Fixed MTP to work with TWRP

tools/testing/selftests/vm/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Makefile for vm selftests
+
+CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
+CFLAGS = -Wall
+BINARIES = hugepage-mmap hugepage-shm map_hugetlb thuge-gen hugetlbfstest
+BINARIES += transhuge-stress
+
+all: $(BINARIES)
+%: %.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^
+
+run_tests: all
+	@/bin/sh ./run_vmtests || (echo "vmtests: [FAIL]"; exit 1)
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) $(BINARIES)

tools/testing/selftests/vm/hugepage-mmap.c

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * hugepage-mmap:
+ *
+ * Example of using huge page memory in a user application using the mmap
+ * system call.  Before running this application, make sure that the
+ * administrator has mounted the hugetlbfs filesystem (on some directory
+ * like /mnt) using the command mount -t hugetlbfs nodev /mnt. In this
+ * example, the app is requesting memory of size 256MB that is backed by
+ * huge pages.
+ *
+ * For the ia64 architecture, the Linux kernel reserves Region number 4 for
+ * huge pages.  That means that if one requires a fixed address, a huge page
+ * aligned address starting with 0x800000... will be required.  If a fixed
+ * address is not required, the kernel will select an address in the proper
+ * range.
+ * Other architectures, such as ppc64, i386 or x86_64 are not so constrained.
+ */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#define FILE_NAME "huge/hugepagefile"
+#define LENGTH (256UL*1024*1024)
+#define PROTECTION (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)
+
+/* Only ia64 requires this */
+#ifdef __ia64__
+#define ADDR (void *)(0x8000000000000000UL)
+#define FLAGS (MAP_SHARED | MAP_FIXED)
+#else
+#define ADDR (void *)(0x0UL)
+#define FLAGS (MAP_SHARED)
+#endif
+
+static void check_bytes(char *addr)
+{
+	printf("First hex is %x\n", *((unsigned int *)addr));
+}
+
+static void write_bytes(char *addr)
+{
+	unsigned long i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH; i++)
+		*(addr + i) = (char)i;
+}
+
+static int read_bytes(char *addr)
+{
+	unsigned long i;
+
+	check_bytes(addr);
+	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH; i++)
+		if (*(addr + i) != (char)i) {
+			printf("Mismatch at %lu\n", i);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	void *addr;
+	int fd, ret;
+
+	fd = open(FILE_NAME, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0755);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		perror("Open failed");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	addr = mmap(ADDR, LENGTH, PROTECTION, FLAGS, fd, 0);
+	if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
+		perror("mmap");
+		unlink(FILE_NAME);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	printf("Returned address is %p\n", addr);
+	check_bytes(addr);
+	write_bytes(addr);
+	ret = read_bytes(addr);
+
+	munmap(addr, LENGTH);
+	close(fd);
+	unlink(FILE_NAME);
+
+	return ret;
+}

tools/testing/selftests/vm/hugepage-shm.c

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * hugepage-shm:
+ *
+ * Example of using huge page memory in a user application using Sys V shared
+ * memory system calls.  In this example the app is requesting 256MB of
+ * memory that is backed by huge pages.  The application uses the flag
+ * SHM_HUGETLB in the shmget system call to inform the kernel that it is
+ * requesting huge pages.
+ *
+ * For the ia64 architecture, the Linux kernel reserves Region number 4 for
+ * huge pages.  That means that if one requires a fixed address, a huge page
+ * aligned address starting with 0x800000... will be required.  If a fixed
+ * address is not required, the kernel will select an address in the proper
+ * range.
+ * Other architectures, such as ppc64, i386 or x86_64 are not so constrained.
+ *
+ * Note: The default shared memory limit is quite low on many kernels,
+ * you may need to increase it via:
+ *
+ * echo 268435456 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
+ *
+ * This will increase the maximum size per shared memory segment to 256MB.
+ * The other limit that you will hit eventually is shmall which is the
+ * total amount of shared memory in pages. To set it to 16GB on a system
+ * with a 4kB pagesize do:
+ *
+ * echo 4194304 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
+ */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/ipc.h>
+#include <sys/shm.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#ifndef SHM_HUGETLB
+#define SHM_HUGETLB 04000
+#endif
+
+#define LENGTH (256UL*1024*1024)
+
+#define dprintf(x)  printf(x)
+
+/* Only ia64 requires this */
+#ifdef __ia64__
+#define ADDR (void *)(0x8000000000000000UL)
+#define SHMAT_FLAGS (SHM_RND)
+#else
+#define ADDR (void *)(0x0UL)
+#define SHMAT_FLAGS (0)
+#endif
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	int shmid;
+	unsigned long i;
+	char *shmaddr;
+
+	shmid = shmget(2, LENGTH, SHM_HUGETLB | IPC_CREAT | SHM_R | SHM_W);
+	if (shmid < 0) {
+		perror("shmget");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	printf("shmid: 0x%x\n", shmid);
+
+	shmaddr = shmat(shmid, ADDR, SHMAT_FLAGS);
+	if (shmaddr == (char *)-1) {
+		perror("Shared memory attach failure");
+		shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
+		exit(2);
+	}
+	printf("shmaddr: %p\n", shmaddr);
+
+	dprintf("Starting the writes:\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH; i++) {
+		shmaddr[i] = (char)(i);
+		if (!(i % (1024 * 1024)))
+			dprintf(".");
+	}
+	dprintf("\n");
+
+	dprintf("Starting the Check...");
+	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH; i++)
+		if (shmaddr[i] != (char)i) {
+			printf("\nIndex %lu mismatched\n", i);
+			exit(3);
+		}
+	dprintf("Done.\n");
+
+	if (shmdt((const void *)shmaddr) != 0) {
+		perror("Detach failure");
+		shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
+		exit(4);
+	}
+
+	shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
+
+	return 0;
+}

tools/testing/selftests/vm/hugetlbfstest.c

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+typedef unsigned long long u64;
+
+static size_t length = 1 << 24;
+
+static u64 read_rss(void)
+{
+	char buf[4096], *s = buf;
+	int i, fd;
+	u64 rss;
+
+	fd = open("/proc/self/statm", O_RDONLY);
+	assert(fd > 2);
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
+	for (i = 0; i < 1; i++)
+		s = strchr(s, ' ') + 1;
+	rss = strtoull(s, NULL, 10);
+	return rss << 12; /* assumes 4k pagesize */
+}
+
+static void do_mmap(int fd, int extra_flags, int unmap)
+{
+	int *p;
+	int flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_POPULATE | extra_flags;
+	u64 before, after;
+
+	before = read_rss();
+	p = mmap(NULL, length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, flags, fd, 0);
+	assert(p != MAP_FAILED ||
+			!"mmap returned an unexpected error");
+	after = read_rss();
+	assert(llabs(after - before - length) < 0x40000 ||
+			!"rss didn't grow as expected");
+	if (!unmap)
+		return;
+	munmap(p, length);
+	after = read_rss();
+	assert(llabs(after - before) < 0x40000 ||
+			!"rss didn't shrink as expected");
+}
+
+static int open_file(const char *path)
+{
+	int fd, err;
+
+	unlink(path);
+	fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC | O_EXCL
+			| O_LARGEFILE | O_CLOEXEC, 0600);
+	assert(fd > 2);
+	unlink(path);
+	err = ftruncate(fd, length);
+	assert(!err);
+	return fd;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	int hugefd, fd;
+
+	fd = open_file("/dev/shm/hugetlbhog");
+	hugefd = open_file("/hugepages/hugetlbhog");
+
+	system("echo 100 > /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages");
+	do_mmap(-1, MAP_ANONYMOUS, 1);
+	do_mmap(fd, 0, 1);
+	do_mmap(-1, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_HUGETLB, 1);
+	do_mmap(hugefd, 0, 1);
+	do_mmap(hugefd, MAP_HUGETLB, 1);
+	/* Leak the last one to test do_exit() */
+	do_mmap(-1, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_HUGETLB, 0);
+	printf("oll korrekt.\n");
+	return 0;
+}

tools/testing/selftests/vm/map_hugetlb.c

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Example of using hugepage memory in a user application using the mmap
+ * system call with MAP_HUGETLB flag.  Before running this program make
+ * sure the administrator has allocated enough default sized huge pages
+ * to cover the 256 MB allocation.
+ *
+ * For ia64 architecture, Linux kernel reserves Region number 4 for hugepages.
+ * That means the addresses starting with 0x800000... will need to be
+ * specified.  Specifying a fixed address is not required on ppc64, i386
+ * or x86_64.
+ */
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#define LENGTH (256UL*1024*1024)
+#define PROTECTION (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)
+
+#ifndef MAP_HUGETLB
+#define MAP_HUGETLB 0x40000 /* arch specific */
+#endif
+
+/* Only ia64 requires this */
+#ifdef __ia64__
+#define ADDR (void *)(0x8000000000000000UL)
+#define FLAGS (MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_HUGETLB | MAP_FIXED)
+#else
+#define ADDR (void *)(0x0UL)
+#define FLAGS (MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_HUGETLB)
+#endif
+
+static void check_bytes(char *addr)
+{
+	printf("First hex is %x\n", *((unsigned int *)addr));
+}
+
+static void write_bytes(char *addr)
+{
+	unsigned long i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH; i++)
+		*(addr + i) = (char)i;
+}
+
+static int read_bytes(char *addr)
+{
+	unsigned long i;
+
+	check_bytes(addr);
+	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH; i++)
+		if (*(addr + i) != (char)i) {
+			printf("Mismatch at %lu\n", i);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	void *addr;
+	int ret;
+
+	addr = mmap(ADDR, LENGTH, PROTECTION, FLAGS, 0, 0);
+	if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
+		perror("mmap");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	printf("Returned address is %p\n", addr);
+	check_bytes(addr);
+	write_bytes(addr);
+	ret = read_bytes(addr);
+
+	munmap(addr, LENGTH);
+
+	return ret;
+}

tools/testing/selftests/vm/run_vmtests

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#please run as root
+
+#we need 256M, below is the size in kB
+needmem=262144
+mnt=./huge
+exitcode=0
+
+#get pagesize and freepages from /proc/meminfo
+while read name size unit; do
+	if [ "$name" = "HugePages_Free:" ]; then
+		freepgs=$size
+	fi
+	if [ "$name" = "Hugepagesize:" ]; then
+		pgsize=$size
+	fi
+done < /proc/meminfo
+
+#set proper nr_hugepages
+if [ -n "$freepgs" ] && [ -n "$pgsize" ]; then
+	nr_hugepgs=`cat /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages`
+	needpgs=`expr $needmem / $pgsize`
+	if [ $freepgs -lt $needpgs ]; then
+		lackpgs=$(( $needpgs - $freepgs ))
+		echo $(( $lackpgs + $nr_hugepgs )) > /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
+		if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+			echo "Please run this test as root"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	fi
+else
+	echo "no hugetlbfs support in kernel?"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir $mnt
+mount -t hugetlbfs none $mnt
+
+echo "--------------------"
+echo "running hugepage-mmap"
+echo "--------------------"
+./hugepage-mmap
+if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+	echo "[FAIL]"
+	exitcode=1
+else
+	echo "[PASS]"
+fi
+
+shmmax=`cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax`
+shmall=`cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall`
+echo 268435456 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
+echo 4194304 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
+echo "--------------------"
+echo "running hugepage-shm"
+echo "--------------------"
+./hugepage-shm
+if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+	echo "[FAIL]"
+	exitcode=1
+else
+	echo "[PASS]"
+fi
+echo $shmmax > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
+echo $shmall > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
+
+echo "--------------------"
+echo "running map_hugetlb"
+echo "--------------------"
+./map_hugetlb
+if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+	echo "[FAIL]"
+	exitcode=1
+else
+	echo "[PASS]"
+fi
+
+echo "--------------------"
+echo "running hugetlbfstest"
+echo "--------------------"
+./hugetlbfstest
+if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+	echo "[FAIL]"
+	exitcode=1
+else
+	echo "[PASS]"
+fi
+
+#cleanup
+umount $mnt
+rm -rf $mnt
+echo $nr_hugepgs > /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
+exit $exitcode

tools/testing/selftests/vm/thuge-gen.c

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+/* Test selecting other page sizes for mmap/shmget.
+
+   Before running this huge pages for each huge page size must have been
+   reserved.
+   For large pages beyond MAX_ORDER (like 1GB on x86) boot options must be used.
+   Also shmmax must be increased.
+   And you need to run as root to work around some weird permissions in shm.
+   And nothing using huge pages should run in parallel.
+   When the program aborts you may need to clean up the shm segments with
+   ipcrm -m by hand, like this
+   sudo ipcs | awk '$1 == "0x00000000" {print $2}' | xargs -n1 sudo ipcrm -m
+   (warning this will remove all if someone else uses them) */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/ipc.h>
+#include <sys/shm.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <glob.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define err(x) perror(x), exit(1)
+
+#define MAP_HUGE_2MB    (21 << MAP_HUGE_SHIFT)
+#define MAP_HUGE_1GB    (30 << MAP_HUGE_SHIFT)
+#define MAP_HUGE_SHIFT  26
+#define MAP_HUGE_MASK   0x3f
+#define MAP_HUGETLB	0x40000
+
+#define SHM_HUGETLB     04000   /* segment will use huge TLB pages */
+#define SHM_HUGE_SHIFT  26
+#define SHM_HUGE_MASK   0x3f
+#define SHM_HUGE_2MB    (21 << SHM_HUGE_SHIFT)
+#define SHM_HUGE_1GB    (30 << SHM_HUGE_SHIFT)
+
+#define NUM_PAGESIZES   5
+
+#define NUM_PAGES 4
+
+#define Dprintf(fmt...) // printf(fmt)
+
+unsigned long page_sizes[NUM_PAGESIZES];
+int num_page_sizes;
+
+int ilog2(unsigned long v)
+{
+	int l = 0;
+	while ((1UL << l) < v)
+		l++;
+	return l;
+}
+
+void find_pagesizes(void)
+{
+	glob_t g;
+	int i;
+	glob("/sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-*kB", 0, NULL, &g);
+	assert(g.gl_pathc <= NUM_PAGESIZES);
+	for (i = 0; i < g.gl_pathc; i++) {
+		sscanf(g.gl_pathv[i], "/sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-%lukB",
+				&page_sizes[i]);
+		page_sizes[i] <<= 10;
+		printf("Found %luMB\n", page_sizes[i] >> 20);
+	}
+	num_page_sizes = g.gl_pathc;
+	globfree(&g);
+}
+
+unsigned long default_huge_page_size(void)
+{
+	unsigned long hps = 0;
+	char *line = NULL;
+	size_t linelen = 0;
+	FILE *f = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "r");
+	if (!f)
+		return 0;
+	while (getline(&line, &linelen, f) > 0) {
+		if (sscanf(line, "Hugepagesize:       %lu kB", &hps) == 1) {
+			hps <<= 10;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	free(line);
+	return hps;
+}
+
+void show(unsigned long ps)
+{
+	char buf[100];
+	if (ps == getpagesize())
+		return;
+	printf("%luMB: ", ps >> 20);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof buf,
+		"cat /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-%lukB/free_hugepages",
+		ps >> 10);
+	system(buf);
+}
+
+unsigned long read_sysfs(int warn, char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char *line = NULL;
+	size_t linelen = 0;
+	char buf[100];
+	FILE *f;
+	va_list ap;
+	unsigned long val = 0;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	vsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	f = fopen(buf, "r");
+	if (!f) {
+		if (warn)
+			printf("missing %s\n", buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (getline(&line, &linelen, f) > 0) {
+		sscanf(line, "%lu", &val);
+	}
+	fclose(f);
+	free(line);
+	return val;
+}
+
+unsigned long read_free(unsigned long ps)
+{
+	return read_sysfs(ps != getpagesize(),
+			"/sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-%lukB/free_hugepages",
+			ps >> 10);
+}
+
+void test_mmap(unsigned long size, unsigned flags)
+{
+	char *map;
+	unsigned long before, after;
+	int err;
+
+	before = read_free(size);
+	map = mmap(NULL, size*NUM_PAGES, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
+			MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_HUGETLB|flags, 0, 0);
+
+	if (map == (char *)-1) err("mmap");
+	memset(map, 0xff, size*NUM_PAGES);
+	after = read_free(size);
+	Dprintf("before %lu after %lu diff %ld size %lu\n",
+		before, after, before - after, size);
+	assert(size == getpagesize() || (before - after) == NUM_PAGES);
+	show(size);
+	err = munmap(map, size);
+	assert(!err);
+}
+
+void test_shmget(unsigned long size, unsigned flags)
+{
+	int id;
+	unsigned long before, after;
+	int err;
+
+	before = read_free(size);
+	id = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, size * NUM_PAGES, IPC_CREAT|0600|flags);
+	if (id < 0) err("shmget");
+
+	struct shm_info i;
+	if (shmctl(id, SHM_INFO, (void *)&i) < 0) err("shmctl");
+	Dprintf("alloc %lu res %lu\n", i.shm_tot, i.shm_rss);
+
+
+	Dprintf("id %d\n", id);
+	char *map = shmat(id, NULL, 0600);
+	if (map == (char*)-1) err("shmat");
+
+	shmctl(id, IPC_RMID, NULL);
+
+	memset(map, 0xff, size*NUM_PAGES);
+	after = read_free(size);
+
+	Dprintf("before %lu after %lu diff %ld size %lu\n",
+		before, after, before - after, size);
+	assert(size == getpagesize() || (before - after) == NUM_PAGES);
+	show(size);
+	err = shmdt(map);
+	assert(!err);
+}
+
+void sanity_checks(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned long largest = getpagesize();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_page_sizes; i++) {
+		if (page_sizes[i] > largest)
+			largest = page_sizes[i];
+
+		if (read_free(page_sizes[i]) < NUM_PAGES) {
+			printf("Not enough huge pages for page size %lu MB, need %u\n",
+				page_sizes[i] >> 20,
+				NUM_PAGES);
+			exit(0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (read_sysfs(0, "/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax") < NUM_PAGES * largest) {
+		printf("Please do echo %lu > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax", largest * NUM_PAGES);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+	if (largest != 1U<<30) {
+		printf("No GB pages available on x86-64\n"
+		       "Please boot with hugepagesz=1G hugepages=%d\n", NUM_PAGES);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned default_hps = default_huge_page_size();
+
+	find_pagesizes();
+
+	sanity_checks();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_page_sizes; i++) {
+		unsigned long ps = page_sizes[i];
+		int arg = ilog2(ps) << MAP_HUGE_SHIFT;
+		printf("Testing %luMB mmap with shift %x\n", ps >> 20, arg);
+		test_mmap(ps, MAP_HUGETLB | arg);
+	}
+	printf("Testing default huge mmap\n");
+	test_mmap(default_hps, SHM_HUGETLB);
+
+	puts("Testing non-huge shmget");
+	test_shmget(getpagesize(), 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_page_sizes; i++) {
+		unsigned long ps = page_sizes[i];
+		int arg = ilog2(ps) << SHM_HUGE_SHIFT;
+		printf("Testing %luMB shmget with shift %x\n", ps >> 20, arg);
+		test_shmget(ps, SHM_HUGETLB | arg);
+	}
+	puts("default huge shmget");
+	test_shmget(default_hps, SHM_HUGETLB);
+
+	return 0;
+}

tools/testing/selftests/vm/transhuge-stress.c

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Stress test for transparent huge pages, memory compaction and migration.
+ *
+ * Authors: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+ */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <err.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#define PAGE_SHIFT 12
+#define HPAGE_SHIFT 21
+
+#define PAGE_SIZE (1 << PAGE_SHIFT)
+#define HPAGE_SIZE (1 << HPAGE_SHIFT)
+
+#define PAGEMAP_PRESENT(ent)	(((ent) & (1ull << 63)) != 0)
+#define PAGEMAP_PFN(ent)	((ent) & ((1ull << 55) - 1))
+
+int pagemap_fd;
+
+int64_t allocate_transhuge(void *ptr)
+{
+	uint64_t ent[2];
+
+	/* drop pmd */
+	if (mmap(ptr, HPAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+				MAP_FIXED | MAP_ANONYMOUS |
+				MAP_NORESERVE | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0) != ptr)
+		errx(2, "mmap transhuge");
+
+	if (madvise(ptr, HPAGE_SIZE, MADV_HUGEPAGE))
+		err(2, "MADV_HUGEPAGE");
+
+	/* allocate transparent huge page */
+	*(volatile void **)ptr = ptr;
+
+	if (pread(pagemap_fd, ent, sizeof(ent),
+			(uintptr_t)ptr >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 3)) != sizeof(ent))
+		err(2, "read pagemap");
+
+	if (PAGEMAP_PRESENT(ent[0]) && PAGEMAP_PRESENT(ent[1]) &&
+	    PAGEMAP_PFN(ent[0]) + 1 == PAGEMAP_PFN(ent[1]) &&
+	    !(PAGEMAP_PFN(ent[0]) & ((1 << (HPAGE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT)) - 1)))
+		return PAGEMAP_PFN(ent[0]);
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	size_t ram, len;
+	void *ptr, *p;
+	struct timespec a, b;
+	double s;
+	uint8_t *map;
+	size_t map_len;
+
+	ram = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
+	if (ram > SIZE_MAX / sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE) / 4)
+		ram = SIZE_MAX / 4;
+	else
+		ram *= sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+
+	if (argc == 1)
+		len = ram;
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
+		errx(1, "usage: %s [size in MiB]", argv[0]);
+	else
+		len = atoll(argv[1]) << 20;
+
+	warnx("allocate %zd transhuge pages, using %zd MiB virtual memory"
+	      " and %zd MiB of ram", len >> HPAGE_SHIFT, len >> 20,
+	      len >> (20 + HPAGE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT - 1));
+
+	pagemap_fd = open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY);
+	if (pagemap_fd < 0)
+		err(2, "open pagemap");
+
+	len -= len % HPAGE_SIZE;
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, len + HPAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+			MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
+		err(2, "initial mmap");
+	ptr += HPAGE_SIZE - (uintptr_t)ptr % HPAGE_SIZE;
+
+	if (madvise(ptr, len, MADV_HUGEPAGE))
+		err(2, "MADV_HUGEPAGE");
+
+	map_len = ram >> (HPAGE_SHIFT - 1);
+	map = malloc(map_len);
+	if (!map)
+		errx(2, "map malloc");
+
+	while (1) {
+		int nr_succeed = 0, nr_failed = 0, nr_pages = 0;
+
+		memset(map, 0, map_len);
+
+		clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &a);
+		for (p = ptr; p < ptr + len; p += HPAGE_SIZE) {
+			int64_t pfn;
+
+			pfn = allocate_transhuge(p);
+
+			if (pfn < 0) {
+				nr_failed++;
+			} else {
+				size_t idx = pfn >> (HPAGE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
+
+				nr_succeed++;
+				if (idx >= map_len) {
+					map = realloc(map, idx + 1);
+					if (!map)
+						errx(2, "map realloc");
+					memset(map + map_len, 0, idx + 1 - map_len);
+					map_len = idx + 1;
+				}
+				if (!map[idx])
+					nr_pages++;
+				map[idx] = 1;
+			}
+
+			/* split transhuge page, keep last page */
+			if (madvise(p, HPAGE_SIZE - PAGE_SIZE, MADV_DONTNEED))
+				err(2, "MADV_DONTNEED");
+		}
+		clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &b);
+		s = b.tv_sec - a.tv_sec + (b.tv_nsec - a.tv_nsec) / 1000000000.;
+
+		warnx("%.3f s/loop, %.3f ms/page, %10.3f MiB/s\t"
+		      "%4d succeed, %4d failed, %4d different pages",
+		      s, s * 1000 / (len >> HPAGE_SHIFT), len / s / (1 << 20),
+		      nr_succeed, nr_failed, nr_pages);
+	}
+}