
(until reboot) by using a persistent shared memory object.</para>
<para>libv4lconvert/processing offers the actual video
processing functionality.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>libv4l1</title>
<para>This library offers functions that can be used to quickly
make v4l1 applications work with v4l2 devices. These functions work exactly
like the normal open/close/etc, except that libv4l1 does full emulation of
the v4l1 api on top of v4l2 drivers, in case of v4l1 drivers it
will just pass calls through.</para>
<para>Since those functions are emulations of the old V4L1 API,
it shouldn't be used for new applications.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>libv4l2</title>
<para>This library should be used for all modern V4L2
applications.</para>
<para>It provides handles to call V4L2 open/ioctl/close/poll
methods. Instead of just providing the raw output of the device, it enhances
the calls in the sense that it will use libv4lconvert to provide more video
formats and to enhance the image quality.</para>
<para>In most cases, libv4l2 just passes the calls directly
through to the v4l2 driver, intercepting the calls to
<link linkend='vidioc-g-fmt'><constant>VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</constant></link>,
<link linkend='vidioc-g-fmt'><constant>VIDIOC_G_FMT</constant></link>
<link linkend='vidioc-g-fmt'><constant>VIDIOC_S_FMT</constant></link>
<link linkend='vidioc-enum-framesizes'><constant>VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES</constant></link>
and <link linkend='vidioc-enum-frameintervals'><constant>VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS</constant></link>
in order to emulate the formats
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR24"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB24"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24</constant></link>,
<link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUV420"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420</constant></link>,
and <link linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YVU420"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420</constant></link>,
if they aren't available in the driver.
<link linkend='vidioc-enum-fmt'><constant>VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT</constant></link>
keeps enumerating the hardware supported formats, plus the emulated formats
offered by libv4l at the end.
</para>
<section id="libv4l-ops">
<title>Libv4l device control functions</title>
<para>The common file operation methods are provided by
libv4l.</para>
<para>Those functions operate just like glibc
open/close/dup/ioctl/read/mmap/munmap:</para>
<itemizedlist><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_open(const char *file, int oflag,
...) -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-open'>open()</link> function.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_close(int fd) -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-close'>close()</link> function.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_dup(int fd) -
operates like the standard dup() function, duplicating a file handler.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_ioctl (int fd, unsigned long int request, ...) -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-ioctl'>ioctl()</link> function.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_read (int fd, void* buffer, size_t n) -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-read'>read()</link> function.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>void v4l2_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, int64_t offset); -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-mmap'>mmap()</link> function.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_munmap(void *_start, size_t length); -
operates like the standard <link linkend='func-munmap'>munmap()</link> function.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Those functions provide additional control:</para>
<itemizedlist><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_fd_open(int fd, int v4l2_flags) -
opens an already opened fd for further use through v4l2lib and possibly
modify libv4l2's default behavior through the v4l2_flags argument.
Currently, v4l2_flags can be <constant>V4L2_DISABLE_CONVERSION</constant>,
to disable format conversion.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_set_control(int fd, int cid, int value) -
This function takes a value of 0 - 65535, and then scales that range to
the actual range of the given v4l control id, and then if the cid exists
and is not locked sets the cid to the scaled value.
</para></listitem><listitem>
<para>int v4l2_get_control(int fd, int cid) -
This function returns a value of 0 - 65535, scaled to from the actual range
of the given v4l control id. when the cid does not exist, could not be
accessed for some reason, or some error occurred 0 is returned.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>v4l1compat.so wrapper library</title>
<para>This library intercepts calls to
open/close/ioctl/mmap/mmunmap operations and redirects them to the libv4l
counterparts, by using LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/v4l1compat.so. It also
emulates V4L1 calls via V4L2 API.</para>
<para>It allows usage of binary legacy applications that
still don't use libv4l.</para>
</section>
</section>

255
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/lirc_device_interface.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
<section id="lirc_dev">
<title>LIRC Device Interface</title>
<section id="lirc_dev_intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>The LIRC device interface is a bi-directional interface for
transporting raw IR data between userspace and kernelspace. Fundamentally,
it is just a chardev (/dev/lircX, for X = 0, 1, 2, ...), with a number
of standard struct file_operations defined on it. With respect to
transporting raw IR data to and fro, the essential fops are read, write
and ioctl.</para>
<para>Example dmesg output upon a driver registering w/LIRC:</para>
<blockquote>
<para>$ dmesg |grep lirc_dev</para>
<para>lirc_dev: IR Remote Control driver registered, major 248</para>
<para>rc rc0: lirc_dev: driver ir-lirc-codec (mceusb) registered at minor = 0</para>
</blockquote>
<para>What you should see for a chardev:</para>
<blockquote>
<para>$ ls -l /dev/lirc*</para>
<para>crw-rw---- 1 root root 248, 0 Jul 2 22:20 /dev/lirc0</para>
</blockquote>
</section>
<section id="lirc_read">
<title>LIRC read fop</title>
<para>The lircd userspace daemon reads raw IR data from the LIRC chardev. The
exact format of the data depends on what modes a driver supports, and what
mode has been selected. lircd obtains supported modes and sets the active mode
via the ioctl interface, detailed at <xref linkend="lirc_ioctl"/>. The generally
preferred mode is LIRC_MODE_MODE2, in which packets containing an int value
describing an IR signal are read from the chardev.</para>
<para>See also <ulink url="http://www.lirc.org/html/technical.html">http://www.lirc.org/html/technical.html</ulink> for more info.</para>
</section>
<section id="lirc_write">
<title>LIRC write fop</title>
<para>The data written to the chardev is a pulse/space sequence of integer
values. Pulses and spaces are only marked implicitly by their position. The
data must start and end with a pulse, therefore, the data must always include
an uneven number of samples. The write function must block until the data has
been transmitted by the hardware. If more data is provided than the hardware
can send, the driver returns EINVAL.</para>
</section>
<section id="lirc_ioctl">
<title>LIRC ioctl fop</title>
<para>The LIRC device's ioctl definition is bound by the ioctl function
definition of struct file_operations, leaving us with an unsigned int
for the ioctl command and an unsigned long for the arg. For the purposes
of ioctl portability across 32-bit and 64-bit, these values are capped
to their 32-bit sizes.</para>
<para>The following ioctls can be used to change specific hardware settings.
In general each driver should have a default set of settings. The driver
implementation is expected to re-apply the default settings when the device
is closed by user-space, so that every application opening the device can rely
on working with the default settings initially.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_FEATURES</term>
<listitem>
<para>Obviously, get the underlying hardware device's features. If a driver
does not announce support of certain features, calling of the corresponding
ioctls is undefined.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_SEND_MODE</term>
<listitem>
<para>Get supported transmit mode. Only LIRC_MODE_PULSE is supported by lircd.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_REC_MODE</term>
<listitem>
<para>Get supported receive modes. Only LIRC_MODE_MODE2 and LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE
are supported by lircd.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_SEND_CARRIER</term>
<listitem>
<para>Get carrier frequency (in Hz) currently used for transmit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_REC_CARRIER</term>
<listitem>
<para>Get carrier frequency (in Hz) currently used for IR reception.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_{G,S}ET_{SEND,REC}_DUTY_CYCLE</term>
<listitem>
<para>Get/set the duty cycle (from 0 to 100) of the carrier signal. Currently,
no special meaning is defined for 0 or 100, but this could be used to switch
off carrier generation in the future, so these values should be reserved.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_REC_RESOLUTION</term>
<listitem>
<para>Some receiver have maximum resolution which is defined by internal
sample rate or data format limitations. E.g. it's common that signals can
only be reported in 50 microsecond steps. This integer value is used by
lircd to automatically adjust the aeps tolerance value in the lircd
config file.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_M{IN,AX}_TIMEOUT</term>
<listitem>
<para>Some devices have internal timers that can be used to detect when
there's no IR activity for a long time. This can help lircd in detecting
that a IR signal is finished and can speed up the decoding process.
Returns an integer value with the minimum/maximum timeout that can be
set. Some devices have a fixed timeout, in that case both ioctls will
return the same value even though the timeout cannot be changed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_M{IN,AX}_FILTER_{PULSE,SPACE}</term>
<listitem>
<para>Some devices are able to filter out spikes in the incoming signal
using given filter rules. These ioctls return the hardware capabilities
that describe the bounds of the possible filters. Filter settings depend
on the IR protocols that are expected. lircd derives the settings from
all protocols definitions found in its config file.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_GET_LENGTH</term>
<listitem>
<para>Retrieves the code length in bits (only for LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE).
Reads on the device must be done in blocks matching the bit count.
The bit could should be rounded up so that it matches full bytes.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_{SEND,REC}_MODE</term>
<listitem>
<para>Set send/receive mode. Largely obsolete for send, as only
LIRC_MODE_PULSE is supported.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_{SEND,REC}_CARRIER</term>
<listitem>
<para>Set send/receive carrier (in Hz).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_TRANSMITTER_MASK</term>
<listitem>
<para>This enables the given set of transmitters. The first transmitter
is encoded by the least significant bit, etc. When an invalid bit mask
is given, i.e. a bit is set, even though the device does not have so many
transitters, then this ioctl returns the number of available transitters
and does nothing otherwise.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT</term>
<listitem>
<para>Sets the integer value for IR inactivity timeout (cf.
LIRC_GET_MIN_TIMEOUT and LIRC_GET_MAX_TIMEOUT). A value of 0 (if
supported by the hardware) disables all hardware timeouts and data should
be reported as soon as possible. If the exact value cannot be set, then
the next possible value _greater_ than the given value should be set.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT_REPORTS</term>
<listitem>
<para>Enable (1) or disable (0) timeout reports in LIRC_MODE_MODE2. By
default, timeout reports should be turned off.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_REC_FILTER_{,PULSE,SPACE}</term>
<listitem>
<para>Pulses/spaces shorter than this are filtered out by hardware. If
filters cannot be set independently for pulse/space, the corresponding
ioctls must return an error and LIRC_SET_REC_FILTER shall be used instead.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_MEASURE_CARRIER_MODE</term>
<listitem>
<para>Enable (1)/disable (0) measure mode. If enabled, from the next key
press on, the driver will send LIRC_MODE2_FREQUENCY packets. By default
this should be turned off.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_REC_{DUTY_CYCLE,CARRIER}_RANGE</term>
<listitem>
<para>To set a range use LIRC_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE_RANGE/LIRC_SET_REC_CARRIER_RANGE
with the lower bound first and later LIRC_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE/LIRC_SET_REC_CARRIER
with the upper bound.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_NOTIFY_DECODE</term>
<listitem>
<para>This ioctl is called by lircd whenever a successful decoding of an
incoming IR signal could be done. This can be used by supporting hardware
to give visual feedback to the user e.g. by flashing a LED.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SETUP_{START,END}</term>
<listitem>
<para>Setting of several driver parameters can be optimized by encapsulating
the according ioctl calls with LIRC_SETUP_START/LIRC_SETUP_END. When a
driver receives a LIRC_SETUP_START ioctl it can choose to not commit
further setting changes to the hardware until a LIRC_SETUP_END is received.
But this is open to the driver implementation and every driver must also
handle parameter changes which are not encapsulated by LIRC_SETUP_START
and LIRC_SETUP_END. Drivers can also choose to ignore these ioctls.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>LIRC_SET_WIDEBAND_RECEIVER</term>
<listitem>
<para>Some receivers are equipped with special wide band receiver which is intended
to be used to learn output of existing remote.
Calling that ioctl with (1) will enable it, and with (0) disable it.
This might be useful of receivers that have otherwise narrow band receiver
that prevents them to be used with some remotes.
Wide band receiver might also be more precise
On the other hand its disadvantage it usually reduced range of reception.
Note: wide band receiver might be implictly enabled if you enable
carrier reports. In that case it will be disabled as soon as you disable
carrier reports. Trying to disable wide band receiver while carrier
reports are active will do nothing.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<section id="lirc_dev_errors">
&return-value;
</section>
</section>
</section>

89
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/media-controller.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
<partinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Laurent</firstname>
<surname>Pinchart</surname>
<affiliation><address><email>laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com</email></address></affiliation>
<contrib>Initial version.</contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<copyright>
<year>2010</year>
<holder>Laurent Pinchart</holder>
</copyright>
<revhistory>
<!-- Put document revisions here, newest first. -->
<revision>
<revnumber>1.0.0</revnumber>
<date>2010-11-10</date>
<authorinitials>lp</authorinitials>
<revremark>Initial revision</revremark>
</revision>
</revhistory>
</partinfo>
<title>Media Controller API</title>
<chapter id="media_controller">
<title>Media Controller</title>
<section id="media-controller-intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>Media devices increasingly handle multiple related functions. Many USB
cameras include microphones, video capture hardware can also output video,
or SoC camera interfaces also perform memory-to-memory operations similar to
video codecs.</para>
<para>Independent functions, even when implemented in the same hardware, can
be modelled as separate devices. A USB camera with a microphone will be
presented to userspace applications as V4L2 and ALSA capture devices. The
devices' relationships (when using a webcam, end-users shouldn't have to
manually select the associated USB microphone), while not made available
directly to applications by the drivers, can usually be retrieved from
sysfs.</para>
<para>With more and more advanced SoC devices being introduced, the current
approach will not scale. Device topologies are getting increasingly complex
and can't always be represented by a tree structure. Hardware blocks are
shared between different functions, creating dependencies between seemingly
unrelated devices.</para>
<para>Kernel abstraction APIs such as V4L2 and ALSA provide means for
applications to access hardware parameters. As newer hardware expose an
increasingly high number of those parameters, drivers need to guess what
applications really require based on limited information, thereby
implementing policies that belong to userspace.</para>
<para>The media controller API aims at solving those problems.</para>
</section>
<section id="media-controller-model">
<title>Media device model</title>
<para>Discovering a device internal topology, and configuring it at runtime,
is one of the goals of the media controller API. To achieve this, hardware
devices are modelled as an oriented graph of building blocks called entities
connected through pads.</para>
<para>An entity is a basic media hardware or software building block. It can
correspond to a large variety of logical blocks such as physical hardware
devices (CMOS sensor for instance), logical hardware devices (a building
block in a System-on-Chip image processing pipeline), DMA channels or
physical connectors.</para>
<para>A pad is a connection endpoint through which an entity can interact
with other entities. Data (not restricted to video) produced by an entity
flows from the entity's output to one or more entity inputs. Pads should not
be confused with physical pins at chip boundaries.</para>
<para>A link is a point-to-point oriented connection between two pads,
either on the same entity or on different entities. Data flows from a source
pad to a sink pad.</para>
</section>
</chapter>
<appendix id="media-user-func">
<title>Function Reference</title>
<!-- Keep this alphabetically sorted. -->
&sub-media-func-open;
&sub-media-func-close;
&sub-media-func-ioctl;
<!-- All ioctls go here. -->
&sub-media-ioc-device-info;
&sub-media-ioc-enum-entities;
&sub-media-ioc-enum-links;
&sub-media-ioc-setup-link;
</appendix>

59
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/media-func-close.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
<refentry id="media-func-close">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>media close()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>media-close</refname>
<refpurpose>Close a media device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>close</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Closes the media device. Resources associated with the file descriptor
are freed. The device configuration remain unchanged.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para><function>close</function> returns 0 on success. On error, -1 is
returned, and <varname>errno</varname> is set appropriately. Possible error
codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EBADF</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para><parameter>fd</parameter> is not a valid open file descriptor.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

73
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/media-func-ioctl.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
<refentry id="media-func-ioctl">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>media ioctl()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>media-ioctl</refname>
<refpurpose>Control a media device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;sys/ioctl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>void *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>&fd;</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Media ioctl request code as defined in the media.h header file,
for example MEDIA_IOC_SETUP_LINK.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Pointer to a request-specific structure.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>The <function>ioctl()</function> function manipulates media device
parameters. The argument <parameter>fd</parameter> must be an open file
descriptor.</para>
<para>The ioctl <parameter>request</parameter> code specifies the media
function to be called. It has encoded in it whether the argument is an
input, output or read/write parameter, and the size of the argument
<parameter>argp</parameter> in bytes.</para>
<para>Macros and structures definitions specifying media ioctl requests and
their parameters are located in the media.h header file. All media ioctl
requests, their respective function and parameters are specified in
<xref linkend="media-user-func" />.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
<para>Request-specific error codes are listed in the
individual requests descriptions.</para>
<para>When an ioctl that takes an output or read/write parameter fails,
the parameter remains unmodified.</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

94
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/media-func-open.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
<refentry id="media-func-open">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>media open()</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>media-open</refname>
<refpurpose>Open a media device</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>open</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>const char *<parameter>device_name</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>device_name</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Device to be opened.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>flags</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>Open flags. Access mode must be either <constant>O_RDONLY</constant>
or <constant>O_RDWR</constant>. Other flags have no effect.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>To open a media device applications call <function>open()</function>
with the desired device name. The function has no side effects; the device
configuration remain unchanged.</para>
<para>When the device is opened in read-only mode, attemps to modify its
configuration will result in an error, and <varname>errno</varname> will be
set to <errorcode>EBADF</errorcode>.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para><function>open</function> returns the new file descriptor on success.
On error, -1 is returned, and <varname>errno</varname> is set appropriately.
Possible error codes are:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EACCES</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The requested access to the file is not allowed.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EMFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The process already has the maximum number of files open.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENFILE</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The system limit on the total number of open files has been
reached.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENOMEM</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>Insufficient kernel memory was available.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>ENXIO</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>No device corresponding to this device special file exists.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

132
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/media-ioc-device-info.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
<refentry id="media-ioc-device-info">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl MEDIA_IOC_DEVICE_INFO</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>MEDIA_IOC_DEVICE_INFO</refname>
<refpurpose>Query device information</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct media_device_info *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>File descriptor returned by
<link linkend='media-func-open'><function>open()</function></link>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>MEDIA_IOC_DEVICE_INFO</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>All media devices must support the <constant>MEDIA_IOC_DEVICE_INFO</constant>
ioctl. To query device information, applications call the ioctl with a
pointer to a &media-device-info;. The driver fills the structure and returns
the information to the application.
The ioctl never fails.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="media-device-info">
<title>struct <structname>media_device_info</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>char</entry>
<entry><structfield>driver</structfield>[16]</entry>
<entry><para>Name of the driver implementing the media API as a
NUL-terminated ASCII string. The driver version is stored in the
<structfield>driver_version</structfield> field.</para>
<para>Driver specific applications can use this information to
verify the driver identity. It is also useful to work around
known bugs, or to identify drivers in error reports.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>char</entry>
<entry><structfield>model</structfield>[32]</entry>
<entry>Device model name as a NUL-terminated UTF-8 string. The
device version is stored in the <structfield>device_version</structfield>
field and is not be appended to the model name.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>char</entry>
<entry><structfield>serial</structfield>[40]</entry>
<entry>Serial number as a NUL-terminated ASCII string.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>char</entry>
<entry><structfield>bus_info</structfield>[32]</entry>
<entry>Location of the device in the system as a NUL-terminated
ASCII string. This includes the bus type name (PCI, USB, ...) and a
bus-specific identifier.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>media_version</structfield></entry>
<entry>Media API version, formatted with the
<constant>KERNEL_VERSION()</constant> macro.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>hw_revision</structfield></entry>
<entry>Hardware device revision in a driver-specific format.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>media_version</structfield></entry>
<entry>Media device driver version, formatted with the
<constant>KERNEL_VERSION()</constant> macro. Together with the
<structfield>driver</structfield> field this identifies a particular
driver.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>reserved</structfield>[31]</entry>
<entry>Reserved for future extensions. Drivers and applications must
set this array to zero.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>The <structfield>serial</structfield> and <structfield>bus_info</structfield>
fields can be used to distinguish between multiple instances of otherwise
identical hardware. The serial number takes precedence when provided and can
be assumed to be unique. If the serial number is an empty string, the
<structfield>bus_info</structfield> field can be used instead. The
<structfield>bus_info</structfield> field is guaranteed to be unique, but
can vary across reboots or device unplug/replug.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
</refsect1>
</refentry>

318
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/media-ioc-enum-entities.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
<refentry id="media-ioc-enum-entities">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl MEDIA_IOC_ENUM_ENTITIES</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>MEDIA_IOC_ENUM_ENTITIES</refname>
<refpurpose>Enumerate entities and their properties</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct media_entity_desc *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>File descriptor returned by
<link linkend='media-func-open'><function>open()</function></link>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>MEDIA_IOC_ENUM_ENTITIES</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>To query the attributes of an entity, applications set the id field
of a &media-entity-desc; structure and call the MEDIA_IOC_ENUM_ENTITIES
ioctl with a pointer to this structure. The driver fills the rest of the
structure or returns an &EINVAL; when the id is invalid.</para>
<para>Entities can be enumerated by or'ing the id with the
<constant>MEDIA_ENT_ID_FLAG_NEXT</constant> flag. The driver will return
information about the entity with the smallest id strictly larger than the
requested one ('next entity'), or the &EINVAL; if there is none.</para>
<para>Entity IDs can be non-contiguous. Applications must
<emphasis>not</emphasis> try to enumerate entities by calling
MEDIA_IOC_ENUM_ENTITIES with increasing id's until they get an error.</para>
<para>Two or more entities that share a common non-zero
<structfield>group_id</structfield> value are considered as logically
grouped. Groups are used to report
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>ALSA, VBI and video nodes that carry the same media
stream</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>lens and flash controllers associated with a sensor</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="media-entity-desc">
<title>struct <structname>media_entity_desc</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="5">
<colspec colname="c1" />
<colspec colname="c2" />
<colspec colname="c3" />
<colspec colname="c4" />
<colspec colname="c5" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>id</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Entity id, set by the application. When the id is or'ed with
<constant>MEDIA_ENT_ID_FLAG_NEXT</constant>, the driver clears the
flag and returns the first entity with a larger id.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>char</entry>
<entry><structfield>name</structfield>[32]</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Entity name as an UTF-8 NULL-terminated string.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>type</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Entity type, see <xref linkend="media-entity-type" /> for details.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>revision</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Entity revision in a driver/hardware specific format.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>flags</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Entity flags, see <xref linkend="media-entity-flag" /> for details.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>group_id</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Entity group ID</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u16</entry>
<entry><structfield>pads</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Number of pads</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u16</entry>
<entry><structfield>links</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Total number of outbound links. Inbound links are not counted
in this field.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>union</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>struct</entry>
<entry><structfield>v4l</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Valid for V4L sub-devices and nodes only.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>major</structfield></entry>
<entry>V4L device node major number. For V4L sub-devices with no
device node, set by the driver to 0.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>minor</structfield></entry>
<entry>V4L device node minor number. For V4L sub-devices with no
device node, set by the driver to 0.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>struct</entry>
<entry><structfield>fb</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Valid for frame buffer nodes only.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>major</structfield></entry>
<entry>Frame buffer device node major number.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>minor</structfield></entry>
<entry>Frame buffer device node minor number.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>struct</entry>
<entry><structfield>alsa</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Valid for ALSA devices only.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>card</structfield></entry>
<entry>ALSA card number</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>device</structfield></entry>
<entry>ALSA device number</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>subdevice</structfield></entry>
<entry>ALSA sub-device number</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>int</entry>
<entry><structfield>dvb</structfield></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>DVB card number</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>__u8</entry>
<entry><structfield>raw</structfield>[180]</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="media-entity-type">
<title>Media entity types</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="c1"/>
<colspec colname="c2"/>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_ENT_T_DEVNODE</constant></entry>
<entry>Unknown device node</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_ENT_T_DEVNODE_V4L</constant></entry>
<entry>V4L video, radio or vbi device node</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_ENT_T_DEVNODE_FB</constant></entry>
<entry>Frame buffer device node</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_ENT_T_DEVNODE_ALSA</constant></entry>
<entry>ALSA card</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_ENT_T_DEVNODE_DVB</constant></entry>
<entry>DVB card</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_ENT_T_V4L2_SUBDEV</constant></entry>
<entry>Unknown V4L sub-device</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_ENT_T_V4L2_SUBDEV_SENSOR</constant></entry>
<entry>Video sensor</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_ENT_T_V4L2_SUBDEV_FLASH</constant></entry>
<entry>Flash controller</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_ENT_T_V4L2_SUBDEV_LENS</constant></entry>
<entry>Lens controller</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_ENT_T_V4L2_SUBDEV_DECODER</constant></entry>
<entry>Video decoder, the basic function of the video decoder is to
accept analogue video from a wide variety of sources such as
broadcast, DVD players, cameras and video cassette recorders, in
either NTSC, PAL or HD format and still occasionally SECAM, separate
it into its component parts, luminance and chrominance, and output
it in some digital video standard, with appropriate embedded timing
signals.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="media-entity-flag">
<title>Media entity flags</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="c1"/>
<colspec colname="c2"/>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_ENT_FL_DEFAULT</constant></entry>
<entry>Default entity for its type. Used to discover the default
audio, VBI and video devices, the default camera sensor, ...</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The &media-entity-desc; <structfield>id</structfield> references
a non-existing entity.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

216
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/media-ioc-enum-links.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
<refentry id="media-ioc-enum-links">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl MEDIA_IOC_ENUM_LINKS</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>MEDIA_IOC_ENUM_LINKS</refname>
<refpurpose>Enumerate all pads and links for a given entity</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct media_links_enum *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>File descriptor returned by
<link linkend='media-func-open'><function>open()</function></link>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>MEDIA_IOC_ENUM_LINKS</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>To enumerate pads and/or links for a given entity, applications set
the entity field of a &media-links-enum; structure and initialize the
&media-pad-desc; and &media-link-desc; structure arrays pointed by the
<structfield>pads</structfield> and <structfield>links</structfield> fields.
They then call the MEDIA_IOC_ENUM_LINKS ioctl with a pointer to this
structure.</para>
<para>If the <structfield>pads</structfield> field is not NULL, the driver
fills the <structfield>pads</structfield> array with information about the
entity's pads. The array must have enough room to store all the entity's
pads. The number of pads can be retrieved with the &MEDIA-IOC-ENUM-ENTITIES;
ioctl.</para>
<para>If the <structfield>links</structfield> field is not NULL, the driver
fills the <structfield>links</structfield> array with information about the
entity's outbound links. The array must have enough room to store all the
entity's outbound links. The number of outbound links can be retrieved with
the &MEDIA-IOC-ENUM-ENTITIES; ioctl.</para>
<para>Only forward links that originate at one of the entity's source pads
are returned during the enumeration process.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="media-links-enum">
<title>struct <structname>media_links_enum</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>entity</structfield></entry>
<entry>Entity id, set by the application.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&media-pad-desc;</entry>
<entry>*<structfield>pads</structfield></entry>
<entry>Pointer to a pads array allocated by the application. Ignored
if NULL.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&media-link-desc;</entry>
<entry>*<structfield>links</structfield></entry>
<entry>Pointer to a links array allocated by the application. Ignored
if NULL.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="media-pad-desc">
<title>struct <structname>media_pad_desc</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>entity</structfield></entry>
<entry>ID of the entity this pad belongs to.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u16</entry>
<entry><structfield>index</structfield></entry>
<entry>0-based pad index.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>flags</structfield></entry>
<entry>Pad flags, see <xref linkend="media-pad-flag" /> for more details.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="media-pad-flag">
<title>Media pad flags</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="c1"/>
<colspec colname="c2"/>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_PAD_FL_SINK</constant></entry>
<entry>Input pad, relative to the entity. Input pads sink data and
are targets of links.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_PAD_FL_SOURCE</constant></entry>
<entry>Output pad, relative to the entity. Output pads source data
and are origins of links.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_PAD_FL_MUST_CONNECT</constant></entry>
<entry>If this flag is set and the pad is linked to any other
pad, then at least one of those links must be enabled for the
entity to be able to stream. There could be temporary reasons
(e.g. device configuration dependent) for the pad to need
enabled links even when this flag isn't set; the absence of the
flag doesn't imply there is none.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="media-link-desc">
<title>struct <structname>media_link_desc</structname></title>
<tgroup cols="3">
&cs-str;
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>&media-pad-desc;</entry>
<entry><structfield>source</structfield></entry>
<entry>Pad at the origin of this link.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&media-pad-desc;</entry>
<entry><structfield>sink</structfield></entry>
<entry>Pad at the target of this link.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>__u32</entry>
<entry><structfield>flags</structfield></entry>
<entry>Link flags, see <xref linkend="media-link-flag" /> for more details.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<table frame="none" pgwide="1" id="media-link-flag">
<title>Media link flags</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="c1"/>
<colspec colname="c2"/>
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_LNK_FL_ENABLED</constant></entry>
<entry>The link is enabled and can be used to transfer media data.
When two or more links target a sink pad, only one of them can be
enabled at a time.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_LNK_FL_IMMUTABLE</constant></entry>
<entry>The link enabled state can't be modified at runtime. An
immutable link is always enabled.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><constant>MEDIA_LNK_FL_DYNAMIC</constant></entry>
<entry>The link enabled state can be modified during streaming. This
flag is set by drivers and is read-only for applications.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>One and only one of <constant>MEDIA_PAD_FL_SINK</constant> and
<constant>MEDIA_PAD_FL_SOURCE</constant> must be set for every pad.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The &media-links-enum; <structfield>id</structfield> references
a non-existing entity.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

84
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/media-ioc-setup-link.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
<refentry id="media-ioc-setup-link">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>ioctl MEDIA_IOC_SETUP_LINK</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>MEDIA_IOC_SETUP_LINK</refname>
<refpurpose>Modify the properties of a link</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>ioctl</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>int <parameter>request</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>struct media_link_desc *<parameter>argp</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>fd</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>File descriptor returned by
<link linkend='media-func-open'><function>open()</function></link>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>request</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>MEDIA_IOC_SETUP_LINK</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>argp</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>To change link properties applications fill a &media-link-desc; with
link identification information (source and sink pad) and the new requested
link flags. They then call the MEDIA_IOC_SETUP_LINK ioctl with a pointer to
that structure.</para>
<para>The only configurable property is the <constant>ENABLED</constant>
link flag to enable/disable a link. Links marked with the
<constant>IMMUTABLE</constant> link flag can not be enabled or disabled.
</para>
<para>Link configuration has no side effect on other links. If an enabled
link at the sink pad prevents the link from being enabled, the driver
returns with an &EBUSY;.</para>
<para>Only links marked with the <constant>DYNAMIC</constant> link flag can
be enabled/disabled while streaming media data. Attempting to enable or
disable a streaming non-dynamic link will return an &EBUSY;.</para>
<para>If the specified link can't be found the driver returns with an
&EINVAL;.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
&return-value;
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><errorcode>EINVAL</errorcode></term>
<listitem>
<para>The &media-link-desc; references a non-existing link, or the
link is immutable and an attempt to modify its configuration was made.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

BIN
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pipeline.pdf Normal file
View file

Binary file not shown.

62
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-grey.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
<refentry id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-GREY">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY ('GREY')</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY</constant></refname>
<refpurpose>Grey-scale image</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This is a grey-scale image. It is really a degenerate
Y'CbCr format which simply contains no Cb or Cr data.</para>
<example>
<title><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY</constant> 4 &times; 4
pixel image</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Byte Order.</title>
<para>Each cell is one byte.
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="5" align="center">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="2*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;4:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;8:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;12:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
</example>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

139
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-m420.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
<refentry id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-M420">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2_PIX_FMT_M420 ('M420')</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_M420</constant></refname>
<refpurpose>Format with &frac12; horizontal and vertical chroma
resolution, also known as YUV 4:2:0. Hybrid plane line-interleaved
layout.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>M420 is a YUV format with &frac12; horizontal and vertical chroma
subsampling (YUV 4:2:0). Pixels are organized as interleaved luma and
chroma planes. Two lines of luma data are followed by one line of chroma
data.</para>
<para>The luma plane has one byte per pixel. The chroma plane contains
interleaved CbCr pixels subsampled by &frac12; in the horizontal and
vertical directions. Each CbCr pair belongs to four pixels. For example,
Cb<subscript>0</subscript>/Cr<subscript>0</subscript> belongs to
Y'<subscript>00</subscript>, Y'<subscript>01</subscript>,
Y'<subscript>10</subscript>, Y'<subscript>11</subscript>.</para>
<para>All line lengths are identical: if the Y lines include pad bytes
so do the CbCr lines.</para>
<example>
<title><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_M420</constant> 4 &times; 4
pixel image</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Byte Order.</title>
<para>Each cell is one byte.
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="5" align="center">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="2*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;4:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;8:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;16:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;20:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;24:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title>Color Sample Location.</title>
<para>
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="7" align="center">
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>0</entry><entry></entry><entry>1</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>2</entry><entry></entry><entry>3</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
</example>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

143
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-nv12.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
<refentry>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12 ('NV12'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21 ('NV21')</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV12"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12</constant></refname>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV21"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21</constant></refname>
<refpurpose>Formats with &frac12; horizontal and vertical
chroma resolution, also known as YUV 4:2:0. One luminance and one
chrominance plane with alternating chroma samples as opposed to
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420</constant></refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>These are two-plane versions of the YUV 4:2:0 format.
The three components are separated into two sub-images or planes. The
Y plane is first. The Y plane has one byte per pixel. For
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12</constant>, a combined CbCr plane
immediately follows the Y plane in memory. The CbCr plane is the same
width, in bytes, as the Y plane (and of the image), but is half as
tall in pixels. Each CbCr pair belongs to four pixels. For example,
Cb<subscript>0</subscript>/Cr<subscript>0</subscript> belongs to
Y'<subscript>00</subscript>, Y'<subscript>01</subscript>,
Y'<subscript>10</subscript>, Y'<subscript>11</subscript>.
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21</constant> is the same except the Cb and
Cr bytes are swapped, the CrCb plane starts with a Cr byte.</para>
<para>If the Y plane has pad bytes after each row, then the
CbCr plane has as many pad bytes after its rows.</para>
<example>
<title><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12</constant> 4 &times; 4
pixel image</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Byte Order.</title>
<para>Each cell is one byte.
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="5" align="center">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="2*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;4:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;8:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;12:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;16:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;20:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title>Color Sample Location.</title>
<para>
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="7" align="center">
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>0</entry><entry></entry><entry>1</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>2</entry><entry></entry><entry>3</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
</example>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

153
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-nv12m.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
<refentry>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M ('NM12'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21M ('NM21'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT_16X16</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV12M"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M</constant></refname>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV21M"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21M</constant></refname>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV12MT-16X16"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT_16X16</constant></refname>
<refpurpose>Variation of <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12</constant> and <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21</constant> with planes
non contiguous in memory. </refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This is a multi-planar, two-plane version of the YUV 4:2:0 format.
The three components are separated into two sub-images or planes.
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M</constant> differs from <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12
</constant> in that the two planes are non-contiguous in memory, i.e. the chroma
plane do not necessarily immediately follows the luma plane.
The luminance data occupies the first plane. The Y plane has one byte per pixel.
In the second plane there is a chrominance data with alternating chroma samples.
The CbCr plane is the same width, in bytes, as the Y plane (and of the image),
but is half as tall in pixels. Each CbCr pair belongs to four pixels. For example,
Cb<subscript>0</subscript>/Cr<subscript>0</subscript> belongs to
Y'<subscript>00</subscript>, Y'<subscript>01</subscript>,
Y'<subscript>10</subscript>, Y'<subscript>11</subscript>.
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT_16X16</constant> is the tiled version of
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M</constant> with 16x16 macroblock tiles. Here pixels
are arranged in 16x16 2D tiles and tiles are arranged in linear order in memory.
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21M</constant> is the same as <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M</constant>
except the Cb and Cr bytes are swapped, the CrCb plane starts with a Cr byte.</para>
<para><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M</constant> is intended to be
used only in drivers and applications that support the multi-planar API,
described in <xref linkend="planar-apis"/>. </para>
<para>If the Y plane has pad bytes after each row, then the
CbCr plane has as many pad bytes after its rows.</para>
<example>
<title><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M</constant> 4 &times; 4 pixel image</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Byte Order.</title>
<para>Each cell is one byte.
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="5" align="center">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="2*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>start0&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start0&nbsp;+&nbsp;4:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start0&nbsp;+&nbsp;8:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start0&nbsp;+&nbsp;12:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start1&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start1&nbsp;+&nbsp;4:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title>Color Sample Location.</title>
<para>
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="7" align="center">
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>0</entry><entry></entry><entry>1</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>2</entry><entry></entry><entry>3</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
</example>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

66
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-nv12mt.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
<refentry>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT ('TM12')</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV12MT"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT
</constant></refname>
<refpurpose>Formats with &frac12; horizontal and vertical
chroma resolution. This format has two planes - one for luminance and one for
chrominance. Chroma samples are interleaved. The difference to
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12</constant> is the memory layout. Pixels are
grouped in macroblocks of 64x32 size. The order of macroblocks in memory is
also not standard.
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This is the two-plane versions of the YUV 4:2:0 format where data
is grouped into 64x32 macroblocks. The three components are separated into two
sub-images or planes. The Y plane has one byte per pixel and pixels are grouped
into 64x32 macroblocks. The CbCr plane has the same width, in bytes, as the Y
plane (and the image), but is half as tall in pixels. The chroma plane is also
grouped into 64x32 macroblocks.</para>
<para>Width of the buffer has to be aligned to the multiple of 128, and
height alignment is 32. Every four adjacent buffers - two horizontally and two
vertically are grouped together and are located in memory in Z or flipped Z
order. </para>
<para>Layout of macroblocks in memory is presented in the following
figure.</para>
<para><figure id="nv12mt">
<title><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT</constant> macroblock Z shape
memory layout</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="nv12mt.gif" format="GIF" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
The requirement that width is multiple of 128 is implemented because,
the Z shape cannot be cut in half horizontally. In case the vertical resolution
of macroblocks is odd then the last row of macroblocks is arranged in a linear
order. </para>
<para>In case of chroma the layout is identical. Cb and Cr samples are
interleaved. Height of the buffer is aligned to 32.
</para>
<example>
<title>Memory layout of macroblocks in <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12
</constant> format pixel image - extreme case</title>
<para>
<figure id="nv12mt_ex">
<title>Example <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT</constant> memory
layout of macroblocks</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="nv12mt_example.gif" format="GIF" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
Memory layout of macroblocks of <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT
</constant> format in most extreme case.
</para>
</example>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

166
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-nv16.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
<refentry>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16 ('NV16'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61 ('NV61')</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV16"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16</constant></refname>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV61"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61</constant></refname>
<refpurpose>Formats with &frac12; horizontal
chroma resolution, also known as YUV 4:2:2. One luminance and one
chrominance plane with alternating chroma samples as opposed to
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420</constant></refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>These are two-plane versions of the YUV 4:2:2 format.
The three components are separated into two sub-images or planes. The
Y plane is first. The Y plane has one byte per pixel. For
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16</constant>, a combined CbCr plane
immediately follows the Y plane in memory. The CbCr plane is the same
width and height, in bytes, as the Y plane (and of the image).
Each CbCr pair belongs to two pixels. For example,
Cb<subscript>0</subscript>/Cr<subscript>0</subscript> belongs to
Y'<subscript>00</subscript>, Y'<subscript>01</subscript>.
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61</constant> is the same except the Cb and
Cr bytes are swapped, the CrCb plane starts with a Cr byte.</para>
<para>If the Y plane has pad bytes after each row, then the
CbCr plane has as many pad bytes after its rows.</para>
<example>
<title><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16</constant> 4 &times; 4
pixel image</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Byte Order.</title>
<para>Each cell is one byte.
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="5" align="center">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="2*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;4:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;8:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;12:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;16:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;20:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;24:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;28:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title>Color Sample Location.</title>
<para>
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="7" align="center">
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>0</entry><entry></entry><entry>1</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>2</entry><entry></entry><entry>3</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
</example>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

170
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-nv16m.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
<refentry>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16M ('NM16'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61M ('NM61')</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV16M"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16M</constant></refname>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV61M"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61M</constant></refname>
<refpurpose>Variation of <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16</constant> and <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61</constant> with planes
non contiguous in memory. </refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This is a multi-planar, two-plane version of the YUV 4:2:2 format.
The three components are separated into two sub-images or planes.
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16M</constant> differs from <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16
</constant> in that the two planes are non-contiguous in memory, i.e. the chroma
plane does not necessarily immediately follow the luma plane.
The luminance data occupies the first plane. The Y plane has one byte per pixel.
In the second plane there is chrominance data with alternating chroma samples.
The CbCr plane is the same width and height, in bytes, as the Y plane.
Each CbCr pair belongs to two pixels. For example,
Cb<subscript>0</subscript>/Cr<subscript>0</subscript> belongs to
Y'<subscript>00</subscript>, Y'<subscript>01</subscript>.
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61M</constant> is the same as <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16M</constant>
except the Cb and Cr bytes are swapped, the CrCb plane starts with a Cr byte.</para>
<para><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16M</constant> and
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61M</constant> are intended to be used only in drivers
and applications that support the multi-planar API, described in
<xref linkend="planar-apis"/>. </para>
<example>
<title><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16M</constant> 4 &times; 4 pixel image</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Byte Order.</title>
<para>Each cell is one byte.
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="5" align="center">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="2*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>start0&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start0&nbsp;+&nbsp;4:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start0&nbsp;+&nbsp;8:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start0&nbsp;+&nbsp;12:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start1&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start1&nbsp;+&nbsp;4:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start1&nbsp;+&nbsp;8:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start1&nbsp;+&nbsp;12:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title>Color Sample Location.</title>
<para>
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="7" align="center">
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry>0</entry><entry></entry><entry>1</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>2</entry><entry></entry><entry>3</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry><entry></entry>
<entry>Y</entry><entry></entry><entry>Y</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry>
<entry></entry><entry>C</entry><entry></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
</example>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

121
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-nv24.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
<refentry>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV24 ('NV24'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV42 ('NV42')</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV24"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV24</constant></refname>
<refname id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-NV42"><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV42</constant></refname>
<refpurpose>Formats with full horizontal and vertical
chroma resolutions, also known as YUV 4:4:4. One luminance and one
chrominance plane with alternating chroma samples as opposed to
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420</constant></refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>These are two-plane versions of the YUV 4:4:4 format. The three
components are separated into two sub-images or planes. The Y plane is
first, with each Y sample stored in one byte per pixel. For
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV24</constant>, a combined CbCr plane
immediately follows the Y plane in memory. The CbCr plane has the same
width and height, in pixels, as the Y plane (and the image). Each line
contains one CbCr pair per pixel, with each Cb and Cr sample stored in
one byte. <constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV42</constant> is the same except that
the Cb and Cr samples are swapped, the CrCb plane starts with a Cr
sample.</para>
<para>If the Y plane has pad bytes after each row, then the CbCr plane
has twice as many pad bytes after its rows.</para>
<example>
<title><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV24</constant> 4 &times; 4
pixel image</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Byte Order.</title>
<para>Each cell is one byte.
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="9" align="center">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="2*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;4:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;8:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;12:</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;16:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;24:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;32:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;40:</entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
</example>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

936
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-packed-rgb.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,936 @@
<refentry id="packed-rgb">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>Packed RGB formats</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>Packed RGB formats</refname>
<refpurpose>Packed RGB formats</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>These formats are designed to match the pixel formats of
typical PC graphics frame buffers. They occupy 8, 16, 24 or 32 bits
per pixel. These are all packed-pixel formats, meaning all the data
for a pixel lie next to each other in memory.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="rgb-formats">
<title>Packed RGB Image Formats</title>
<tgroup cols="37" align="center">
<colspec colname="id" align="left" />
<colspec colname="fourcc" />
<colspec colname="bit" />
<colspec colnum="4" colname="b07" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="5" colname="b06" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="6" colname="b05" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="7" colname="b04" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="8" colname="b03" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="9" colname="b02" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="10" colname="b01" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="11" colname="b00" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="13" colname="b17" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="14" colname="b16" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="15" colname="b15" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="16" colname="b14" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="17" colname="b13" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="18" colname="b12" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="19" colname="b11" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="20" colname="b10" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="22" colname="b27" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="23" colname="b26" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="24" colname="b25" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="25" colname="b24" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="26" colname="b23" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="27" colname="b22" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="28" colname="b21" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="29" colname="b20" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="31" colname="b37" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="32" colname="b36" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="33" colname="b35" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="34" colname="b34" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="35" colname="b33" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="36" colname="b32" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="37" colname="b31" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="38" colname="b30" align="center" />
<spanspec namest="b07" nameend="b00" spanname="b0" />
<spanspec namest="b17" nameend="b10" spanname="b1" />
<spanspec namest="b27" nameend="b20" spanname="b2" />
<spanspec namest="b37" nameend="b30" spanname="b3" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Identifier</entry>
<entry>Code</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry spanname="b0">Byte&nbsp;0 in memory</entry>
<entry spanname="b1">Byte&nbsp;1</entry>
<entry spanname="b2">Byte&nbsp;2</entry>
<entry spanname="b3">Byte&nbsp;3</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>Bit</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB332">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB332</constant></entry>
<entry>'RGB1'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-ARGB444">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_ARGB444</constant></entry>
<entry>'AR12'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-XRGB444">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_XRGB444</constant></entry>
<entry>'XR12'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-ARGB555">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_ARGB555</constant></entry>
<entry>'AR15'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a</entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-XRGB555">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_XRGB555</constant></entry>
<entry>'XR15'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB565">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565</constant></entry>
<entry>'RGBP'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-ARGB555X">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_ARGB555X</constant></entry>
<entry>'AR15' | (1 &lt;&lt; 31)</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a</entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-XRGB555X">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_XRGB555X</constant></entry>
<entry>'XR15' | (1 &lt;&lt; 31)</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB565X">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB565X</constant></entry>
<entry>'RGBR'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR666">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR666</constant></entry>
<entry>'BGRH'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR24">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant></entry>
<entry>'BGR3'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB24">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24</constant></entry>
<entry>'RGB3'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-ABGR32">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_ABGR32</constant></entry>
<entry>'AR24'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-XBGR32">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_XBGR32</constant></entry>
<entry>'XR24'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-ARGB32">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_ARGB32</constant></entry>
<entry>'BA24'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-XRGB32">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_XRGB32</constant></entry>
<entry>'BX24'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Bit 7 is the most significant bit.</para>
<para>The usage and value of the alpha bits (a) in the ARGB and ABGR formats
(collectively referred to as alpha formats) depend on the device type and
hardware operation. <link linkend="capture">Capture</link> devices
(including capture queues of mem-to-mem devices) fill the alpha component in
memory. When the device outputs an alpha channel the alpha component will
have a meaningful value. Otherwise, when the device doesn't output an alpha
channel but can set the alpha bit to a user-configurable value, the <link
linkend="v4l2-alpha-component"><constant>V4L2_CID_ALPHA_COMPONENT</constant>
</link> control is used to specify that alpha value, and the alpha component
of all pixels will be set to the value specified by that control. Otherwise
a corresponding format without an alpha component (XRGB or XBGR) must be
used instead of an alpha format.</para>
<para><link linkend="output">Output</link> devices (including output queues
of mem-to-mem devices and <link linkend="osd">video output overlay</link>
devices) read the alpha component from memory. When the device processes the
alpha channel the alpha component must be filled with meaningful values by
applications. Otherwise a corresponding format without an alpha component
(XRGB or XBGR) must be used instead of an alpha format.</para>
<para>The XRGB and XBGR formats contain undefined bits (-). Applications,
devices and drivers must ignore those bits, for both <link
linkend="capture">capture</link> and <link linkend="output">output</link>
devices.</para>
<example>
<title><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</constant> 4 &times; 4 pixel
image</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Byte Order.</title>
<para>Each cell is one byte.
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="13" align="center">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="2*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>B<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;12:</entry>
<entry>B<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;24:</entry>
<entry>B<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;36:</entry>
<entry>B<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
</example>
<para>Formats defined in <xref linkend="rgb-formats-deprecated"/> are
deprecated and must not be used by new drivers. They are documented here for
reference. The meaning of their alpha bits (a) is ill-defined and
interpreted as in either the corresponding ARGB or XRGB format, depending on
the driver.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="rgb-formats-deprecated">
<title>Deprecated Packed RGB Image Formats</title>
<tgroup cols="37" align="center">
<colspec colname="id" align="left" />
<colspec colname="fourcc" />
<colspec colname="bit" />
<colspec colnum="4" colname="b07" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="5" colname="b06" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="6" colname="b05" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="7" colname="b04" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="8" colname="b03" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="9" colname="b02" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="10" colname="b01" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="11" colname="b00" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="13" colname="b17" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="14" colname="b16" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="15" colname="b15" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="16" colname="b14" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="17" colname="b13" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="18" colname="b12" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="19" colname="b11" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="20" colname="b10" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="22" colname="b27" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="23" colname="b26" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="24" colname="b25" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="25" colname="b24" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="26" colname="b23" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="27" colname="b22" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="28" colname="b21" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="29" colname="b20" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="31" colname="b37" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="32" colname="b36" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="33" colname="b35" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="34" colname="b34" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="35" colname="b33" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="36" colname="b32" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="37" colname="b31" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="38" colname="b30" align="center" />
<spanspec namest="b07" nameend="b00" spanname="b0" />
<spanspec namest="b17" nameend="b10" spanname="b1" />
<spanspec namest="b27" nameend="b20" spanname="b2" />
<spanspec namest="b37" nameend="b30" spanname="b3" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Identifier</entry>
<entry>Code</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry spanname="b0">Byte&nbsp;0 in memory</entry>
<entry spanname="b1">Byte&nbsp;1</entry>
<entry spanname="b2">Byte&nbsp;2</entry>
<entry spanname="b3">Byte&nbsp;3</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>Bit</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB444">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB444</constant></entry>
<entry>'R444'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB555">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB555</constant></entry>
<entry>'RGBO'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a</entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB555X">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB555X</constant></entry>
<entry>'RGBQ'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a</entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-BGR32">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR32</constant></entry>
<entry>'BGR4'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-RGB32">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB32</constant></entry>
<entry>'RGB4'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>r<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>g<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>b<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>A test utility to determine which RGB formats a driver
actually supports is available from the LinuxTV v4l-dvb repository.
See &v4l-dvb; for access instructions.</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

236
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-packed-yuv.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
<refentry id="packed-yuv">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>Packed YUV formats</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>Packed YUV formats</refname>
<refpurpose>Packed YUV formats</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Similar to the packed RGB formats these formats store
the Y, Cb and Cr component of each pixel in one 16 or 32 bit
word.</para>
<table pgwide="1" frame="none">
<title>Packed YUV Image Formats</title>
<tgroup cols="37" align="center">
<colspec colname="id" align="left" />
<colspec colname="fourcc" />
<colspec colname="bit" />
<colspec colnum="4" colname="b07" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="5" colname="b06" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="6" colname="b05" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="7" colname="b04" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="8" colname="b03" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="9" colname="b02" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="10" colname="b01" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="11" colname="b00" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="13" colname="b17" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="14" colname="b16" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="15" colname="b15" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="16" colname="b14" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="17" colname="b13" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="18" colname="b12" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="19" colname="b11" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="20" colname="b10" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="22" colname="b27" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="23" colname="b26" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="24" colname="b25" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="25" colname="b24" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="26" colname="b23" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="27" colname="b22" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="28" colname="b21" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="29" colname="b20" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="31" colname="b37" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="32" colname="b36" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="33" colname="b35" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="34" colname="b34" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="35" colname="b33" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="36" colname="b32" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="37" colname="b31" align="center" />
<colspec colnum="38" colname="b30" align="center" />
<spanspec namest="b07" nameend="b00" spanname="b0" />
<spanspec namest="b17" nameend="b10" spanname="b1" />
<spanspec namest="b27" nameend="b20" spanname="b2" />
<spanspec namest="b37" nameend="b30" spanname="b3" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Identifier</entry>
<entry>Code</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry spanname="b0">Byte&nbsp;0 in memory</entry>
<entry spanname="b1">Byte&nbsp;1</entry>
<entry spanname="b2">Byte&nbsp;2</entry>
<entry spanname="b3">Byte&nbsp;3</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>Bit</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
<entry>&nbsp;</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>6</entry>
<entry>5</entry>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUV444">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV444</constant></entry>
<entry>'Y444'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUV555">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV555</constant></entry>
<entry>'YUVO'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a</entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUV565">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV565</constant></entry>
<entry>'YUVP'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-YUV32">
<entry><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV32</constant></entry>
<entry>'YUV4'</entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>a<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Y'<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cb<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
<entry></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>7</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>6</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>5</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>4</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>3</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>2</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>1</subscript></entry>
<entry>Cr<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Bit 7 is the most significant bit. The value of a = alpha
bits is undefined when reading from the driver, ignored when writing
to the driver, except when alpha blending has been negotiated for a
<link linkend="overlay">Video Overlay</link> or <link
linkend="osd">Video Output Overlay</link>.</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

83
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-sbggr16.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
<refentry id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SBGGR16">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR16 ('BYR2')</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR16</constant></refname>
<refpurpose>Bayer RGB format</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This format is similar to <link
linkend="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SBGGR8">
<constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8</constant></link>, except each pixel has
a depth of 16 bits. The least significant byte is stored at lower
memory addresses (little-endian). Note the actual sampling precision
may be lower than 16 bits, for example 10 bits per pixel with values
in range 0 to 1023.</para>
<example>
<title><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR16</constant> 4 &times; 4
pixel image</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Byte Order.</title>
<para>Each cell is one byte.
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="5" align="center">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="2*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>B<subscript>00low</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>00high</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>01low</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>01high</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>02low</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>02high</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>03low</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>03high</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;8:</entry>
<entry>G<subscript>10low</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>10high</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>11low</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>11high</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>12low</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>12high</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>13low</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>13high</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;16:</entry>
<entry>B<subscript>20low</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>20high</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>21low</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>21high</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>22low</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>22high</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>23low</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>23high</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;24:</entry>
<entry>G<subscript>30low</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>30high</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>31low</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>31high</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>32low</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>32high</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>33low</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>33high</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
</example>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

67
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-sbggr8.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
<refentry id="V4L2-PIX-FMT-SBGGR8">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8 ('BA81')</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8</constant></refname>
<refpurpose>Bayer RGB format</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>This is commonly the native format of digital cameras,
reflecting the arrangement of sensors on the CCD device. Only one red,
green or blue value is given for each pixel. Missing components must
be interpolated from neighbouring pixels. From left to right the first
row consists of a blue and green value, the second row of a green and
red value. This scheme repeats to the right and down for every two
columns and rows.</para>
<example>
<title><constant>V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8</constant> 4 &times; 4
pixel image</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Byte Order.</title>
<para>Each cell is one byte.
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="5" align="center">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="2*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>B<subscript>00</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>01</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>02</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>03</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;4:</entry>
<entry>G<subscript>10</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>11</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>12</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>13</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;8:</entry>
<entry>B<subscript>20</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>21</subscript></entry>
<entry>B<subscript>22</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>23</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;12:</entry>
<entry>G<subscript>30</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>31</subscript></entry>
<entry>G<subscript>32</subscript></entry>
<entry>R<subscript>33</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
</example>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

44
Documentation/DocBook/media/v4l/pixfmt-sdr-cs08.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
<refentry id="V4L2-SDR-FMT-CS08">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>V4L2_SDR_FMT_CS8 ('CS08')</refentrytitle>
&manvol;
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>
<constant>V4L2_SDR_FMT_CS8</constant>
</refname>
<refpurpose>Complex signed 8-bit IQ sample</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
This format contains sequence of complex number samples. Each complex number
consist two parts, called In-phase and Quadrature (IQ). Both I and Q are
represented as a 8 bit signed number. I value comes first and Q value after
that.
</para>
<example>
<title><constant>V4L2_SDR_FMT_CS8</constant> 1 sample</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Byte Order.</title>
<para>Each cell is one byte.
<informaltable frame="none">
<tgroup cols="2" align="center">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="2*" />
<tbody valign="top">
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;0:</entry>
<entry>I'<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>start&nbsp;+&nbsp;1:</entry>
<entry>Q'<subscript>0</subscript></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</formalpara>
</example>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show more